Are lower social class origins stigmatized at work? A qualitative study of social class concealment and disclosure among White men employees who experienced upward mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Kallschmidt ◽  
Asia A. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
White Men ◽  
Lower Social Class

‘Urfi marriage, an Egyptian Version of Cohabitation?

1970 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Ikran Eum
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Young People ◽  
The State ◽  
Sexual Desires ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
State Pension

In Egypt, the term ‘urfi2 in relation to marriage means literally “customary” marriage, something that has always existed in Egypt but nowadays tends mostly to be secretly practiced among young people. Traditionally, according to Abaza,3 ‘urfi marriage took place not only for practical purposes (such as enabling widows to remarry while keeping the state pension of their deceased husbands), but also as a way of matchmaking across classes (since men from the upper classes use ‘urfi marriage as a way of marrying a second wife from a lower social class). In this way a man could satisfy his sexual desires while retaining his honor by preserving his marriage to the first wife and his position in the community to which he belonged, and keeping his second marriage secret.

Social class and envy among Chinese undergraduates: Victim justice sensitivity as a mediator

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
You-Juan Hong ◽  
Rong-Mao Lin ◽  
Rong Lian
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Justice Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Subjective Social Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

We examined the relationship between social class and envy, and the role of victim justice sensitivity in this relationship among a group of 1,405 Chinese undergraduates. The students completed measures of subjective social class, victim justice sensitivity, and dispositional envy. The results show that a lower social class was significantly and negatively related to envy and victim justice sensitivity, whereas victim justice sensitivity was significantly and positively related to envy. As predicted, a lower social class was very closely correlated with envy. In addition, individuals with a lower (vs. higher) social class had a greater tendency toward victim justice sensitivity, which, in turn, increased their envy. Overall, our results advance scholarly research on the psychology of social hierarchy by clarifying the relationship between social class and the negative emotion of envy.

Social Class and Wellbeing among Staff and Students in Higher Education Settings: Mapping the Problem and Exploring Underlying Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isla Dougall ◽  
Mario Weick ◽  
Milica Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Within Higher Education (HE), lower social class staff and students often experience poorer wellbeing than their higher social class counterparts. Previous research conducted outside educational contexts has linked social class differences in wellbeing with differences in the extent to which low and high social class individuals feel respected (i.e., status), in control (i.e., autonomy), and connected with others (i.e., inclusion). However, to our knowledge, there has been no research that has investigated these factors within HE settings. Furthermore, inclusion, status and autonomy are correlated, yet little is known about how these factors contribute to wellbeing simultaneously, and independently, of one another. To fill these gaps, we report the results of two studies; firstly with HE students (Study 1; N = 305), and secondly with HE staff (Study 2; N = 261). Consistently across studies, reports of poor wellbeing were relatively common and more than twice as prevalent amongst lower social class staff and students compared to higher social class staff and students. Inclusion, status and autonomy each made a unique contribution and accounted for the relationship between social class and wellbeing (fully amongst students, and partially amongst staff members). These relationships held across various operationalisations of social class and when examining a range of facets of wellbeing. Social class along with inclusion, status and autonomy explained a substantial 40% of the variance in wellbeing. The present research contributes to the literature exploring how social class intersects with social factors to impact the wellbeing of staff and students within HE.

Society and the Observer

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-102
Author(s):  
Alex Belsey ◽  
Alex Belsey
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
British Society ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Social Class

This chapter analyses how, in his wartime journal-writing, Keith Vaughan articulated the social differences and exclusions that he believed were preventing him from fully participating in British society. In his accounts of failing to connect with those around him, he romanticized his failures and dramatized his distance from others, thereby justifying his exclusion and ultimately ascribing himself the powerful (if lonely) role of observer – a position from which he could assert superiority over his fellow C.O.s and men of lower social class whilst representing them in his sketches, paintings, and bathing pictures. The first section of this chapter considers how Vaughan used the early volumes of his journal to record his difficulties in making contact with his fellow man and reinforce them through self-dramatization. The second section explores the strategies employed by Vaughan to emphasize his difference from other individuals and groups, particularly around his homosexuality and artistic inclinations, and therefore justify and maintain his distance from them. The third section argues that Vaughan constructed an empowering role that made use of his remove from male society: that of the observer, enabling him to laud his own powers of perception whilst evading the problems of social involvement and possible surveillance.

Man-Made Medicine and Women's Health: The Biopolitics of Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Krieger ◽  
Elizabeth Fee
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

National vital statistics in the United States present data in terms of race, sex, and age, treated as biological variables. Some races are clearly of more interest than others: data are usually available for whites and blacks, and increasingly for Hispanics, but seldom for Native Americans or Asians and Pacific Islanders. These data indicate that white men and women generally have the best health and that men and women, within each racial/ethnic group, have different patterns of disease. Obviously, the health status of men and women differs for conditions related to reproduction, but it differs for many nonreproductive conditions as well. In national health data, patterns of disease by race and sex are emphasized while social class differences are ignored. This article discusses how race and sex became such all-important, self-evident categories in 19th and 20th century biomedical thought and practice. It examines the consequences of these categories for knowledge about health and for the provision of health care. It then presents alternative approaches to understanding the relationship between race/ethnicity, gender, and health, with reference to the neglected category of social class.

