Children who avoid drinking cow’s milk are at increased risk for prepubertal bone fractures

2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Goulding ◽  
Jennifer E.P. Rockell ◽  
Ruth E. Black ◽  
Andrea M. Grant ◽  
Ianthe E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Increased Risk

Growth of Escherichia coli and Concentration of Iron in an Infant Feeding Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1074
Author(s):  
Robert S. Baltimore ◽  
John S. Vecchitto ◽  
Howard A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Increased Risk

Iron deficiency reaches epidemic proportions in infants, particularly those of low socioeconomic status.1 In an attempt to decrease the frequency of this deficiency, iron fortification of infant cereals and cow's milk formulas has been advocated.2 Although the prevention of iron deficiency is a valid nutritional goal, concern has recently been voiced about possible detrimental effects of iron supplementation.3,1 This concern has been based on studies indicating an association between hyperferremia and serious infection,3,6 and also by denionstrations that the bacteriostatic properties of serum and milk can be abolished by the addition of iron.7,8 These findings have been extrapolated into suggestions that the iron supplementation of cow's milk formulas might predispose the infants consuming them to an increased risk of bacterial infection and even that ironcontaining formulas might be contraindicated.4

scholarly journals Safety of Cow’s Milk-Derived Fortifiers Used with an All-Human Milk Base Diet in Very Low Birthweight Preterm Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alan Lucas ◽  
Maushumi Assad ◽  
Jan Sherman ◽  
John Boscardin ◽  
Steven Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Very Low Birthweight ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preterm Formula ◽  
The Impact

Background: Very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants fed mothers own milk (MOM) need nutritional supplementation, traditionally achieved with cow’s milk derived fortifier (CMDF) and preterm formula (PTF) if MOM is insufficient. CM products have been associated with diverse major morbidities. The current recommendation is to preferentially replace PTF with donor milk (DM) to produce a 100% human milk (HM) base diet, usually fortified with CMDF. Objective: To identify whether CMDF, even when fed with a 100% HM base diet, is related to an increased risk of major morbidities. Methods: We identified a randomized trial with an all-HM base diet, comparing CMDF with a fortifier derived from human milk (HMDF), and two additional studies of this design were generated from raw data as subgroup analyses of a randomized controlled trial and a quasi-experimental study. Using these studies, we calculated the impact of CMDF on major morbidities of death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Results: Each study individually provided support for an increase in major morbidities with CMDF. Meta-analyses of pooled data showed that compared to HMDF, the CMDF group had large in- creases in NEC (RR = 3.3; P = .001), ROP (RR = 2.2; P = .007), PDA (RR = 1.6; P = .009), interruption of feeding (RR = 3.4; P = .001) and a positive mortality/morbidity index based on one or more of death, NEC, sepsis, ROP and BPD (RR = 1.4; P = .006). Conclusions: Despite the increased use of HM in modern neonatal care as a base diet, we found a greater risk of critical morbidities with CMDF compared with HMDF. This burden of morbidity provides evidence that the benefits of an HM base diet, might be, in part, counteracted by multiple adverse outcomes relating to the use of CMDF.

Multiple Bone Fractures in an 8-Year-Old Child with Cow’s Milk Allergy and Inappropriate Calcium Supplementation

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Monti ◽  
Valentina Libanore ◽  
Letizia Marinaro ◽  
Roberto Lala ◽  
Roberto Miniero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy ◽  
Multiple Bone Fractures

scholarly journals Oral food challenge in IgE mediated food allergy in eastern Mediterranean children

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Hilal Unsal ◽  
Gokce Ozyilmaz Bozat ◽  
Melike Ocak ◽  
Aysegul Akarsu ◽  
Umit Murat Sahiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Oral Food Challenge ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Ige Mediated

