Functional group characteristics and pyrolysis/combustion performance of fly ashes from Karamay oily sludge based on FT-IR and TG-DTG analyses

A new azo compound was prepared via the azo coupling reaction between 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-diazonium chloride and 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine). The ester functional group of the obtained compound was hydrolyzed and thus a new chemical structure with a carboxylic functional group resulted. The structures of the new compounds were fully characterized by: UV–Vis, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HRMS spectrometry.

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Technical Note: Relating functional group measurements to carbon types for improved model-measurement comparisons of organic aerosol composition

10.5194/acp-2016-926 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Satoshi Takahama ◽

Giulia Ruggeri

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Functional Group ◽

Organic Aerosol ◽

Chem Phys ◽

Technical Note ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Aerosol Composition ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Model Measurement

Abstract. Functional group (FG) analysis provides a means by which functionalization in organic aerosol can be attributed to the abundances of its underlying molecular structures. However, performing this attribution requires additional, unobserved details about the molecular mixture to provide constraints in the estimation process. To address this issue, we present an approach for conceptualizing FG measurements of organic aerosol in terms of its functionalized carbon atoms. This reformulation facilitates estimation of mass recovery and biases in popular carbon-centric metrics that describe the extent of functionalization (such as oxygen to carbon ratio, organic mass to organic carbon mass ratio, and mean carbon oxidation state) for any given set of molecules and FGs analyzed. Furthermore, this approach allows development of parameterizations to more precisely estimate the organic carbon content from measured FG abundance. We use simulated photooxidation products of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol previously reported by Ruggeri et al. (Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4401–4422, 2016) and FG measurements by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in chamber experiments by Sax et al. (Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 822–830, 2005) to infer the relationships among molecular composition, FG composition, and metrics of organic aerosol functionalization. We find that for this simulated system, ~ 80 % of the carbon atoms should be detected by FGs for which calibration models are commonly developed, and ~ 7 % of the carbon atoms are undetectable by FT-IR analysis because they are not associated with vibrational modes in the infrared. Estimated biases due to undetected carbon fraction for these simulations are used to make adjustments in these carbon-centric metrics such that model-measurement differences are framed in terms of unmeasured heteroatoms (e.g., in hydroperoxide and nitrate groups for the case studied in this demonstration). The formality of this method provides framework for extending FG analysis to not only model-measurement but also instrument intercomparisons in other chemical systems.

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Correlation between Functional Group and Formation of Nanoparticles in PEBAX/Ag Salt/Al Salt Complexes for Olefin Separation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12030667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

So Young Kim ◽

Younghyun Cho ◽

Sang Wook Kang

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Functional Group ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Amide Group ◽

Separation Performance ◽

Ether Group ◽

Long Time ◽

Ft Ir

poly ether-block-amide (PEBAX)-2533/metal salt/Al salt membranes were prepared for mixed olefin/paraffin separation. PEBAX-2533 with 80% ether group and 20% amide group was suggested as the polymer matrix for comparison of separation performance according to the functional group ratio in copolymer PEBAX. In addition, Al salts were used to stabilize metal ions for a long time as additives. High permeance was expected with the proportion of high ether groups, since these functional groups provided relatively permeable regions. As a result, the PEBAX-2533 composite membrane showed a selectivity of 5 (propylene/propane) with 10 GPU. However, the permeance of membrane was not unexpectedly improved and the selectivity was reduced. The result was analyzed by using SEM, RAMAN and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The reduction in separation performance was determined by using FT-IR. Based on these results, in order to stabilize the metal ions interacting with the polymer through Al(NO3)3, it was concluded that a specific ratio of the amide group was needed in PEBAX as a polymer matrix.

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Quantification of surface functional groups on silica nanoparticles: comparison of thermogravimetric analysis and quantitative NMR

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/c9an01080g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 144 (18) ◽

pp. 5589-5599 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Filip Kunc ◽

Vinod Balhara ◽

Ying Sun ◽

Malgosia Daroszewska ◽

Zygmunt J. Jakubek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Functional Group ◽

Evolved Gas Analysis ◽

Potential Method ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Evolved Gas ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Modified Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Surface Modified

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with evolved gas analysis-FT-IR has been examined as a potential method to study the functional group content for surface modified silica nanoparticles.

