Appraisal on the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils obtained from the cones and needles of Pinus species by in vivo and in vitro experimental models

: In recent years, there was a significant increase in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this sense, natural products emerge as a potential source for the discovery of new drugs, with the research of the pharmacological properties of these products being very important. In addition to its function in plants (insect attraction and repellency), essential oils present pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimutagenic, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we describe the mostly used in vivo acute inflammatory experimental models and the studies showing the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils. Essential oil from species from the Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Boraginaceae, Cupressaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Verbenaceae and Zingiberaceae families were described as being anti-inflammatory in vivo. Five models of acute inflammation are commonly used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo: ear and paw edema, pleurisy, peritonitis and the subcutaneous air pouch model. In addition to in vivo analysis, ex vivo and in vitro experiments are carried out to study the anti-inflammatory action of essential oils. The most commonly used model was paw edema, especially due to this model being easy to perform. In order to suggest or elucidate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect, many studies measured some inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, COX-2 expression and the levels of PGE2, and NO, or evaluated the effect of essential oils or their major compounds on inflammation response directly induced by inflammatory mediators.

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Modulatory effect of Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens on oxidative stress and inflammation

10.1101/362426 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ilias Marmouzi ◽

El Mostafa Karym ◽

Rachid Alami ◽

Meryem El Jemli ◽

Mourad Kharbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Pelargonium Graveolens ◽

Anti Inflammatory

AbstractBackgroundTherapy combination is defined as disease treatment with two or more medication to acheive efficacy with lower doses or lower toxicity. Regarding its reported toxicities and efficacy, the Essential Oils (EOs) from Syzygium aromaticum (SA) and Pelargonium graveolens (PG) were combined for in vitro and in vivo assays and toxicities.MethodsThe Essential Oils and mixture were tested for in vivo/in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The assays included the animal model of acute inflammation (carrageenan model), the protective effect on H2O2/Sodium nitroprissude induced stress in Tetrahymena pyriformis, and the in vitro antioxidant assays.ResultsThe chemical analysis of the investigated Oils has lead to the identification of Eugenol (74.06%), Caryophyllene (11.52%) and Carvacrol acetate (7.82%) as the major element in SA; while PG was much higher in Citronellol (30.77%), 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol (22.59%), and Geraniol (13.95%). In our pharmacological screening of samples, both Oils demonstrated good antioxidant effects. In vivo investigation of the antioxidant activity in the protozoa model (T. pyriformis) demonstrated a lesser toxic effect of EOs mixture with no significant differences when oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD and CAT) were evaluated. On the other hand the in vivo model of inflammatory response to carrageenan demonstrated a good inhibitory potential of both EOs. The EOs Mixture demonstrated equivalent bioactivity with lower toxic effect and minimal risk for each compound.ConclusionsThe results from this study indicate that EOs mixture from SA and PG demonstrated promising modulatory antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect, which suggest an efficient association for therapy.

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Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and in vivo-in vitro wound healing potential of the Phlomis rigida Labill. extract

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2020.113408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 266 ◽

pp. 113408

Author(s):

Mehmet Evren Okur ◽

Ayşe Esra Karadağ ◽

Yağmur Özhan ◽

Hande Sipahi ◽

Şule Ayla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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A REVIEW ON IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPERIMENTAL MODELS TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF HERBAL EXTRACTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.26873 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Inayat Kabir ◽

Imtiyaz Ansari

Keyword(s):

Reference Model ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Double Positive ◽

Arthritis Models ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The article emphasizes the anti-inflammatory effects of herbal extracts on different experimental models that are repeatedly used to test the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of herbal components. Edema, granuloma and arthritis models are used to test the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts whereas formalin or acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate methods are the most repeatedly used to evaluate anti-nociceptive potentials of the herbal extracts. Although adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models are also quite efficient, they have been used seldom to evaluate anti-inflammatory tendencies of the herbs. Here, we suggest a double positive reference model using both steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the same time, instead of using only one of them either.

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Extract from Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) Inhibits Production of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Macrophages and Exerts a Protective Effect In Vivo

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2034247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas ◽

Vera L. Petricevich

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Peritoneal Macrophages ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Nitric Oxide Release ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Secretion Of Mediators ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background. Different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, have been described among natural products. We previously described that the Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) ethanolic extract (BxbO) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, this action is not fully understood. In this study, the action of the BxbO extract on the secretion of inflammatory mediators in two experimental models, in vitro and in vivo, after LPS challenge was evaluated. Methods. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from female BALB/c mice and LPS-challenged with or without the BxbO extract. For the evaluation of mediators, the supernatants at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours were collected. For in vivo estimation, groups of female BALB/c mice were first intraperitoneously injected with different amounts of LPS and later administered the oral BxbO extract (v.o.) for 144 hours. To understand the mechanism of action, sera obtained from mice were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after LPS challenge (with or without BxbO) for the detection of mediators. Results. The results showed that, in both peritoneal macrophages and sera of mice treated with the BxbO extract 1 hour before or together with LPS challenge, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release were unquestionably repressed. In contrast, in both systems studied here, the IL-10 levels were elevated to 5 to 9 times. At lethal doses of LPS, the BxbO extract treatment was found to protect animals from death. Conclusions. The results revealed that the inhibitory, protective, and benign effects of the BxbO extract were due to its capacity to balance the secretion of mediators.

