Who should lead raw materials collection considering regulatory pressure and technological innovation？

2021 ◽  
pp. 126762
Author(s):  
Cuihua Zhang ◽  
Ruxia Lyu ◽  
Zhitang Li ◽  
Simeon J. MacMillen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regulatory Pressure

scholarly journals How environmental regulation affects China’s rare earth export?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250407
Author(s):  
An Pan ◽  
Shuangshuang Feng ◽  
Xinyuan Hu ◽  
Yaya Li
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Rare Earth

China’s rare earth export trade has developed so rapidly since 1990s that China has gradually occupied a leading position in the international market. However, this fast development was proceeding at the cost of the rare earth energy consumption and environmental devastation. Now China begins to attach great importance to environmental protection, which attracts many researchers. This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental regulation on China’s rare earth export trade. And the original study is amongst the few to examine the relationship between environmental regulation and China’s rare earth export with the product-level data. Different from previous studies, this paper selects China’s rare earth export data from 1995 to 2015 and introduces product heterogeneity based on the rare earth production process. Moreover, this study uses the entropy weight method to measure the intensity of environmental regulation. The core conclusions are as follows: (1) Environmental regulation significantly promotes rather than restrains China’s rare earth export. (2) According to the rare earth production process, this paper divides rare earth products into 3 kinds, that is, rare earth raw materials, rare earth useful components and rare earth end-use applications. Then, it is found that rare earth useful component export in processing and smelting is positively affected by environmental regulation. Rare earth raw materials and end-use applications in China’s export are hardly affected. (3) Technological innovation has a mediating effect on the impact mechanism of environmental regulation on China’s rare earth export, which means that environmental regulation significantly promotes technological innovation of enterprises, and thereby the rare earth export is increased. The findings are helpful for policymakers to resolve the issue of environmental devastation.

scholarly journals Relación entre la manufactura de frutas tropicales y la cadena de valor de bebidas no alcohólicas en Manabí-Ecuador

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Carlos Arturo Monar Merchán
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Poor Access

  La manufactura de frutas tropicales y la industria alimentaria de bebidas no alcohólicas en la provincia de Manabí-Ecuador, atraviesa por algunas restricciones como insuficiente abastecimiento de materias primas, débiles capacidades locales, deficientes prácticas de producción y transformación, poca innovación tecnológica y escaso acceso a mercados locales, nacionales e internacionales. Se buscó determinar en qué medida influye en la cadena de valor mencionada. Los instrumentos de investigación utilizados se aplicaron a una muestra de población perteneciente al Servicio de Rentas Internas del Ecuador, con el Código Industrial Internacional Unificado, de elaboración de bebidas no alcohólicas (C-11-110-4). Los resultados evidencian que la manufactura de frutas tropicales se relaciona en, alta y significativamente (0.782) con la cadena de valor de la industria alimentaria de bebidas no alcohólicas de igual manera el abastecimiento (0.491), procesos de transformación (0.606), formación del talento humano (0.597), innovación tecnológica (0.657) y canales de comercialización (0.59).   Palabras clave: cadena de valor; industria alimentaria, abastecimiento materias primas; canales de comercialización, acceso a mercados.   ABSTRACT The manufacture of tropical fruits and the food industry of non-alcoholic beverages in the province of Manabí-Ecuador, goes through some restrictions such as insufficient supply of raw materials, weak local capacities, poor production and processing practices, little technological innovation and poor access to local, national and international markets. It was sought to determine to what extent it influences the mentioned value chain. The research instruments used were applied to a sample of population belonging to the Internal Revenue Service of Ecuador, with the Unified International Industrial Code for the preparation of non-alcoholic beverages (C-11-110-4). The results show that the manufacture of tropical fruits is related in a high and significant way (0.782) to the value chain of the non-alcoholic food industry in the same way the supply (0.491), transformation processes (0.606), formation of the human talent (0.597), technological innovation (0.657) and marketing channels (0.59).   Key words: value chain; food industry; raw materials supply; marketing channels; Market access.    

The technological innovation of the blockchain and its impact on the energy sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Julieta Evangelina Sánchez Cano
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques ◽  
New Generation

The blockchain application is a technological innovation that promises to revolutionize the way to negotiate the raw materials of the oil sector, through the use of cryptographic techniques that allow the streamlining of complex transactions that are being applied in trade and business. Companies can use a new generation of transactional applications in a safe and immediate way, based on the concept and application of blockchain technology, allowing accelerating the time to value for business and business initiatives. The objective of this article is to generate reflective analysis and discussion, through the combination of an analytical methodology, structural-causal, on technological innovation called blockchain, its application and repercussions, which have the capacity to improve transactions in the energy sector thanks to its decentralized and incorruptible system. At the present, innovation and technology are important instruments to establish improvements in the growth and economic development of the energy sector, the main foundation of the global economy in many respects, since this sector is strategic for reasons of national security in all the countries of the world.

scholarly journals SWOT Analysis of China’s Ceramic Industry and the Use of Computers for Scientific and Technological Innovation Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ye Tian ◽  
Xiaobing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Ceramic Design

Chinese ceramics have a long history and have been deeply recognized by the world after centuries of changes. The current world ceramic industry is diversified. Under this background, there is a huge challenge to the development of Chinese ceramics. The update of materials, the participation of computers in ceramic design, and the demonstration of ingredients all constitute technological factors that cannot be ignored in the development of the ceramic industry. Therefore, this study uses the SWOT analysis method to analyze the development of Chinese ceramics, puts forward its advantages and disadvantages, opportunities, and threats, and under the background of advanced technology, and how to use computer software to demonstrate raw materials and color matching to make Chinese ceramics. The development achieves the goal of self-improvement and then completes the upgrade of its production process and production. Through the research of this study, it is found that the current development of China’s ceramic industry should be good at using SWOT analysis, face up to its shortcomings and pressure from other ceramic production areas in the world, give full play to its advantages, maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses, and use technological innovation, combined with technical factors from other disciplines, to promote ceramic industry design and production capabilities and provide a reference for the current ceramic industry development.

