Beyond age and gender: Relationships between cortical and subcortical brain volume and cognitive-motor abilities in school-age children

School age children (pedestrians) can move at different speeds, which are conditioned by certain parameters. Not all parameters have the same effect on the pedestrian speed. According to the literature, gender and age are the most researched parameters that have an impact on the speed of pedestrians. However, a small number of authors have dealt with the influence of movement regimes (slow, normal, fast, run, and rush) on pedestrian speed, while at the same time taking into account age and gender. For that reason, this article measured the speed of movement of school age children by movement regimes, taking into account age and gender. Within the same movement regime, the influence of age, sex, height, and weight on the speed of movement was investigated. Experimental measurements of the speed of movement of pedestrians aged 7 to 20 years were performed. Based on the results of measurements and statistical analyzes, recommendations on the average speed of movement regimes, age, and gender are given.

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Performance of School-Age Children With Sensory Processing Challenges and Typical Peers on the Motor Planning Maze Assessment

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-po14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 7512500014p1-7512500014p1

Author(s):

Teresa A. May-Benson ◽

Olivia Easterbrooks-Dick ◽

Alison Teasdale

Keyword(s):

Sensory Processing ◽

Motor Planning ◽

School Age Children ◽

Group Differences ◽

School Age ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Typical Peers ◽

And Gender ◽

Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/13/21 OTs working with children with sensory processing and praxis challenges need fast, valid, and reliable assessments to identify motor planning difficulties. The Motor Planning Maze Assessment (MPMA) is a 5-minute screening for motor planning skills that can help meet this clinical need. Age and gender trend performance on the MPMA was examined in children with sensory processing and integration challenges and typical peers 5–12 years of age, as were group differences. Primary Author and Speaker: Teresa A. May-Benson Additional Authors and Speakers: Maxwell Toepfer, Alicia Noffke, Abigail Bradfield, Jessica Schmidt, and Kristen A. Pickett Contributing Authors: Karla Ausderau, Susan Andreae

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Age-related characteristics of the reaction of the cardiovascular system of young swimmers to dosed physical activity

Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) ◽

10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.3(123).32 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 172-176

Author(s):

A. Yushko ◽

N. Balamutova ◽

E. Bloshenko ◽

L. Sheyko

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Bicycle Ergometer ◽

School Age Children ◽

System Response ◽

School Age ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Age Related ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

And Gender

In the age-related pedagogy and physiology one of important questions is the study of the influence of physical activities on the state of the cardiovascular system of children and teenagers. The reactions of the cardiovascular system in response to physical activity have significant age and gender differences. In this regard, the indicators of the cardiovascular system were analyzed when working on a bicycle ergometer in schoolchildren before, during, at the time of completion of puberty. The aim of this research was to study the age-related characteristics of the testes` cardiovascular system response to dosed physical activity. The revealed regularities of the reaction of the cardiovascular system of school-age children to physical activity can serve as a criterion for assessing their functional possibilities.

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Simultaneous assessement of social skills and behavior problems: Education and gender

Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) ◽

10.1590/1982-02752016000300009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 453-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandra Turini BOLSONI-SILVA ◽

Sonia Regina LOUREIRO

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Behavior Problems ◽

Behavior Problem ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

The Social ◽

And Gender ◽

And Behavior

Abstract The aim was to compare the social skills of preschool and school-age children, considering groups differentiated by behavior problem indicators, according to the assessment performed by parents and teachers. Children of both genders participated in this study. Parents/primary caregivers assessed 194 children and 294 children were assessed by their teachers. The results indicated that, for the parents and teachers, the children without problems were more socially skilled. The gender of the children distinguished the repertoire of social skills, according to their parents, mainly the school-age children. For the teachers, considering both school periods, girls were more socially skilled and, for both parents and teachers, boys presented more behavior problems. These data have implications for assessment and intervention procedures.

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Are children able to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude?

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1080/01650250444000153 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 435-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Evangelia Galanaki

Keyword(s):

Total Sample ◽

Sixth Graders ◽

Second Graders ◽

Research Literature ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

And Gender ◽

Human Desire

School-age children’s ability to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude was the focus of this study. This ability has been largely neglected by researchers. Also, the relation of this ability with self-reported loneliness was examined. Individual interviews were conducted with 180 second, fourth, and sixth graders from Athens, Greece. Their responses were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Results showed that school-age children were able to perceive the differences between aloneness and loneliness, although they frequently associated being alone with feeling lonely. Nearly half of them perceived the motivational dimension, which distinguishes voluntary from involuntary aloneness. The ability to recognise the existence of beneficial aloneness, that is, solitude, was extremely limited among second graders, but increased dramatically up to the beginning of adolescence. About two thirds of the total sample acknowledged the human desire to be alone. Girls were significantly more able than boys to perceive the differences between aloneness and loneliness, the motivational dimension, and the desire to be alone. More than two-thirds of the total sample had experienced loneliness, but this experience appeared to be unrelated to their understanding of the various aloneness concepts. Age and gender differences, as well as children’s various justifications of their responses, are discussed in the framework of the existing theoretical and research literature on children’s aloneness, loneliness, and solitude.

