Study on Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions of Diesel Engine Using Palm Oil Methyl Ester

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fauziah Jaharudin ◽  
Abdul Adam Abdullah ◽  
Ahmad Fitri Yusof ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Nur Atiqah Ramlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Optimum Speed

One of the major pollutants emitted by diesel engine is particulate matter (PM). The main concerns about PM are their adverse effects in the urban area. Therefore researchers are now constantly working on alternative fuels which are clean and efficient in combustion. One of the most promising alternatives fuel is vegetable oils and their derivatives. Based on this study, the characteristics of indirect injection diesel engine in term of the PM have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted experimentally using four cylinder diesel engine. This paper presents an experimental study of PM using mineral diesel and palm-diesel (B100) as a fuel. The result shows highest percentage count for both mineral-diesel and palm-diesel at PM diameter range of 121-160 nm. In addition, the result also indicates that at 2500 rpm the PM for palm-diesel is lower than mineral-diesel for all size range. Thus, at 2500 rpm, it is the optimum speed in order to have a minimum PM for palm-diesel.

scholarly journals The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damanik ◽  
Ong ◽  
Mofijur ◽  
Tong ◽  
Silitonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Harmful Emission ◽  
High Heating Value

Nowadays, increased interest among the scientific community to explore the Calophyllum inophyllum as alternative fuels for diesel engines is observed. This research is about using mixed Calophyllum inophyllum-palm oil biodiesel production and evaluation that biodiesel in a diesel engine. The Calophyllum inophyllum–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) is processed using the following procedure: (1) the crude Calophyllum inophyllum and palm oils are mixed at the same ratio of 50:50 volume %, (2) degumming, (3) acid-catalysed esterification, (4) purification, and (5) alkaline-catalysed transesterification. The results are indeed encouraging which satisfy the international standards, CPME shows the high heating value (37.9 MJ/kg) but lower kinematic viscosity (4.50 mm2/s) due to change the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition compared to Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester (CIME). The average results show that the blended fuels have higher Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and NOx emissions, lower Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), along with CO and HC emissions than diesel fuel over the entire range of speeds. Among the blends, CPME5 offered better performance compared to other fuels. It can be recommended that the CPME blend has great potential as an alternative fuel because of its excellent characteristics, better performance, and less harmful emission than CIME blends.

Comparative Study of Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions in Diesel Engine Using Diesel-Methanol Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fitri Yusof ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Mohd Hafizil Mat Yasin ◽  
Abdul Adam Abdullah ◽  
Amir Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Soluble Organic Fraction ◽  
Composite Filter

In this research, Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) was added to methanol-biodiesel fuel in order to reduce the emissions. Thus, for diesel engines, alcohols are receiving increasing attention because they are oxygenated and renewable fuels. Therefore, in this study, the effect of PM emission level of a four cylinder, naturally aspirated, indirect injection diesel engine has been experimentally investigated by using methanol-blended diesel fuel from 0% to 20% with an increment of 5%. Thus, the effects of methanol on particulate matter (PM) components, soluble organic fraction (SOF) and dry soot (DS) using different type of fuel blends were investigated. Using a composite filter, the ester-methanol-diesel characteristic such as mass concentration in term PM, SOF and DS were analyzed under different engine operating conditions. The results show that the combination of 10% of methanol with 20% of Palm Oil Methyl Ester gives less PM emissions. Thus, PME20M10 of methanol-biodiesel fuel can reduce the PM emissions effectively for all load condition.

Characteristic of Particulate Matter (PM) of Diesel Engine Using Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fitri Yusop ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Agung Sudrajad ◽  
Mohd Hafizil Mat Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil

scholarly journals Jatropha oil methyl ester and its blends used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Yarrapathruni ◽  
Sudheer Voleti ◽  
Reddy Pereddy ◽  
Raju Alluru
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Blended Fuels

Biomass derived vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for agricultural diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the transesterification process. In this present work, the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl ester of jatropha oil as the fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions. The fuel properties of biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point, carbon residue, and specific gravity were found. Results indicate that B25 has closer performance to diesel and B100 has lower brake thermal efficiency mainly due to its high viscosity compared to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel and its blends was found to be slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at tested load conditions and there was no difference of efficiency between the biodiesel and its blended fuels. For jatropha biodiesel and its blended fuels, the exhaust gas temperature increased with the increase of power and amount of biodiesel. However, its diesel blends showed reasonable efficiency, lower smoke, and CO2 and CO emissions.

scholarly journals DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE, EMISSION AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS WITH OPTIMIZED BLEND OF B25 METHYL ESTER OF MANGO SEED OIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vijayaraj ◽  
A. Muruga Ganesan ◽  
C.G. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Mango Seed