The United States: Emulating and Surpassing Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
World War ◽  
Resource Endowment

In this chapter, we focus on the rise of the United States as a two-stage process. In the first stage the United States acquired dominance in mass-production industries that were contingent on not only technological innovation but also an unusually rich resource endowment and an equally distinctive domestic market. U.S. economic growth emulated Britain’s coal-centric trajectory and outdid it by the end of the nineteenth century. As electricity and petroleum began to be utilized in the latter part of the nineteenth century, they reshaped the nature of American industry, heating, and transportation, pushing the nation ahead of the rest of the world. Technological innovation and power-driven machinery increasingly provided the intermittent stimuli needed for the United States to fully embrace carbon-based energy sources that initially were relatively inexpensive. At the same time the large domestic market made increases in the scale of production possible, and the nature of United States’ resource endowment ensured that raw materials were inexpensive. The combination of innovation, cheap raw materials (including energy), and a very large domestic market pushed the United States into an economic leadership position by World War I. But the second stage of the process, the rise to world technological leadership, did not begin until after World War II because it was based on science, and it took longer for the United States to acquire the lead in scientific research. Centrality in technology innovation, science, and world economic growth followed.

scholarly journals A circular approach to technological innovation with waste from the agri-industrial supply chain

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Corrado Carbonaro ◽  
Roberto Giordano ◽  
Jacopo Andreotti ◽  
Denis Faruku
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Work Method ◽  
By Products

Today’s construction sector is able to act as a catalyst for circular processes in synergy with various industrial supply chains, including those that include the reuse of plant by-products, which can potentially be used as secondary raw materials (SRM). These processes fall within a research cluster described through four projects, articulated on the basis of an experimental work method, performance monitoring and assessment of environmental impact. The activities of the cluster have led to collaboration between companies and universities, laying the foundations for process and product innovation, highlighting the need to implement tools and policies to streamline SRM recovery and storage chains.

scholarly journals Application of Finnish energy saving and emission reduction technology in glass industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 01066
Author(s):  
Pingyuan Zhao ◽  
Xiujuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Glass Technology

Finland has formed a unique energy saving and emission reduction concept in the process of realizing the leap from agriculture to industrialization, which has been shown in the utilization of raw materials, optimizing fuel structure, recovering waste heat and waste disposal. These concepts and aspects have been widely used in the glass industry, from the early glass technology reform to the present stage of technological innovation for the development of Finnish glass industry to provide an important guarantee. Finland experience provides experience and reference for the development of glass industry in China, which has important strategic significance in the increasingly severe environment of energy crisis.

scholarly journals Assessing the Legitimacy of Technological Innovation in the Public Sphere: Recovering Raw Materials from Waste Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9408
Author(s):  
Marlous Blankesteijn ◽  
Bart Bossink
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Output Legitimacy

This paper researches legitimacy creation in a publicly-funded trajectory of innovative technological development. It develops a framework of input, throughput and output legitimacy. The framework is developed based on a review of the literature on the creation of legitimacy in innovative technological development. The framework assists in further exploring the potential of the integrated assessment of the legitimacy of technological innovation trajectories in the public sphere, in terms of (1) public accountability (ensuring input legitimacy); (2) science, technology and innovation policy (ensuring throughput legitimacy); and (3) the potential for the implementation of the technology itself in practical contexts (ensuring output legitimacy). The framework is used to analyze a case study about the publicly-funded development of innovative technology for the retrieval of raw materials from waste water. Theoretically, the value of a more processual approach to the conceptualization of legitimacy becomes apparent. Furthermore, the framework assists in the development of practical recommendations on the ways in which to optimize the legitimacy in an earlier stage in the innovation’s trajectory. However, due attention should also be paid to the role of regulatory arrangements in the optimization of the legitimacy of publicly-funded technological innovation. This is an avenue for further research.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Crystallization of barium hexaferrite

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
Chung-kook Lee ◽  
Yolande Berta ◽  
Robert F. Speyer
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
High Density Magnetic Recording ◽  
Temperature Heat Treatment

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a promising candidate for high density magnetic recording media due to its superior magnetic properties. For particulate recording media, nano-sized single crystalline powders with a narrow size distribution are a primary application requirement. The glass-crystallization method is preferred because of the controllability of crystallization kinetics, hence, particle size and size distribution. A disadvantage of this method is the need to melt raw materials at high temperatures with non-reactive crucibles, e.g. platinum. However, in this work, we have shown that crystal growth of barium hexaferrite occurred during low temperature heat treatment of raw batches.

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