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Evidences of Herbal Medicine-Derived Natural Products Effects in Inflammatory Lung Diseases

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/2348968 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Fernanda Paula R. Santana ◽

Nathalia M. Pinheiro ◽

Márcia Isabel B. Mernak ◽

Renato F. Righetti ◽

Mílton A. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Herbal Medicine ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Pulmonary inflammation is a hallmark of many respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory syndrome distress (ARDS). Most of these diseases are treated with anti-inflammatory therapy in order to prevent or to reduce the pulmonary inflammation. Herbal medicine-derived natural products have been used in folk medicine and scientific studies to evaluate the value of these compounds have grown in recent years. Many substances derived from plants have the biological effectsin vitroandin vivo, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Among the biological activities of natural products derived from plants can be pointed out the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiplatelet, antitumor anti-allergic activities, and antioxidant. Although many reports have evaluated the effects of these compounds in experimental models, studies evaluating clinical trials are scarce in the literature. This review aims to emphasize the effects of these different natural products in pulmonary diseases in experimental models and in humans and pointing out some possible mechanisms of action.

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Anti-inflammatory and Antihistaminic Study of a Unani Eye Drop Formulation

Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases ◽

10.4137/oed.s3612 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. OED.S3612 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Latif Abdul ◽

Razique Abdul ◽

R.R. Sukul ◽

Siddiqui Nazish

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Guinea Pig Ileum ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Vast Literature ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ophthalmic Formulation

The Unani eye drop is an ophthalmic formulation prepared for its beneficial effects in the inflammatory and allergic conditions of the eyes. In the present study, the Unani eye drop formulation was prepared and investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity, using in vivo and in vitro experimental models respectively. The Unani eye drop formulation exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in turpentine liniment-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits. The preparation also showed antihistaminic activity in isolated guinea-pig ileum. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity of eye drop may be due to presence of active ingredients in the formulation. Although there are many drugs in Unani repository which are mentioned in classical books or used in Unani clinical practice effectively in treatment of eye diseases by various Unani physicians. Inspite of the availability of vast literature, there is a dearth of commercial Unani ocular preparations. So, keeping this in mind, the eye drop formulation was prepared and its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity was carried out in animal models. Thus, in view of the importance of alternative anti-inflammatory and antiallergic drugs, it becomes imperative to bring these indigenous drugs to the front foot and evaluate their activities.

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Insightful Valorization of the Biological Activities of Pani Heloch Leaves through Experimental and Computer-Aided Mechanisms

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5153

Author(s):

Naureen Banu ◽

Najmul Alam ◽

Mohammad Nazmul Islam ◽

Sanjida Islam ◽

Shahenur Alam Sakib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Pani heloch (Antidesma montanum) is traditionally used to treat innumerable diseases and is a source of wild vegetables for the management of different pathological conditions. The present study explored the qualitative phytochemicals; quantitative phenol and flavonoid contents; in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic effects; and in vivo antipyretic and analgesic properties of the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves in different experimental models. The extract exhibited secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanols, phytosterols, cholesterols, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, fixed oils, emodines, coumarins, resins, and tannins. Besides, Pani heloch showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 99.00 µg/mL), while a moderate percentage of clot lysis (31.56%) in human blood and significant anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.001) was achieved with the standard. Moreover, the analgesic and antipyretic properties appeared to trigger a significant response (p < 0.001) relative to in the control group. Besides, an in silico study of carpusin revealed favorable protein-binding affinities. Furthermore, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis and toxicological properties of all isolated compounds adopted Lipinski’s rule of five for drug-like potential and level of toxicity. Our research unveiled that the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves exhibited secondary metabolites that are a good source for managing inflammation, pyrexia, pain, and cellular toxicity. Computational approaches and further studies are required to identify the possible mechanism which responsible for the biological effects.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Babassu Oil (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng., Arecaceae)

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/8858291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

José Alex A. Santos ◽

José Wellinton da Silva ◽

Simone Maria dos Santos ◽

Maria de Fátima Rodrigues ◽

Camila Joyce A. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Amazon Forest ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Skin Wounds ◽

Babassu Oil ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Arecaceae) is a palm tree endemic to Brazil and found mainly in the borders of Amazon forest, where the harvesting of its fruits is an important source of income for more than 300,000 people. Among the communities of coconut breakers women, babassu oil is used in culinary, as fuel, and mostly as medicinal oil for the treatment of skin wounds and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the wound healing effects of babassu oil. In vitro, babassu oil increased the migration of L929 fibroblasts, inhibited the production of nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and increased the levels of INF-γ and IL-6 cytokines production. In vivo, babassu oil accelerated the healing process in a full-thickness splinted wound model, by an increase in the fibroblasts number, blood vessels, and collagen deposition in the wounds. The babassu oil also increased the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the wound site and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic ear edema model, reducing ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, and myeloperoxidase activity. Thus, these data corroborate the use of babassu oil in folk medicine as a remedy to treat skin wounds.

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Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antioxidant Potentials of Algerian Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Fruits and Leaves In Vivo and In Vitro in Different Experimental Models

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2019-0164 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

N. Gadiri ◽

C. Tigrine ◽

Z. Lakache ◽

A. Kameli

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Protective Capacity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Zizyphus Jujuba ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dpph Scavenging

The ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts, leaves, and fruits, of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. were studied in vivo and in vitro for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties, respectively. A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. It revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids. The acute toxicity study was conducted using a limit dose of 2,000mg/kg. The extracts studied showed no signs of toxicity or mortality. Anti-inflammatory activity, assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema, and antinociceptive activity, assessed by pain-induced acetic acid in mice, were significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Moreover, both extracts showed considerable DPPH scavenging activity and β-carotene protective capacity. The present study suggests that leaf and fruit extracts from Zizyphus jujuba have a pharmacological interest probably related to the presence of some bioactive compounds and could be a potential source of antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant agents that should be further investigated.

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