Background: The oral food challenge (OFC) in IgE mediated food allergy causes anxiety both in parents and in patients due to its inherent risks.Objective: Documentation of the rate, spectrum, and predictors of positive reactions is instructive.Methods: Children, who underwent OFC between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 were analyzed.Results: A total of 1361 OFCs in 613 cases were reviewed. Most of them were performed in preschool children (≤2 years 50%) and 55% of them had more than one OFC. Mainly consid-ered food groups were cow’s milk (31.8%), hen’s egg (28.5%), tree nuts (20%), legumes (7%), seeds (4.9%), and wheat (2.7%). The overall OFC positivity was 9.6%, whereas 6.7% with cow’s milk, 4.9% with hen’s egg, 16.1% with tree nuts, 21.6% with wheat, and 32.8% with seeds. The severity scoring revealed grade I (24.4%), II (45.8%), and III (29.7%) reactions. Fifty (38%) cases required epinephrine and four cases required hospitalization. OFCs with sesame seeds (odds ratio [OR]: 7.747, [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 4.03–14.90]), wheat (OR: 3.80, [CI: 1.64–8.84]), and tree nuts (OR: 2.78, [CI: 1.83–4.23]) predicted a positive OFC while a concomitant asthma (OR: 3.61 [CI: 1.27–10.28]) was more likely to elicit anaphylaxis.Conclusion: In OFC practice, priority is given to basic nutritional sources and the most frequent food allergens, where preschool children with multiple sensitizations are the primary subjects. Increased risks of positive reactions with sesame, tree nut, and wheat and increased risk of anaphylaxis with concomitant asthma should be considered while performing OFC.

scholarly journals Lifetime Impact of Cow’s Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Bodo C. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling

The consumption of cow’s milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow’s milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow’s milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow’s milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.

scholarly journals ‘MILK VOLUME, MILK FAT AND CHILDHOOD FRACTURE RISK

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e12-e12
Author(s):  
Riley Allison ◽  
Jonathon Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BACKGROUND Children who do not consume cow’s milk have been associated with an increased risk of fracture. Cow’s milk is consumed by most North American children yet the relationships between the volume of cow’s milk consumed, the fat content of cow’s milk and childhood fracture risk are unclear. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate whether volume of cow’s milk consumed between ages 1 - 3 was associated with fracture between ages 3 - 10. Secondary objectives explored whether milk-fat consumed between ages 1 - 3 was associated with fracture between ages 3 - 10 and whether milk-fat content modified the relationship between milk volume and fracture. DESIGN/METHODS This was a prospective analysis of 2466 healthy urban children with exposure between 1 and 3 years of age and outcome between 3 and 10 years of age enrolled in the TARGet Kids! -Applied Research Group for Kids cohort. The primary exposure was the volume of cow’s milk consumed and the secondary exposure was the average percentage of milk-fat consumed by each child. The outcome was one or more fractures experienced, measured as yes or no. A modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate the relationship between volume of cow’s milk at exposure, and one or more fractures at outcome. The same analysis was used to explore the relationship between cow’s milk-fat and fracture. Effect modification by milk-fat consumed on the relationship between milk volume and fracture risk was explored by adding an interaction term to the statistical model. RESULTS In the primary adjusted analysis, a statistically significant association between the volume of cow’s milk consumed at exposure and risk of one or more fractures at outcome was not observed (aRR= 1.04; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.26). In the secondary analysis, a statistically significant association between cow’s milk-fat consumed at exposure and fracture risk at outcome was also not observed (aRR= 1.05; 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.31). Cow’s milk-fat did not modify the relationship between milk volume and risk of fracture. (p= 0.24). CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort study of young children, we did not identify a protective effect of early childhood volume of cow’s milk or milk-fat consumption on fracture risk in later childhood. Future research in young children is needed to evaluate specific low impact fracture mechanisms, which may be more sensitive to nutritional factors.

scholarly journals Selenium Modulates the Allergic Response to Whey Protein in a Mouse Model for Cow’s Milk Allergy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Suzan Thijssen ◽  
Hongbing Chen ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
Leon M. J. Knippels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy ◽  
Increased Risk

