Biochar-based water treatment systems as a potential low-cost and sustainable technology for clean water provision

2017 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 732-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep ◽  
Fungai N.D. Mukome
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Thi Hoa Trinh ◽  
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ◽  
Kim Thoa Bui ◽  
Thi Uyen Dang ◽  
Xuan Huan Nguyen

Iron oxide is a good and inexpensive adsorbent for arsenic (As) compounds and other heavy metals in water (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn). Waste sludge from water treatment plant, which is highly in iron content, can be considered as a great adsorbent. Utilizing this waste as material for water treatment would get benefits on not only environment but also energy, resources and social economy. This study describes experiments to produce arsenic adsorbent material from waste sludge taken from Ha Dinh water treatment plant by using glass water, Fe(NO3)3 and heat to modify and enrich iron content. This process aims to make a good material for filtration and sorption of As. Other effects of pH, time, adsorbent mass, and adsorbate concentration are also considered. The processes are successful in removing Arsenic ion clearly. Initial As sample of 1000μg/L, contact time 4 hours, material 1 g/L, the efficiency is 99.64%. Treated water is under national technical regulation on domestic water quality (QCVN 02:2009/BYT column I), where column I is applicable to water provision units. Research also starts to make material particles, which are more favorable to practical application. These adsorbent productions after modification are beneficial with low-cost and environment-friendly advantages. Oxít sắt là một chất hấp phụ tốt và rẻ trong việc loại bỏ các hợp chất asen (As) và một số kim loại nặng khác trong nước (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn). Trong khi đó, bùn thải từ các nhà máy xử lí nước giàu thành phần sắt, có thể xem là một vật liệu hấp phụ tốt. Việc tận dụng bùn thải này làm vật liệu xử lý ô nhiễm không chỉ đem lại những lợi ích cho môi trường mà còn về mặt tài nguyên, năng lượng và kinh tế xã hội. Báo cáo này trình bày cách chế tạo vật liệu từ bùn thải của nhà máy xử lý nước cấp Hạ Đình thành vật liệu xử lý ô nhiễm asen bằng cách sử dụng thủy tinh lỏng, Fe(NO3)3 và nhiệt để biến tính làm tăng hàm lượng sắt trong bùn thải, tạo vật liệu tốt cho quá trình lọc và hấp phụ As. Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng tới hiệu suất hấp phụ như pH, thời gian, khối lượng chất hấp phụ, và nồng độ As cũng được đưa ra đánh giá. Việc loại bỏ As đạt hiệu quả rõ rệt. Với nồng độ As ban đầu là 1000 μg/L, thời gian xử lý 4 giờ, vật liệu sử dụng là 1g/L thì hiệu suất xử lý đạt 99,64%. Nồng độ As sau xử lý đạt tiêu chuẩn QCVN 02:2009/BYT, cột I – Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước sinh hoạt, cột I áp dụng đối với các cơ sở cung cấp nước. Nghiên cứu cũng bước đầu thử nghiệm chế tạo thành viên vật liệu để thuận lợi hơn trong việc ứng dụng trong thực tiễn. Vật liệu bùn thải sau biến tính có lợi thế về chi phí thấp và thân thiện với môi trường.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1166
Author(s):  
Ganjar Fadillah ◽  
Septian Perwira Yudha ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Is Fatimah ◽  
Oki Muraza

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Guangmin Ren ◽  
Hongtao Han ◽  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
Sitong Liu ◽  
Jianyong Zhao ◽  
...  

Photocatalysis holds great promise as an efficient and sustainable oxidation technology for application in wastewater treatment. Rapid progress developing novel materials has propelled photocatalysis to the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatments. This review presents the latest progress on applications of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Our focus is on strategies for improving performance. Challenges and outlooks in this promising field are also discussed. We hope this review will help researchers design low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts for water treatment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Travis D. Gardner ◽  
Joe D. Guggenberger

Abstract Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) are an effective point of use water treatment device in developing nations due to their low cost and effectiveness. CPFs are gravity fed, typically making water production a major limiting factor to a CPF's lifetime and acceptability. Directly connecting CPFs to in-line pumping systems or systems with an elevated storage tank would allow filter usage for constant water treatment at increased pressures, increasing the quantity of treated water. Ceramic disks were manufactured for testing in a specially designed housing apparatus. Filters of varying thicknesses and clay to sawdust mass ratios were manufactured to fit tightly. Flowrate and microbiological removal efficacy (logarithmic reduction value (LRV)) were determined over the testing period at various pressures. Flowrate values ranged from 2.44 to 9.04 L per hour, significantly higher than traditional CPF technology. LRVs ranged from 1.1 to 2.0, lower than traditional CPF technology but still effective at removing most Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Filters proved effective at removing total and fecal coliforms at pressures less than 70 kilopascals. The optimum filter had a thickness of 3.2 cm and clay to sawdust ratio of 6:1 by mass. Filters proved to be ineffective if flowrates were above 5 L/h.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Swathy Krishna

In recent decades, the eutrophication of surface water has become a major environmental concern. Increased concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous lead to eutrophication condition which highlights the demand for effective and economical methods of removing nitrogen and phosphorous from waste water. Bio flocculation using microalgae is an excellent candidate for satisfying the dual purpose of nutrient removal and waste water treatment. It has so many advantages over conventional methods such as toxic free, no chemical is needed, low cost etc. In this review the bio flocculation of microalgae, its mechanisms, applications and harvesting methods are discussed. Keywords: Bio flocculation, microalgae, nutrient removal, waste water treatment  


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