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Synthesis of Polystyrene-B-Poly(Ethylene Oxide)monomethyl Ethermethacrylate Block Copolymers and its Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solution

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.769 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 769-772

Author(s):

Qian Qian You ◽

Pu Yu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Block Copolymers ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Chain Transfer ◽

Functional Group ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reversible Addition ◽

Ft Ir ◽

A Chain

The block copolymer of PSt-b-POEOMA with the end of -COOH functional group has been synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) using S,S′-Bis(α,α′-dimethyl-α′′-acetic acid)-trithiocarbonate (BDATC) as a chain transfer agent. The architectures of the copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR and 1HNMR spectra. GPC analysis was used to estimate the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the copolymers. Meanwhile, The nanostructures of the block copolymers PSt-b-POEOMA micelles formed in aqueous solution were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

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Predicting ambient aerosol thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) measurements from infrared spectra: organic carbon

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-8-1097-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1097-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. M. Dillner ◽

S. Takahama

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Partial Least Squares Regression ◽

Functional Group ◽

Group Composition ◽

Organic Aerosol ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Normalized Error ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Test Sets ◽

Absorbance Spectra

Abstract. Organic carbon (OC) can constitute 50% or more of the mass of atmospheric particulate matter. Typically, organic carbon is measured from a quartz fiber filter that has been exposed to a volume of ambient air and analyzed using thermal methods such as thermal-optical reflectance (TOR). Here, methods are presented that show the feasibility of using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectra from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) filters to accurately predict TOR OC. This work marks an initial step in proposing a method that can reduce the operating costs of large air quality monitoring networks with an inexpensive, non-destructive analysis technique using routinely collected PTFE filter samples which, in addition to OC concentrations, can concurrently provide information regarding the composition of organic aerosol. This feasibility study suggests that the minimum detection limit and errors (or uncertainty) of FT-IR predictions are on par with TOR OC such that evaluation of long-term trends and epidemiological studies would not be significantly impacted. To develop and test the method, FT-IR absorbance spectra are obtained from 794 samples from seven Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) sites collected during 2011. Partial least-squares regression is used to calibrate sample FT-IR absorbance spectra to TOR OC. The FTIR spectra are divided into calibration and test sets by sampling site and date. The calibration produces precise and accurate TOR OC predictions of the test set samples by FT-IR as indicated by high coefficient of variation (R2; 0.96), low bias (0.02 μg m−3, the nominal IMPROVE sample volume is 32.8 m3), low error (0.08 μg m−3) and low normalized error (11%). These performance metrics can be achieved with various degrees of spectral pretreatment (e.g., including or excluding substrate contributions to the absorbances) and are comparable in precision to collocated TOR measurements. FT-IR spectra are also divided into calibration and test sets by OC mass and by OM / OC ratio, which reflects the organic composition of the particulate matter and is obtained from organic functional group composition; these divisions also leads to precise and accurate OC predictions. Low OC concentrations have higher bias and normalized error due to TOR analytical errors and artifact-correction errors, not due to the range of OC mass of the samples in the calibration set. However, samples with low OC mass can be used to predict samples with high OC mass, indicating that the calibration is linear. Using samples in the calibration set that have different OM / OC or ammonium / OC distributions than the test set leads to only a modest increase in bias and normalized error in the predicted samples. We conclude that FT-IR analysis with partial least-squares regression is a robust method for accurately predicting TOR OC in IMPROVE network samples – providing complementary information to the organic functional group composition and organic aerosol mass estimated previously from the same set of sample spectra (Ruthenburg et al., 2014).

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Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Krim Pengkelat Merkuri Berbahan Dasar Ekstrak Etanol Alga Coklat (Sargassum sp.)

ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ◽

10.20961/alchemy.14.1.12242.152-163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Inda Putrinesia ◽

Yoga Pratama ◽

Nurul Asyikin ◽

Winda Rahmalia

Keyword(s):

Brown Algae ◽

Functional Group ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Mouse Skin ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chelating Activity ◽

Activity Test ◽

Irritation Test ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Skin Irritation Test

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang formulasi dan uji aktivitas krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar ekstrak etanol alga coklat (Sargassum sp.) telah dilakukan. Krim diformulasikan dengan beberapa bahan seperti vaselin, gliserol, asam askorbat, karbomer, setil alkohol, dan NaOH. Parameter yang dievaluasi diantaranya organoleptik krim, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, tipe krim, iritasi kulit, dan daya tercuci krim. Aktivitas pengkelatan diamati dengan menganalisis kandungan merkuri pada kulit tikus yang sebelumnya diberikan krim bermerkuri dibandingkan dengan kulit tikus yang telah dioleskan krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar ekstrak etanol alga coklat. Spektrum Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol alga coklat diindikasikan mengandung glutation. Berdasarkan parameter evaluasi krim, formulasi terbaik adalah krim dengan komposisi ekstrak alga coklat sebanyak 0,035% w/v terhadap volume krim, yang ditandai dengan krim yang berbentuk gel kental dan tidak berbau serta memiliki tekstur seperti krim wajah pada umumnya, yaitu lembut dan sedikit berminyak. Krim bersifat homogen dan stabil hingga hari ke 21 percobaan dengan pH=5. Krim juga tidak menimbulkan iritasi dan dapat tercuci habis tanpa bekas. Hasil analisis AAS membuktikan bahwa penggunaan krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar esktrak etanol alga coklat selama kurang dari 2 minggu dengan dosis pemberian 1 kali sehari mampu menyerap merkuri pada tikus dengan aktivitas penyerapan sebesar 50%.Formulation and Activity Test of Mercury Chelator Cream of Ethanol Extract of Brown Algae (Sargassum Sp.). Research on the study of formulation an activity test of mercury chelator cream from ethanol extract has successfully done. The cream was formulated with ingredients such as vaseline, glycerol, ascorbic acid, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, and sodium hydroxide. Parameters were evaluated against organoleptic, homogenity, pH, dispersion type of cream, skin irritation test and washing test. The mercury chelating activity was observed by analyzing mercury concentration in mercury induced mouse skin. The FTIR spectrum shows that ethanol extract of brown algae was dominated by glutathione functional group. The best cream formulation was composed by 0,035% (w/v) brown algae, formed as a creamy gel that was thick and odorless and had a texture like soft facial cream in general with slightly oily.The cream was homogeneous and stable until the 21st day of the experiment with pH = 5. The cream produced no skin irritation and could be washed out without a trace. The results of AAS analysis proved that the use of brown algae ethanol extract-based mercury chelating cream for less than 2 weeks with a dose of 1 time a day could absorb mercury in mouse skin with absorption activity of 50%.

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Congo Red and Nigrosine Dye Degradation using Dimethyl Dioxirane as an Oxidising Agent

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/370529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 1221-1228

Author(s):

S. Vinotha ◽

A.Leema Rose

Keyword(s):

Congo Red ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Functional Group ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Visible Spectroscopy ◽

Before And After ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Combined Action ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The advanced oxidation of Congo red (CR) and Nigrosine (NI) using the combined action of dimethyl dioxirane as an oxidising agent is described in this study. The effects of several parameters, such as the concentration of the oxidising agent, the initial dye concentration, and the pH, have been investigated. At room temperature, the oxidising agent dimethyl dioxirane was employed to test the degradation of CR and NI dyes. On the degradation efficiency of CR and NI, pH’s effects, oxidising agent, and initial dye concentration were examined. The absorbance of CR and NI dyes before and after degradation was measured using UV-visible spectroscopy. The functional group existing in the dyes before and after degradation was determined using FT-IR spectroscopy.

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Preparation of Polycaprolactone/Ethanolic Extract Propolis Nanofibers Films

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.226 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 506 ◽

pp. 226-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Krit Sutjarittangtham ◽

S. Sanpa ◽

Tawee Tunkasiri ◽

Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽

P. Chantawannakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Electrospinning Technique ◽

One Step ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Antitumor Properties ◽

The One ◽

Scanning Electron

Recent years, propolis has plenty of biological and pharmacological properties and its mechanisms of action have been widely investigated. There is a substantive database on the biological activity and toxicity of propolis indicating it may have many antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral and antitumor properties, among other attributes. The one-step incorporation of propolis into nanofibrous mats of polycaprolactone (PCL) by electrospinning was demonstrated. In this research, the preparation of the PCL nanofibers films added ethanolic extract propolis (EEP) by electrospinning technique was studied. The EEP content was varied from 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The functional group was investigated by FT-IR

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