scholarly journals The impact of adoption of artificial pollination technology in cocoa production: Evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 100208
Author(s):  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa ◽  
Isaac Akurugu Apike ◽  
Suresh Babu ◽  
Dadson Awunyo-Vitor ◽  
Afrane Baffour Kyei
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Pollination ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

El Nino spells multiple humanitarian crises for Africa

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Subject Outlook for El Nino in sub-Saharan Africa. Significance The current El Nino weather system, one of the three strongest since 1950, is causing drought in some areas and flooding in others. Past instances have resulted in significant drops in agricultural production, livestock deaths, infrastructure damage and lost income. Together with likely higher incidence of disease, similar effects could trigger humanitarian crises across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Impacts Poor sanitation infrastructure in many major SSA cities will facilitate the spread of water-borne diseases such as cholera. In Southern Africa, strong institutions overseeing intra-regional water sharing will limit prospects for diplomatic disputes over water. Unusual rain and wind patterns in West Africa could curb cocoa production, creating shortages that will push up global prices. Likely lower agricultural output across SSA will compound the impact of low commodity prices on cooling GDP growth.

The impact of climate change on cocoa production in West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ofori-Boateng ◽  
Baba Insah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The study aimed at examining the current and future impact of climate change on cocoa production in West Africa. Design/methodology/approach – A translog production function based on crop yield response framework was used. A panel model was estimated using data drawn from cocoa-producing countries in West Africa. An in-sample simulation was used to determine the predictive power of the model. In addition, an out-sample simulation revealed the effect of future trends of temperature and precipitation on cocoa output. Findings – Temperature and precipitation play a considerable role in cocoa production in West Africa. It was established that extreme temperature adversely affected cocoa output in the sub-region. Furthermore, increasing temperature and declining precipitation trends will reduce cocoa output in the future. Practical implications – An important implication of this study is the recognition that lagging effects are the determinants of cocoa output and not coincident effects. This finds support from the agronomic point of view considering the gestation period of the cocoa crop. Originality/value – Although several studies have been carried out in this area, this study modeled and estimated the interacting effects of factors that influence cocoa production. This is closer to reality, as climatic factors and agricultural inputs combine to yield output.

scholarly journals Yield Performance of Some Promising Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) at Dry Climate Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Bayu Setyawan ◽  
Indah Anita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Special Adaptation ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

El Nino effect as impact from global climate change needed anticipation effectively to keep cocoa production still give farmer benefit because effect of long dry season make some trouble in cocoa production. Cocoa production technology package that suitable in dry land needed for sustainable and empowerment cocoa production in marginal dry land. Principal component of this technology package is superior planting material because success of cocoa production depend on accuracy of selecting planting material. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute consistently carries out cocoa breeding programs aimed at overcoming problems in the field, specifically to obtain superior planting material that is tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. This research method was carried out by observing 22 promising clones of cocoa that were planted in the Kaliwining experimental station in the 2013-2017 observation period, each clone planted in three blocks. The observed variables included estimation of production, resistance to VSD, helopeltis, and pod rot. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that ICCRI 09 had a stable production performance from 2013 - 2017 while the promising clone of KW 641 had a special adaptation to dry conditions. Both of these clones have the potential to be developed as drought tolerant planting material to overcome the impact of climate change on cocoa production. The observation results of pest and disease attacks obtained a pattern that the clones that have tolerance to drought have good resistance to VSD.

Ivorian fiscal consolidation plans face multiple risks

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Risks ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact

Subject Ivory Coast economic update. Significance The post-civil war growth spurt is expected to taper to around 7% per annum over the medium-term, from an average of 9% during 2012-16. While this partly reflects a gradual slowdown in productivity, it also underscores the influence of public investment on Ivory Coast's growth. With public investment expected to decline, the most likely source of near-term growth is foreign direct investment (FDI), which picked up last year, albeit from a low base. Impacts Government revenues may decline as petrol taxes are reduced to absorb the impact on pump prices of a recent spike in oil prices. Ivory Coast-Ghana proposals on synchronising cocoa production will likely be overshadowed by smuggling and a lack of political will. Apart from Niger, all countries in WAEMU will meet the bloc's fiscal targets on time.

scholarly journals Cocoa Production in Ghana (1879-1976)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Mariama Marciana Kuusaana ◽  
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cocoa production has been a major source of income and revenue to many citizens and the governor of Ghana respectively through time. Historically, although attributed to Tetteh Quarshie, records have shown that prior to Tetteh Quarshie’s achievement, the Dutch and Basel Missionaries had experimented with the crop in the Gold Coast. Since its introduction in the country, cocoa production has expanded and spread across all the regions in Ghana. The production of cocoa has affected every facet of development in the country since its inception and has once led Ghana to be world’s major exporter of the beans. Cocoa production in Ghana has gone beyond its agricultural and economic significance with its impacts felt across socio-cultural, religious and political life of Ghanaians. That notwithstanding, scholars have made partial effort at addressing the impact of cocoa production among Ghanaians between 1879 and 1976. Using a qualitative approach rooted in both primary and secondary sources, the current study sought to address the gap aforementioned by tracing the relationship between cocoa production and economics, politics and social-religious practices among Ghanaian between 1879 and 1976. Findings from the discourse revealed that though an agricultural product, cocoa can no longer be said to belong to that sphere alone. The product and its associated gains have permeated the entire life of Ghanaians since its inception.

