scholarly journals Identification of a novel bacterial taxon associated with bovine mastitis showing a close evolutionary relationship with Elizabethkingia sp

2020 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 126443
Author(s):  
Zihao Pan ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
Qianmei Gong ◽  
Suchun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Taxon

scholarly journals Whole-genome sequencing reveals high genetic diversity of Streptococcus uberis isolated from cows with mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva ◽  
Yongqiang Yang ◽  
Marjory Xavier Rodrigues ◽  
Tiago Tomazi ◽  
Rodrigo Carvalho Bicalho
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Abstract Background Bovine mastitis is an important cause of economic loss in dairy farms. Streptococcus uberis is among the most frequently isolated bacterial species isolated from cows with mastitis. The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth genetic assessment of S. uberis strains isolated from bovine clinical mastitis (CM) and to perform a phylogenetic analysis to represent the evolutionary relationship among S. uberis sequences. Results A total of 159 isolates was genetically characterized using whole genome sequencing. According to the virulence determinants, all strains harbored the hasC, leuS, perR, purH, and purN virulence genes. Thirty-four resistance genes were identified in at least one strain. In terms of acquired genes, we observed that 152 (95.6 %) strains had a resistance gene to lincosamine (lnuD), 48 (30.2 %) to tetracycline (tetM), 4 (2.51 %) to tobramicine (ant6), and 1 to lincosamide (lsa(E)). MLST detected the Sequence Type (ST)797 (n = 23), while 85.5 % of the strains did not match to known STs. Conclusions Then, eleven distinct ST were identified after we submitted the new alleles to assign new STs. The other prevalent STs observed were ST1215 (n = 58), ST1219 (n = 35), and ST1213 (n = 15). And it was not possible to identify the MLST of four strains. Phylogenetic lineages indicated a high genomic diversity of S. uberis in our collection, confirming that most strains isolated from bovine mastitis have different reservoirs, typical of environmental pathogens.

Antimicrobial activity of Romanian propolis ethanolic extracts against E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Niculae ◽  
CD Sandru ◽  
E Pall ◽  
S Popescu ◽  
L Stan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Use of Syzygium cumini (L.) ethanol extract against bacteria from bovine mastitis

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Magalães ◽  
N Gabriel ◽  
L Rabelo ◽  
I Maciel ◽  
L Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini

Sequencing Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree of HPV Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The North ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

Phylogeny of actin and tubulin gene homologs in diverse eukaryotic species

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Jayaswal ◽  
Asheesh Shanker ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

Actin and tubulin are cytoskeleton proteins, which are important components of the celland are conserved across species. Despite their crucial significance in cell motility and cell division the distribution and phylogeny of actin and tubulin genes across taxa is poorly understood. Here we used publicly available genomic data of 49 model species of plants, animals, fungi and Protista for further understanding the distribution of these genes among diverse eukaryotic species using rice as reference. The highest numbers of rice actin and tubulin gene homologs were present in plants followed by animals, fungi and Protista species, whereas ten actin and nine tubulin genes were conserved in all 49 species. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 actin and 18 tubulin genes clustered them into four major groups each. One each of the actin and tubulin gene clusters was conserved across eukaryotic species. Species trees based on the conserved actin and tubulin genes showed evolutionary relationship of 49 different taxa clustered into plants, animals, fungi and Protista. This study provides a phylogenetic insight into the evolution of actin and tubulin genes in diverse eukaryotic species.

The Effectiveness of Amoxicillin and Cefalexin in Two Species from Staphylococcus and Bacillus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Rabie Mohammed Salih
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

In this study 60 milk samples collected from mastitic cows to isolates and identify bacterial agents. The percentage of isolates was as follows: Staphylococcus spp 52%, Bacillus spp 26%, Enteroccocispp 3%; microccus 3%, Nesseria 2%, Branhamella 3%, Clostridium 1%, Bordetella 2%, Enterobacteria 3%, Aeromonas 4%, Fusobacterium 1%. In sensitivity tests used two antibiotics Amoxicillin and Cephalexin against two highest isolates in this study (Staph spp and Bacillus spp and found: Staph. aureus and Staph. hyicus were resistant to Amoxicllin and cephlaxin relatively, Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus cereus were susceptible to Amoxicllin and cephlaxin.

Role of Artesunate in Potentiation of β-lactam Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and its Histopathology Impact In-Vivo Study

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Mrsa Infection

This article discusses the augmenting influence of Artesunate (ART) in combination with β-lactams (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) antibiotic in sepsis mice models infected by a lethal challenge dose of live coagulase positive enterotoxigenic (Sec) MRSA that was isolated from a case of chronic bovine mastitis. The main goal is to find an appropriate treatment to overcome resistance mechanism of MRSA towards β-lactams antibiotic. Fifty healthy adult Swiss mice divided into 5 equal groups were used in the experimental procedure. The infected group that treated with both ART and β-lactams (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) antibiotic revealed complete inhibition of MRSA count with complete normal macroscopic and histopathological features. We suggest that ART can potentiate the antibacterial action of β-lactams (amoxicillin/Clavulanic) acid against MRSA infection. The combination of ART and antibiotic can overcome MRSA resistance mechanism and so could be considered a novel candidate to overcome mastitis and/or sepsis caused by MRSA.

Effect of Bismuth Subnitrate Teat Canal Sealant with Ampicillin-Cloxacillin Combination in Control of Bovine Mastitis in Selected Farms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bismuth Subnitrate ◽  
Teat Canal

This study presents the results of effect of a combination of bismuth subnitrate teat canal sealant (Boviseal® -Bimeda® Animal Health, Ireland) and the antibiotic Ampicillin & Cloxacillin (Bovaclox® DC-Norbrook Laboratories Ltd-UK) when used during the dry period on occurrence of mastitis 100 days post-calving. The objectives of this study were: to determine the effect of Boviseal® teat canal sealant in combination with Bovaclox® DC in control of dairy cow mastitis 100 days after calving; to determine bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in the selected farms and to determine risk factors for occurrence of dairy mastitis in the selected farms. This controlled field trial was carried out in two Kenyan dairy farms: Chemusian Farm in Nakuru County and Gicheha Farm in Kiambu County. 156 dairy cows were used in the study. Healthy cows with no history of mastitis in their current lactation were recruited. They were randomly placed into either of the two study groups: the control and the test group. The Control group received Bovaclox® DC while the Test group received the Bovaclox® DC followed by Boviseal®. The cows were followed during the entire dry period and 100 days post-calving monitoring for mastitis occurrence. Cows in the control group were more susceptible to mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to cows in the treatment group (P<0.001, RR=4.4, OR=17.7). Of the bacterial pathogens, coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most common pathogens isolated from mastitic milk at 34.6 % followed by Micrococcus spp. (9.0%). Other bacteria isolated were Streptococcus agalactiae (3.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.9%); Escherichia coli (0.6%) and various bacterial mixtures. Results of logistic regressions at P≤0.05 showed that farm, position of the quarter, type of barn floor and type of treatment were significantly associated with occurrence of mastitis. Cows in Gicheha farm whose barn floor was earthen, those cows in the control group and hindquarters were risk factors for mastitis (RR=1.5, 4.4 and 1.18 respectively). The results of this study showed that Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® teat canal sealant combination applied during the dry period is more effective in controlling bovine mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to the use of Bovaclox® DC alone. The study thus recommends the use of Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® dry cow combination for control of bovine mastitis.

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