Cow’s milk allergy is a common food allergy in infants, and is associated with an increased risk of developing other allergic diseases. Dietary selenium (Se), one of the essential micronutrients for humans and animals, is an important bioelement which can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the effects of Se on food allergy are still largely unknown. In the current study it was investigated whether dietary Se supplementation can inhibit whey-induced food allergy in an animal research model. Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were intragastrically sensitized with whey protein and cholera toxin and randomly assigned to receive a control, low, medium or high Se diet. Acute allergic symptoms, allergen specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and mast cell degranulation were determined upon whey challenge. Body temperature was significantly higher in mice that received the medium Se diet 60 min after the oral challenge with whey compared to the positive control group, which is indicative of impaired anaphylaxis. This was accompanied by reductions in antigen-specific immunoglobulins and reduced levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). This study demonstrates that oral Se supplementation may modulate allergic responses to whey by decreasing specific antibody responses and mMCP-1 release.

scholarly journals Consumer Behaviour of Seniors on the Cow’s Milk Market in Slovakia: Silver Persuading Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Alexandra Krivosikova ◽  
Jana Rybanska ◽  
Ludmila Nagyova ◽  
Andrej Geci
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Sugar ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Seniors are usually perceived as an unattractive segment, mostly due to their limited spending power. In Slovakia, the number of seniors has continuously been increasing. The population has been growing older. In Europe, more than a quarter of the population is expected to be aged 65 years or older by 2050. That is the main reason why we have to understand the consumer behaviour and decision-making processes of senior consumers. The presented paper deals with the consumer behaviour of seniors on the Slovak market of cow’s milk since it is the most commonly consumed type of milk in Slovakia. Opinions of nutrition specialists differ on whether it is beneficial or not for humans to consume milk. However, in general, milk is considered to be an essential component of the diet not only for children but also for adults and especially for seniors because of its high nutrition value. Milk and dairy products should be a daily part of the seniors’ diet. Since older people no longer have the necessary enzyme (lactase) to break down milk sugar (lactose), it is recommended to consume milk products that no longer contain milk sugar, but that lactic acid is produced by fermentation. Sour milk products such as curd, yoghurt or kefir have a beneficial effect on stomach, intestines and also the immune system. Long-term insufficiency of calcium intake causes osteoporosis – a disease that manifests itself in bone loss and structural disorders. It leads to increased fracturing of the bones and thus an increased risk of health complications resulting from there. This study explores senior consumers’ preferences for milk and their decision-making strategies on the market of cow’s milk. The study is oriented primarily on visual cues catching the attention of consumers. Anonymous survey was conducted on a sample of 470 senior respondents (210 males and 260 females) aged 61 – 84. Using selected psychological tools and a short questionnaire it was found out that Slovak seniors prefer traditional motives and bright colours on the milk packaging, they highly prioritise price over quality of milk products and in comparison with young adults, they are loyal to chosen products or brands. Seniors who score higher on the scale of neuroticism personality trait state that the packaging of milk products is significant for their decisions. Seniors with higher emotional stability tend to experiment more on the market of milk. Keywords cow’s milk, seniors, consumer behaviour, packaging, persuading techniques.

scholarly journals The effect of diet in infancy on asthma in young adults: the Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215040
Author(s):  
Sadiyah Hand ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Ken Jones ◽  
Iolo Doull
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionEarly infant diet might influence the risk of subsequent allergic disease.MethodsThe Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study (MAPS) was a randomised controlled trial in infants at high risk of allergic disease. The trial determined whether a cow’s milk exclusion diet for the first 4 months of life decreased the risk of allergic disease including asthma compared with a normal diet. A soya milk preparation was offered to those in the intervention group. A standardised questionnaire for allergic disease was completed at ages 1, 7, 15 and 23 years, with clinical assessment at 1, 7 and 23 years. The effect of the intervention on the risk of atopy, asthma and wheeze at age 23 years was determined.Findings487 subjects entered the study; at age 23 years 299 completed the questionnaire, of which 119 attended clinical assessment. Subjects randomised to the intervention group had a significantly increased risk of atopy (adjusted OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.80; p=0.01) and asthma (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.09 to 3.91; p=0.03) at age 23 years, but not wheeze (OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.87 to 2.37; p=0.16). Earlier exposure to cow’s milk was associated with a decreased risk of wheeze and asthma at age 23 years, while earlier exposure to soya milk was associated with an increased risk of atopy and asthma.InterpretationIn infants at high risk of allergic disease, either cow’s milk exclusion or early soya milk introduction for the first 4 months of life increases the risk of atopy, wheeze and asthma in adulthood.

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