Oil based fuels worldwide have not just brought about the speedy consumption of available energy sources, yet have likewise caused extreme air pollution. The quests for a substitute fuel has prompted numerous findings because of which wide assortment of alternative fuels are available now. The current investigations have revealed the utilization of vegetable oils for engines as an option for diesel fuel. Since there is a restriction in using vegetable oils in diesel engines because of their high viscosity and low volatility. In the current work, mango seed oil is converted into respective methyl ester by transesterification process. Tests are conducted using different blends of methyl ester of mango seed oil with diesel in a diesel engine. The investigation consequences demonstrated that the MEMSO biodiesel has comparable qualities to that of diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and smoke are seen to be lower in case of MEMSO biodiesel blends than diesel. Then again, BSFC and NOx of MEMSO biodiesel blends are seen as higher than diesel. It is observed that the combustion characteristics of methyl ester of mango seed oil blends seem to be similar with that of the diesel. From this investigation, it is concluded that B25 as optimized blend and could be used as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine with no engine modifications

scholarly journals The Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled Diesel Oil in Comparison with Heated Pure Vegetable Oils Available in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Ready Availability

Pure vegetable oils have the greatest promise for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines beside the depletion of conventional petroleum resources. Among various possible options, pure vegetable oils present promising of greener air substitutes for fossil fuels. Pure vegetable oils, due to the agricultural origin, liquidity, ready availability, renewability, biodegradability are able to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Also, in Vietnam, pure vegetable oils such as soybean oil (SoO100), coconut oil (CO100) and sunflower oil (SuO100) are available. The paper presents the results of using heated pure vegetable oils for diesel engine D243 with power of 80 hp (58.88) kW. The results of determining the power (Ne), specific fuel consumption (SFC) and efficiency (n) are used to evaluate the performance of engine. The results show that, the engine power (Ne) is 10%-15% lower, the SFC of engine D243 using pure vegetable oils is 3%-5% higher and the η is 2.5%-6.2% lower compared to diesel oil (DO). Among the pure vegetable oils, the best performance results for D243 diesel engine are obtained from heated pure sunflower oil up to 135oC.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Basavarajappa ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
S.V. Khandal ◽  
G. Manavendra
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission

For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions.  Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.

Optimization of mixed biofuel composition for diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Biofuels derived from vegetable oils are known to be promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. The possibility of using mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel with rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester as environmentally friendly motor fuels is considered. The practicability of changing the composition of these mixtures in accordance with the engine operating mode is shown. A technique for multicriteria optimization of the composition of such mixed biofuels is suggested. The basic characteristics of the optimal composition of these mixed biofuels are calculated. A device for regulating fuel’s composition is proposed. The basic characteristic of regulation of the blended biofuel composition realized by the device is presented. Keywords diesel engine; combustion chamber; oil diesel fuel; rapeseed oil; rapeseed oil methyl ester; biofuel mixture; ecological characteristics; exhaust gases toxicity

scholarly journals Modification of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine in Improving the Ignitability and Emissions of Diesel–Ethanol–Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Injection Strategies

Blending diesel with biofuels, such as ethanol and palm oil methyl ester (PME), enhances the fuel properties and produces improved engine performance and low emissions. However, the presence of ethanol, which has a small cetane number and low heating value, reduces the fuel ignitability. This work aimed to study the effect of injection strategies, compression ratio (CR), and air intake temperature (Ti) modification on blend ignitability, combustion characteristics, and emissions. Moreover, the best composition of diesel–ethanol–PME blends and engine modification was selected. A simulation was also conducted using Converge CFD software based on a single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition Yanmar TF90 engine parameter. Diesel–ethanol–PME blends that consist of 10% ethanol with 40% PME (D50E10B40), D50E25B25, and D50E40B10 were selected and conducted on different injection strategies, compression ratios, and intake temperatures. The results show that shortening the injection duration and increasing the injected mass has no significant effect on ignition. Meanwhile, advancing the injection timing improves the ignitability but with weak ignition energy. Therefore, increasing the compression ratio and ambient temperature helps ignite the non-combustible blends due to the high temperature and pressure. This modification allowed the mixture to ignite with a minimum CR of 20 and Ti of 350 K. Thus, blending high ethanol contents in a diesel engine can be applied by advancing the injection, increasing the CR, and increasing the ambient temperature. From the emission comparison, the most suitable mixtures that can be operated in the engine without modification is D50E25B25, and the most appropriate modification on the engine is by increasing the ambient temperature at 350 K.

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