Domiciliary and out-patient treatment of self-poisoning patients by medical and non-medical staff

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hawton ◽  
John Bancroft ◽  
Jose Catalan ◽  
Breda Kingston ◽  
Averil Stedeford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Lower Social Class

SYNOPSISIn a study of domiciliary and out-patient treatment of self-poisoning patients, using a brief problem-orientated approach, it was found that domiciliary treatment resulted in much higher attendance rates but no difference in outcome. Patients who completed out-patient treatment had a better outcome than those who failed to attend treatment sessions. Completion of out-patient treatment was more frequent among higher social class patients. Domiciliary treatment may be more appropriate in some cases for married patients and for those of lower social class. Medical and non-medical staff proved to be equally effective therapists. Future research should be concerned with evaluation of alternative methods of provision of help and further identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment.

Career Development of Lower Social Class Adolescents in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-530
Author(s):  
Mae Hyang Hwang ◽  
Jihye Lee ◽  
Ae-Kyung Jung
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Lower Social Class

Despite increased efforts and a broadened understanding of social class and its impact on career development, the career development of lower social class adolescents and its interaction with sociocontextual factors remain understudied. The current study explored the educational and career experiences of South Korean high school seniors using a qualitative approach and the gender and social class career development model. Our sample included 14 lower class high school seniors who were preparing for different career paths after graduation. The data were collected at three time points, through two semistructured interviews, documents, and brief phone-call surveys. An inductive thematic analysis of 28 semistructured interviews and documentations revealed three domains with seven themes. The results demonstrated an influence of lower social class on adolescents’ socialization, access to resources, affectional and academic barriers, and academic and career attainment. The implications of the results for career counseling, interventions, policies, and future research are discussed.

Class Status and Social Mobility on Tobacco Smoking in Post-Reform China Between 1991 and 2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188-2195
Author(s):  
Xiaozhao Yousef Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Class Weight ◽  
Class Status

Abstract Introduction There is growing attention to social mobility’s impact on tobacco use, but few studies have differentiated the two conceptually distinct mechanisms through which changes in social class can affect tobacco smoking: the class status effect and the mobility effect. Aims and Methods I applied Diagonal Reference Modeling to smoking and heavy smoking among respondents of the 1991 China Health and Nutrition Survey who were revisited two decades later in 2011 (n = 3841, 49% male, baseline mean age was 38 years). I divided the sample into six social classes (non-employment, self-employed, owners, workers, farmers, and retirees) and measured social mobility by changes in income and occupational prestige. Results About 61.7% of men were smokers and those from the classes of workers, owners, and self-employees consumed more cigarettes compared to the unemployed, but women smokers (3.7%) tend to be from the lower classes (unemployed and farmers). Controlling for social class, each 1000 Yuan increase in annual income led to smoking 0.03 more cigarettes (p < .05) and 1% increase (p < .05) in the likelihood of heavy smoking among men, but the income effect is null for women. Upwardly mobile men (a 10-points surge in occupational prestige) smoked like their destination class (weight = 78%), whereas men with downward mobility were more similar to peers in the original class (weight = 60%). Conclusions Contrary to the social gradient in smoking in other industrial countries, higher class status and upward mobility are each associated with more smoking among Chinese men, but not among women. Implications Tobacco control policies should prioritize male smoking at workplaces and the instrumental purposes of using tobacco as gifts and social lubricant. Taxation may counter the surge in smoking brought by individuals’ income increase after upward mobility. Caution should be paid to women joining the similar social gradient in smoking as they gain foothold in the labor market.

García Malo: esperanzas y temores ante su traducción de la «Ilíada» en 1788

2019 ◽  
pp. 431-459
Author(s):  
Felipe Rodríguez Morín
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
First Time ◽  
Entire Array

ResumenHabiendo tenido que sufrir las burlas de varios de sus colegas escritores, algunos de ellos amigos suyos, a causa de unos desventurados sonetos publicados en 1784, García Malo se decidió a dar a la estampa en 1788 su traducción de la «Ilíada». Suponemos que, de esa manera, mediante la traslación por vez primera al idioma castellano de una de las más excelsas cumbres de la poesía, pretendía nuestro autor redimirse ante la opinión pública de su anterior fracaso. Sin embargo, el miedo a volver a incurrir en la crueldad de críticas anteriores, cuestión que podía verse ahora agravada por su situación personal, al hallarse comprometido en matrimonio con una persona de una clase social bastante más baja que la suya, propició que nuestro autor echara mano de toda una suerte de recursos que contribuyesen a atemperar el rigor de las evaluaciones públicas y, en cualquier caso, a desviar sus posibles reproches hacia la parte técnica de su trabajo.PALABRAS CLAVEIgnacio García Malo, «Ilíada», traductor, utilidad, temor. TITLEGarcía Malo: hopes and fears before his translation of the «Iliad» in 1788ABSTRACTGarcía Malo had been ridiculed by some of his fellow writers, several of which were his friends, because of some unfortunate sonnets published in 1784. That is why, in 1788, he decided to print his own translation of the «Iliad». We suppose that, by translating one of the most sublime works of poetry into Spanish for the first time, he was trying to atone for his earlier failure in the eyes of public opinion. However, he feared incurring again in the cruelty of his previous criticism, a situation which could get worse now that he had become engaged to someone from a lower social class. This concern caused our author to draw upon an entire array of resources which may contribute to moderate the harshness of public evaluations, and, in any case, to divert possible reproach about the technical part of his work.KEY WORDSIgnacio García Malo, «Iliad», translator, utility, fear.

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