Influence of organic cocoa agroforestry on soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields of smallholders’ cocoa farms, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael Asigbaase ◽  
Barry H. Lomax ◽  
Evans Dawoe ◽  
Sofie Sjogersten
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The success of sustainable Theobroma cacao (cocoa) production depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soils on which they are established but these are possibly moderated by the management approach that farmers adopt. We assessed and compared soil physico-chemical properties of young, mature and old organic and conventional cocoa agroforestry systems at two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and evaluated the production of cocoa pods, banana and plantain in the two farm types. Cocoa farms under organic management had 20, 81, 88 and 323% higher stocks of soil organic carbon, P, Mn and Cu, respectively, compared to those under conventional management. Higher soil moisture content, electrical conductivity and pH were found on organic systems than the conventional farms. Annual cocoa pod production per tree was similar in both cocoa systems (Org. 10.1 ± 1.1 vs Con. 10.1 ± 0.6 pods per tree). The annual production of banana and plantain was higher on organic farms (186.3 ± 34.70 kg ha−1 yr−1) than conventional systems (31.6 ± 9.58 kg ha−1 yr−1). We concluded that organic management of cocoa agroforestry systems result in soils with the greater overall quality for cocoa production than conventional management and it increases the yield of co-products. Studies focusing on the impact of organic management on cocoa agroforestry systems at the landscape and regional scales are urgently needed to further deepen our understanding and support policy.

scholarly journals Cocoa Production Stability in Relation to Changing Rainfall and Temperature in East Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Edi Santosa ◽  
Ginanjar Pramudya Sakti ◽  
Muhamad Zainul Fattah ◽  
Sofyan Zaman ◽  
Ade Wahjar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Climate change as indicated by rising temperature and changing rainfall pattern has been known to affect cacao production in many production countries. However, studies on the effects of rainfall and temperature variability on the cacao production are rarely reported in Indonesia. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the stability of cocoa production in relation to rainfall and temperature variability in order to develop sustainable production under climate change scenario. Research was conducted at a state owned company in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia from February to June 2015. Production and climatic data of 2010-2015 were evaluated using simple regression and correlation analysis. Results revealed that productivity fluctuated among months and among years. However, the fluctuation among months (s2 = 117.076) was lower than among years (s2 = 311.225). Rainfall and temperature showed variability among months and among years; and the fluctuation among months was lower in both rainfall and temperature. Rainfall at one to four months before harvest correlated with production (r=0.400-0.671; P= 0.000 to 0.001) and temperature at two to four months before harvest determined cocoa production (r=0.371-0.412; P=0.001-0.003). High monthly cocoa production coincided with decreasing temperature and rainfall for 4 to 5 months during pod development. The presented study implies that both short and long term strategies should be implemented under climatic variability to sustain cocoa production. It is recommended to apply production technology to stabilize micro climate temperature and to minimize the impact of high rainfall such as shade plant and canopy manipulation.

Cocoa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
West African ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

Cocoa production has, over the years since its discovery, assumed an important role in shaping the economic, social, and political structures of cocoa-producing countries, particularly in West Africa. Not only has it done so at a local level, but it has also defined the place of West African producing countries in the global economy. Over the years, cocoa evolved to become an integral part of many cultures. Generally, cocoa is produced in the tropical and subtropical regions. It is distinctly selective to climate and soil and is very susceptible to pests and diseases. This regional exactitude significantly shaped global cocoa marketing and consumption during the course of the evolution of the industry, in which cocoa was produced for markets in temperate countries. The dynamics that triggered and were triggered by cocoa production at all levels—locally, regionally, and globally—offer essential analytical pathways in approaching the development debate in Africa. Various scholarly works examine the origins and significance of cocoa production in West African societies, economies, and politics. They engage debates on the impact of cocoa production on capital accumulation, class formation, regional economic integration, gender relations, and the environment.

scholarly journals Export Function of Cocoa Production, Exchange Rate Volatility and Prices in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaba David Alori ◽  
Adebayo Augustine Kutu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the export function of cocoa production and determined the impact of exchange rates and price volatility on the exportation of cocoa in Nigeria. The Phillips-Perron (PP) and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) methodologies were employed to analyse the time series data that spanning from 1970:01 to 2016:12. The PP and ADF unit root tests findings indicated that none of the variables was stationary at levels (I (0)) however, after the first difference I (1) they became stationary. At 5%, the OLS results showed that all the variables were statistically significant in analysing the effects of exchange rates and price volatility on the value of cocoa production in Nigeria. The price of cocoa in the international market and the value of exchange rates play a significant role in cocoa exports growth in Nigeria. Further, findings from the SVAR showed that an increase in the price of cocoa would increase cocoa production and cocoa export growth in Nigeria, while the exchange rate volatility would affect cocoa export growth in Nigeria. The result further revealed that the shocks to exchange rate accounted for the greater volatility (positively significant for the entire period) to the value of cocoa exported, as against other variables in the model. Based on those findings, the paper, therefore, recommends that there should be a free exchange rate market determination, in order to enhance the export growth and increase cocoa output in Nigeria.

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