Evaluation of adverse effects of particulate matter on human life

Abstract Objective The primary objective is to investigate adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) in various size on the incidence of prevalent autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs): Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Methods We investigated 230,034 participants in three metropolitan cities of South Korea from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). Starting from January 2010, subjects were followed up until the first event of prevalent AIRDs, death, or December 2013. 2008-2009 respective averages of PM2.5 (< 2.5μm) and PMcoarse (2.5μm to 10μm) were linked with participants’ administrative district codes. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression analysis in one- and two-pollutant model. Results Adjusted for age, sex, region, and household income in two-pollutant model, RA incidence was positively associated with 10μg/m³ increment of PM2.5 (aHR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06-2.86), but not with PMcoarse (aHR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.87-1.85). In one-pollutant model, an elevated incidence rate of RA was slightly attenuated (PM2.5 aHR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.99-2.61; PMcoarse aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.80-1.61), with marginal statistical significance of PM2.5. RA incidence was also higher in 4th quartile group of PM2.5 compared to 1st quartile group (aHR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.07-3.11). No adverse effects of PM were found on AS or SLE in one- and two-pollutant models. Conclusion Important components of PM10 associated with RA incidence were fine fractions (PM2.5), while no positive association was found between PM and AS or SLE.

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City with Smart Waste Management: Introducing Waste Bin Technologies

Nexo Revista Científica ◽

10.5377/nexo.v34i02.11628 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (02) ◽

pp. 1032-1038

Author(s):

Arya Majidi

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Waste Management ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Human Life ◽

The Other ◽

The Internet ◽

Waste Collection ◽

Waste Production ◽

The Internet Of Things

Population growth and urbanization have led to an increase in the rate of waste production, the lack of timely and proper management of which will have adverse effects on human life and the environment. Since most of the waste management costs are spent on waste collection and transportation, it is necessary to find solutions to control the huge costs of this sector. On the other hand, today, intelligent technologies are used globally as solutions to meet challenges in various fields such as agriculture to improve agro-industrial production, transportation, and waste management, which creates a concept called smart cities. One of the categories that has changed the concept of cities and made them have easier and smarter answers to various events and needs is the "Internet of Things", in which many cases and infrastructures with new hardware technologies and Software are integrated. Waste collection is no exception to this rule and efforts have been made to make it smarter. In this research, some of the latest innovations presented globally in order to make trash smarter have been examined.

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Sources of Air Pollution

Handbook of Research on Microbial Tools for Environmental Waste Management - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch011 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 220-258

Author(s):

Abderrezak Khelfi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Chemical Reactions ◽

Dust Storms ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Atmospheric Gases ◽

Secondary Pollutants ◽

Harmful Substances ◽

Life On Earth

This chapter describes how air is a complex natural gaseous system essential to support life on Earth. Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources, which discharge of harmful substances into the atmosphere, causing adverse effects to humans and the environment. They can be natural or anthropogenic. Natural air pollution sources are multiple and include volcanic eruption, fire, ocean vapors, dust storms and fermentation of organic materials. However, the range and quantities of chemicals discharged into the atmosphere from industry, transport, agriculture, energy production, domestic heating, and many other human activities, have increased dramatically. Some pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere and are known as primary pollutants (NOx, SOx, particulate matter, etc.). Others are formed in the air as a result of chemical reactions with other pollutants and atmospheric gases; these are known as secondary pollutants like ozone. This chapter provides an overview on air pollution sources as well as the ways in which pollutants can affect human health and the environment.

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Study on Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions of Diesel Engine Using Palm Oil Methyl Ester

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.433 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 465-466 ◽

pp. 433-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nur Fauziah Jaharudin ◽

Abdul Adam Abdullah ◽

Ahmad Fitri Yusof ◽

Rizalman Mamat ◽

Nur Atiqah Ramlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Size Range ◽

Optimum Speed

One of the major pollutants emitted by diesel engine is particulate matter (PM). The main concerns about PM are their adverse effects in the urban area. Therefore researchers are now constantly working on alternative fuels which are clean and efficient in combustion. One of the most promising alternatives fuel is vegetable oils and their derivatives. Based on this study, the characteristics of indirect injection diesel engine in term of the PM have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted experimentally using four cylinder diesel engine. This paper presents an experimental study of PM using mineral diesel and palm-diesel (B100) as a fuel. The result shows highest percentage count for both mineral-diesel and palm-diesel at PM diameter range of 121-160 nm. In addition, the result also indicates that at 2500 rpm the PM for palm-diesel is lower than mineral-diesel for all size range. Thus, at 2500 rpm, it is the optimum speed in order to have a minimum PM for palm-diesel.

