Rainfall–runoff modelling in northern Australia: A guide to modelling strategies in the tropics

2012 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Petheram ◽  
P. Rustomji ◽  
F.H.S. Chiew ◽  
J. Vleeshouwer
Author(s):  
Angela Meyer ◽  
Stephen Naylor

This research focuses on a sample group of painters who have worked in the North Queensland wet tropics where they have explored tropical imagery within western traditions. Despite some acknowledgement of the Pacific by Smith (1960) and some engagement by established southern artists in fleeting visits to the North; there has been little research into contributions of the contemporary painters working within the wet tropical regions of northern Australia. This research challenges some of the late 19th century and early 20th century filters established by the painters Gauguin, Matisse and Henri Rousseau in finding a tropical paradise, through the presentation of data collected from the selection of artists working in the tropics, teasing out the contradictions within the work of mainstream art historians.


Author(s):  
Anita Lundberg ◽  
Katarzyna Ancuta ◽  
Agnieszka Stasiewicz-Bieńkowska

The Gothic is undergoing a pronounced resurgence in academic and popular cultures. Propelled by fears associated with massive social transformations produced by globalisation, the neoliberal order and environmental uncertainty – tropes of the Gothic resonate. The gothic allows us to delve into the unknown, the liminal, the unseen; into hidden histories and feelings. It calls up unspoken truths and secret desires.In the tropics, the gothic manifests in specific ways according to spaces, places, cultures and their encounters. Within the fraught geographies and histories of colonisation and aggression that have been especially acute across the tropical regions of the world, the tropical gothic engages with orientalism and postcolonialism. The tropics, as the region of the greatest biodiversity in the world, is under enormous stress, hence tropical gothic also engages with gothic ecocriticism, senses of space, landscape and place. Globalisation and neoliberalism likewise impact the tropics, and the gothic imagery of these ‘vampiric’ capitalist forces – which impinge upon the livelihoods, traditions and the very survival of peoples of the tropics – is explored through urban gothic, popular culture, posthumanism and queer theory.As the papers in this special issue demonstrate, a gothic sensibility enables humans to respond to the seemingly dark, nebulous forces that threaten existence. These papers engage with specific instances of Tropical Gothic in West Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America, Southeast Asia, northern Australia, and the American Deep South.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McCoy

Reef and Rainforest is a photographic portrayal of marine and terrestrial life in one of the world's most biodiverse regions – the tropics of north-eastern Australia, together with the South Pacific nations of Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. The photographs were taken over a period of more than 30 years while the author was living in the Solomon Islands and northern Australia. They depict life on the coral reefs, in the rainforests and in adjacent tropical savannahs. From detailed macro studies to sweeping scenics and aerials, the photographs are impressive for both their technical/compositional expertise and the unique insight they provide into the behavioural nuances of marine and terrestrial wildlife. Almost all the wildlife images are of free-living, non-posed subjects, photographed as they were encountered. Along with the stunning photography, the detailed and reflective captions are drawn from the author’s experiences. Reef and Rainforest conveys the richness and diversity of the natural world with maximum visual impact.


2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Ens ◽  
S. Bentley-Toon ◽  
F. Campion ◽  
S. Campion ◽  
J. Kelly ◽  
...  

Freshwater wetlands have great ecological, social, cultural and economic importance and are considered some of the most threatened ecosystems globally, especially in the tropics. In the tropics of northern Australia, much land is owned by Aboriginal people, thus requiring community-based approaches to monitoring and decision making. Herein we present a collaborative community-based rapid appraisal of an observed decline in a culturally and ecologically important tree genus of the freshwater wetlands in northern Australia, locally known as kunkod (Melaleuca spp., Myrtaceae) by Bininj (local Aboriginal people). We conducted collaborative research with the local Aboriginal Djelk Rangers incorporating local and scientific knowledge and preferred research methods. The decline in kunkod was more common in the water zone than in the mud and dry zones of freshwater billabongs in the Djelk Indigenous Protected Area. Kunkod decline and poor regeneration were significantly correlated with high water electrical conductivity, turbidity and ammonium. Feral buffalo activity was also positively correlated with these parameters, suggesting an indirect effect of buffalo on kunkod population health (large and small trees) through reduced water quality rather than direct rubbing on the trees, as was initially expected. Ongoing monitoring will allow assessment of potential recovery of kunkod following planned feral buffalo control.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Radhika ◽  
Rendy Firmansyah ◽  
Waluyo Hatmoko

