Resting heart rate and cardiovascular death in the Chinese population sample

BackgroundResting heart rate (RHR), a known cardiovascular risk factor, changes with age. However, little is known about the association between changes in RHR and the risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the impact of RHR at baseline, and the change in RHR over time, on the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.DesignA random population sample of men born in 1943 who were living in Gothenburg, Sweden was prospectively followed for a 21-year period.MethodsParticipants were examined three times: first in 1993 and then re-examined in 2003 and 2014. At each visit, a clinical examination, an ECG and laboratory analyses were performed. Change in RHR between 1993 and 2003 was defined as a decrease if RHR decreased by 5 beats per minute (bpm), an increase if RHR increased by 5 bpm or stable if the RHR change was <4bpm).ResultsParticipants with a baseline RHR of >75 bpm in 1993 had about a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (HR 2.3, CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.018), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.8, CI 1.1 to 3.0, p=0.014) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR 2.2, CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.025) compared with those with <55 bpm in 1993. Participants with a stable RHR between 1993 and 2003 had a 44% decreased risk of CVD (HR 0.56, CI 0.35 to 0.87, p=0.011) compared with participants with an increasing RHR. Furthermore, every beat increase in heart rate from 1993 was associated with a 3% higher risk for all-cause death, 1% higher risk for CVD and 2% higher risk for CHD.ConclusionHigh RHR was associated with an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events in men from the general population. Moreover, individuals with an increase in RHR between 50 and 60 years of age had worse outcome.

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The association of resting heart rate and mortality by gender in a rural adult Chinese population: a cohort study with a 6-year follow-up

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-016-0760-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chengyi Han ◽

Ming Zhang ◽

Xinping Luo ◽

Chongjian Wang ◽

Junmei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Resting Heart Rate

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Resting heart rate in the supine and sitting positions as predictors of mortality in an elderly Chinese population

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/hjh.0000000000002134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 2024-2031 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fei-Ka Li ◽

Chang-Sheng Sheng ◽

Dong-Yan Zhang ◽

De-Wei An ◽

Jian-Feng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Predictors Of Mortality ◽

Elderly Chinese

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Resting heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals at high cardiovascular risk analysis from the ONTARGET/TRANSCEND trials

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehy808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 231-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael Böhm ◽

Helmut Schumacher ◽

Koon K Teo ◽

Eva M Lonn ◽

Felix Mahfoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

High Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Aims Resting heart rate (RHR) has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes in various conditions. It is unknown whether different levels of RHR and different associations with cardiovascular outcomes occur in patients with or without diabetes, because the impact of autonomic neuropathy on vascular vulnerability might be stronger in diabetes. Methods and results We examined 30 937 patients aged 55 years or older with a history of or at high risk for cardiovascular disease and after myocardial infarction, stroke, or with proven peripheral vascular disease from the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND trials investigating ramipril, telmisartan, and their combination followed for a median of 56 months. We analysed the association of mean achieved RHR on-treatment with the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, the components of the composite primary outcome, and all-cause death as continuous and categorical variables. Data were analysed by Cox regression analysis, ANOVA, and χ2 test. These trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov.number NCT00153101. Patients were recruited from 733 centres in 40 countries between 1 December 2001 and 31 July 2008 (ONTARGET) and 1 November 2001 until 30 May 2004 (TRANSCEND). In total, 19 450 patients without diabetes and 11 487 patients with diabetes were stratified by mean RHR. Patients with diabetes compared to no diabetes had higher RHRs (71.8 ± 9.0 vs. 67.9 ± 8.8, P < 0.0001). In the categories of <60 bpm, 60 ≤ 65 bpm, 65 ≤ 70 bpm, 70 ≤ 75 bpm, 75 ≤ 80 bpm and ≥80 bpm, non-diabetic patients had an increased hazard of the primary outcome with mean RHR of 75 ≤ 80 bpm (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.17 (1.01–1.36)) compared to RHR 60 ≤ 65 bpm. For patients with in-trial RHR ≥80 bpm the hazard ratios were highest (diabetes: 1.96 (1.64–2.34), no diabetes: 1.73 (1.49–2.00), For cardiovascular death hazards were also clearly increased at RHR ≥80 bpm (diabetes [1.99, (1.53–2.58)], no diabetes [1.73 (1.38–2.16)]. Similar results were obtained for hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause death while the effect of RHR on myocardial infarction and stroke was less pronounced. Results were robust after adjusting for various risk indicators including beta-blocker use and atrial fibrillation. No significant association to harm was observed at lower RHR. Conclusion Mean RHR above 75–80 b.p.m. was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes except for stroke. Since in diabetes, high RHR is associated with higher absolute event numbers and patients have higher RHRs, this association might be of particular clinical importance in diabetes. These data suggest that RHR lowering in patients with RHRs above 75–80 b.p.m. needs to be studied in prospective trials to determine if it will reduce outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk. Clinical Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov.Unique identifier: NCT00153101.