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Preliminary analysis of variability in concentration of fine particulate matter - PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 in area of Poznań city

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20182801005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Izabela Sówka ◽

Anna Chlebowska-Styś ◽

Barbara Mathews

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Suspended Particulate Matter ◽

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Human Life ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Winter Season ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration ◽

High Concentration ◽

Suspended Particulate

It is commonly known, that suspended particulate matter pose a threat to human life and health, negatively influence the flora, climate and also materials. Especially dangerous is the presence of high concentration of particulate matter in the area of cities, where density of population is high. The research aimed at determining the variability of suspended particulate matter concentration (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in two different thermal seasons, in the area of Poznań city. As a part of carried out work we analyzed the variability of concentrations and also performed a preliminary analysis of their correlation. Measured concentrations of particulate matter were contained within following ranges: PM10 – 8.7-69.6 μg/m3, PM2.5 – 2.2-88.5 μg/m3, PM1.0 – 2.5-22.9 μg/m3 in the winter season and 1.0-42.8 μg/m3 (PM10), 1.2-40.3 μg/m3 (PM2.5) and 2.7-10.4 (PM1.0) in the summer season. Preliminary correlative analysis indicated interdependence between the temperature of air, the speed of wind and concentration of particulate matter in selected measurement points. The values of correlation coefficients between the air temperature, speed of wind and concentrations of particulate matter were respectively equal to: for PM10: -0.59 and -0.55 (Jana Pawła II Street), -0.53 and -0.53 (Szymanowskiego Street), for PM2.5: -0.60 and -0.53 (Jana Pawła II Street) and for PM1.0 -0.40 and -0.59 (Jana Pawła II Street).

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Micronutrient-rich dietary intake is associated with a reduction in the effects of particulate matter on blood pressure among electronic waste recyclers at Agbogbloshie, Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18829/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sylvia Akpene Takyi ◽

Nil Basu ◽

John Arko-Mensah ◽

Paul Botwe ◽

Afua Asabea Amoabeng Nti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Electronic Waste ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Informal Recycling ◽

Ambient Exposure ◽

Guideline Value ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Informal recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) releases particulate matter (PM) into the ambient air. Human exposure to PM has been reported to induce adverse effects on cardiovascular health. However, the impact of PM on the cardiovascular health of e-waste recyclers in Ghana has not been studied. Although intake of micronutrient-rich diet is known to modify these PM-induced adverse health effects, no data are available on the relationship between micronutrient status of e-waste recyclers and the reported high-level exposure to PM.Objectives: We investigated whether intake of micronutrient-rich diets ameliorates the adverse effects of ambient exposure to PM2.5 on blood pressure (BP).Methods: This study was conducted from March 2017 to October 2018; involving the measurement of breathing zone PM2.5 using real-time monitor. Dietary micronutrient (Fe, Ca, Mg, Se, Zn, and Cu) intake was assessed using a 2-day 24-hour recall, whiles cardiovascular indices such as systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured using a sphygmomanometer. Ordinary least-squares regression models were used to estimate the joint effects of ambient exposure to PM2.5 and dietary micronutrient intake on cardiovascular health outcomes. The results: Fe was consumed in adequate quantities. However, Ca, Se, Zn, Mg, and Cu were inadequately consumed among e-waste recyclers and controls. Dietary Ca and Fe intake were associated with reduced SBP and PP of e-waste recyclers. Although PM2.5 levels were higher in e-waste recyclers, the controls exceeded the WHO 24-hour guideline value (25µg/m3). Exposure to 1µg/m3 of PM2.5 was associated with increased HR of e-waste recyclers by 0.06 bpm; implying informal recycling of e-waste may be a risk factor for tachycardia. Also, dietary Fe intake was associated with a reduction in systolic blood pressure levels of e-waste recyclers.Conclusions: Consistent adequate dietary Fe intake was associated with reduced effects of PM2.5 on SBP of e-waste recyclers overtime. However, as all other micronutrients are essential in ameliorating adverse effects of PM on cardiovascular health, nutrition-related policy dialogues are necessary to educate informal e-waste recyclers and the general population on specific nutrients of concern and their impact on the exposure to ambient air pollutants.

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Wood combustion particles induce adverse effects to normal and diseased airway epithelia

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts ◽

10.1039/c6em00586a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 538-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Manuel Krapf ◽

Lisa Künzi ◽

Sandrine Allenbach ◽

Emily A. Bruns ◽

Ilaria Gavarini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Health Status ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Wood Combustion ◽

Airway Epithelia ◽

Combustion Particles ◽

Combustion Emissions ◽

Specific Health

Particulate matter from direct wood combustion emissions and their subsequent atmospheric oxidation affects airway epithelia of specific health status due to a combined effect of several chemical constituents.

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THE THEORETICAL AND LEGAL BASIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AS A POSSIBLE MEASUREMENT OF HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202011134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 2523-2527

Author(s):

Vitalii M. Pashkov ◽

Maryna V. Trotska ◽

Andrii O. Harkusha

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Human Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Scientific Journals ◽

Human Beings ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Legal Perspective

The aim: To inquire into a theoretical and legal basis that regulates relevant areas and processes; use of certain objects, associated with ecological risks, which association, in turn, indicates the likelihood of conditions that can have adverse effects on the environment, human life and well-being. Materials and methods: In this work we study statutory regulations and scientific positions of scholars regarding the above-mentioned issue. The study analyses generalized information from scientific journals employing scientific methods from a medical and legal perspective. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, and comprehensive research methods. Conclusions: The importance of the issue of environmental risks reflects the need in solving the problem of coexistence between human beings and nature. The analysis of theoretical and legal basis within the outlined framework will allow detecting the gaps and will help to understand in what way they are surmountable while regulating the stressors associated with ecological risks, on one hand, and, on another hand – the possible consequences, in order to prevent and eliminate them as promptly as possible and, thus, minimize their adverse effects on the environment and the health of the population.

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