Information on water availability is vital in water resources management. Unfortunately, information on the condition of hydrological data, either river flow data, or rainfall data is very limited temporally and spatially. With the availability of satellite technology, rainfall in the tropics can be monitored and recorded for further analysis. This paper discusses the calculation of surface water availability based on rainfall data from TRMM satellite, and then Wflow, a distributed rainfall-runoff model generates monthly time runoff data from 2003 to 2015 for all river basin areas in Indonesia. It is concluded that the average surface water availability in Indonesia is 88.3 thousand m3/s or equivalent to 2.78 trillion m3/ year. This figure is lower than the study of Water Resources Research Center 2010 based on discharge at the post estimated water that produces 3.9 trillion m3/year, but very close to the study of Aquastat FAO of 2.79 trillion m3 / year. The main benefit of this satellite-based calculation is that at any location in Indonesia, potential surface water can be obtained by multiplying the area of the catchment and the runoff height.


Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2417 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
D. C. F. RENTZ ◽  
YOU NING SU ◽  
NORIHIRO UESHIMA ◽  
MARTYN ROBINSON

Two new agraeciine genera and five new species are described from northern Australia. Both genera have species that live in mixed woodlands in the tropics. Armadillagraecia Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson gen. nov. is known from two species in the Northern Territory and one from Queensland. Kapalgagraecia Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson gen. nov. is known from two species, one apparently widespread in the Northern Territory, the other from Groote Eylandt, NT. Cytological data are provided for all Armadillagraecia species but not for Kapalgagraecia. A table is presented documenting knowledge of the known cytology of all Agraeciini. The calling songs of both A. mataranka and A. yerilla Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson gen. et spp. nov. are noted and documented by sonograms. Known biological, ecological and distributional data are presented.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 12829-12848 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Holly L. Winton ◽  
Ross Edwards ◽  
Andrew R. Bowie ◽  
Melita Keywood ◽  
Alistair G. Williams ◽  
...  

Abstract. Marine nitrogen fixation is co-limited by the supply of iron (Fe) and phosphorus in large regions of the global ocean. The deposition of soluble aerosol Fe can initiate nitrogen fixation and trigger toxic algal blooms in nitrate-poor tropical waters. We present dry season soluble Fe data from the Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season (SAFIRED) campaign in northern Australia that reflects coincident dust and biomass burning sources of soluble aerosol Fe. The mean soluble and total aerosol Fe concentrations were 40 and 500 ng m−3 respectively. Our results show that while biomass burning species may not be a direct source of soluble Fe, biomass burning may substantially enhance the solubility of mineral dust. We observed fractional Fe solubility up to 12 % in mixed aerosols. Thus, Fe in dust may be more soluble in the tropics compared to higher latitudes due to higher concentrations of biomass-burning-derived reactive organic species in the atmosphere. In addition, biomass-burning-derived particles can act as a surface for aerosol Fe to bind during atmospheric transport and subsequently be released to the ocean upon deposition. As the aerosol loading is dominated by biomass burning emissions over the tropical waters in the dry season, additions of biomass-burning-derived soluble Fe could have harmful consequences for initiating nitrogen-fixing toxic algal blooms. Future research is required to quantify biomass-burning-derived particle sources of soluble Fe over tropical waters.


2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Wheeler ◽  
Harry H. Hendon ◽  
Sam Cleland ◽  
Holger Meinke ◽  
Alexis Donald

Abstract Impacts of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on Australian rainfall and circulation are examined during all four seasons. The authors examine circulation anomalies and a number of different rainfall metrics, each composited contemporaneously for eight MJO phases derived from the real-time multivariate MJO index. Multiple rainfall metrics are examined to allow for greater relevance of the information for applications. The greatest rainfall impact of the MJO occurs in northern Australia in (austral) summer, although in every season rainfall impacts of various magnitude are found in most locations, associated with corresponding circulation anomalies. In northern Australia in all seasons except winter, the rainfall impact is explained by the direct influence of the MJO’s tropical convective anomalies, while in winter a weaker and more localized signal in northern Australia appears to result from the modulation of the trade winds as they impinge upon the eastern coasts, especially in the northeast. In extratropical Australia, on the other hand, the occurrence of enhanced (suppressed) rainfall appears to result from induced upward (downward) motion within remotely forced extratropical lows (highs), and from anomalous low-level northerly (southerly) winds that transport moisture from the tropics. Induction of extratropical rainfall anomalies by remotely forced lows and highs appears to operate mostly in winter, whereas anomalous meridional moisture transport appears to operate mainly in the summer, autumn, and to some extent in the spring.


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