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Increased resting heart rate and glucose metabolism in a community population

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211053754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 030006052110537

Author(s):

Wei Wenting ◽

Jia Yeran ◽

Zhan Wenfeng ◽

Li Faping ◽

Zhang Pingyou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Community Population

Objective Resting heart rate (RHR) independently predicts cardiovascular death. Increased RHR is related to chronic diseases, but community-based studies are rare. We investigated this population and factors related to RHR. Methods In total, 374 participants underwent medical examinations from March 2019 to December 2019. Participants were divided into groups with low RHR (LRHR; <65 beats/minute) and high RHR (HRHR; ≥65 beats/minute). RHR was judged using resting electrocardiogram at physical examination. We conducted laboratory examinations, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and blood lipids, among participants with chronic diseases. We used Cox proportional risk regression and multivariate analyses for the following covariates: previous chronic diseases, body mass index (BMI), smoking, blood lipids, and FPG. Results The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HbA1c values were both significantly higher in the HRHR group than in the LRHR group. Spearman correlation analysis showed RHR had a positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein, BMI, FPG, and HbA1c (r = 0.104574, 0.117266, 0.116041, and 0.311761, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed age, hypertension, T2DM, and HbA1c were factors influencing RHR. Conclusion RHR showed strong correlation with T2DM and HbA1c in our community population, suggesting that RHR may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

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Resting Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Outcomes during Intensive and Standard Blood Pressure Reduction: An Analysis from SPRINT Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3264

Author(s):

Piotr Sobieraj ◽

Maciej Siński ◽

Jacek Lewandowski

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Reduction ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

The association between elevated resting heart rate (RHR) as a cardiovascular risk factor and lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to currently recommended values remain unknown. Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) data obtained from the NHLBI were used to describe the relationship between RHR and SBP reduction to <120 mmHg compared to SBP reduction to <140 mmHg. The composite clinical endpoint (CE) was defined as myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, decompensation of heart failure, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Increased RHR was associated with a higher CE risk compared with low RHR in both treatment arms. A more potent increase of risk for CE was observed in subjects who were allocated to the SBP < 120 mmHg treatment goal. A similar effect of intensive and standard blood pressure (BP) reduction (p for interaction, 0.826) was observed in subjects with RHR in the 5th quintile (hazard ratio, 0.78, with 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–1.11) and in other quintiles of baseline RHR (hazard ratio, 0.75, with 95% CI, 0.62–0.90). Lower in-trial than baseline RHR was associated with reduced CE risk (hazard ratio, 0.80, with 95% CI, 0.66–0.98). We concluded that elevated RHR remains an essential risk factor independent of SBP reduction.

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Regional Frontal Lobe Response Magnitudes During Affective Shifting Covary With Resting Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan Smith ◽

John J.B. Allen ◽

Julian F. Thayer ◽

Richard D. Lane

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Cardiac Vagal Control ◽

Resting Heart Rate Variability

Abstract. We hypothesized that in healthy subjects differences in resting heart rate variability (rHRV) would be associated with differences in emotional reactivity within the medial visceromotor network (MVN). We also probed whether this MVN-rHRV relationship was diminished in depression. Eleven healthy adults and nine depressed subjects performed the emotional counting stroop task in alternating blocks of emotion and neutral words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The correlation between rHRV outside the scanner and BOLD signal reactivity (absolute value of change between adjacent blocks in the BOLD signal) was examined in specific MVN regions. Significant negative correlations were observed between rHRV and average BOLD shift magnitude (BSM) in several MVN regions in healthy subjects but not depressed subjects. This preliminary report provides novel evidence relating emotional reactivity in MVN regions to rHRV. It also provides preliminary suggestive evidence that depression may involve reduced interaction between the MVN and cardiac vagal control.

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