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Age, Gender, Height and Weight in Relation to Joint Cartilage Thickness Among School-aged Children From Ultrasonographic Measurement

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57421/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chunchun Gau ◽

Tsung-Chieh Yao ◽

Shu-Ting Gan ◽

Syh-Jae Lin ◽

Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cartilage Thickness ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Asian Children ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Abstract Background: Among school-age children, the decrease of cartilage thickness (Cth) with increasing age is well known. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI), height or weight on Cth has not been revealed. Here in, we aim to establish an age- and gender-specific Cth standard reference among Asians and investigate the possible prestige of BMI, height and weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy Asian children. Bilateral knees, ankles, wrists, second metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) and proximal interphalangeals (PIPs) were measured using ultrasound. The children’s height, weight and BMI were also recorded for later adjustment.Results: A total of 200 school age Asian children (including 86 girls and 114 boys, aged between 5 to 13 years-old) were investigated. Cth differences were observed in the knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs between sexes (p<0.05), with girls having thinner cartilage thickness. While Cth decreases with increasing age ( p <0.0001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.023, 0.091 in girls’ knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs and p = 0.002, 0.001, <0.0001, 0.001, 0.045 in boys’, respectively). Our data showed that weight, height and BMI are not the main factors contributing to Cth. A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. There was no difference in Cth after adjusting for height or weight between Asian or Caucasian group.Conclusions: A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. Height, weight and BMI were not the major contributor for Cth among school age children.

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The Effectiveness of Traditional Games intervention program in the Improvement of Form One School-Age Children’s Motor Skills Related Performance Components

Movement Health & Exercise ◽

10.15282/mohe.v6i2.142 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Alli Gipit @ Charles ◽

Mohamad Razali Abdullah ◽

Rabiu Muazu Musa ◽

Norlaila Azura Kosni ◽

Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

School Age Children ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

School Age ◽

Motor Abilities ◽

Post Test ◽

Age Range

Abstract:As children age, motor performance develops. Motor performance abilities enable children to process information in handling specific task efficiently. Although children develop motor skills in a variety of physical activities, it could be, however, easily achieved when they engage in voluntary activities in conformity with their interests. Traditional games offer the opportunity for children to play and officiate the rules without any constraint. The current study intends to explore the effectiveness of the traditional games intervention program in the improvement of form one school-age children’s motor skills related performance components. A total number of 40 form one Malaysian student [male (n=20) and female (n=20)] with age range of 12-13 selected randomly participated in the study. The quasi-experiment method was applied in the study and experiment group (n=40) went through traditional games intervention which consisted of performing selected traditional games for 60 minutes, three times weekly for eight weeks. The pre-test (before treatment), mid-test (week fourth) and post-test (week eight) data were collected and analysed using MANOVA repeated measure. The results indicate a significant improvement of motor performance through traditional games intervention [F (8, 29) = 1704.16, p < .05]. Follow-up tests also show that the traditional games intervention is a factor [F(12,105) =1.99, p < .05] to agility [F(3,36) = .50, p >.05], reaction time [F(3,36) = .51, p >.05], speed [F(3,36) = 3.64, p <.05] and balance [F(3,36) = .02, p > .05]. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that Malaysian based traditional games are effective in improving motor abilities of school-age children.

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Helminthiasis among School-Age Children and Hygiene Conditions of Selected Schools in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed4030112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eniola M. Abe ◽

Onyinye C. Echeta ◽

Akwashiki Ombugadu ◽

Linus Ajah ◽

Peter O. Aimankhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Schools ◽

School Health ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

School Age Children ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

School Age ◽

School Health Program ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Government ◽

And Gender

The burden of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infections in Nigeria is enormous with serious public health significance. This study, therefore, assessed helminthiasis among school-age children and the hygiene conditions of schools in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria between December 2015 and April 2016 from four randomly selected primary schools. Stool samples were collected from 200 primary school pupils including 80 males (40%) and 120 females (60%) between five and 16 years, using clean sample bottles and a standard parasitology examination technique at the central laboratory at the Federal University, Lafia. An overall prevalence of 33.5% (67/200) helminths infections was recorded. A checklist of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis was generated from the pooled data of the four studied schools in which A. lumbricoides occurred highest with 13% (26/200) while S. stercoralis was the least prevalent at 2.50% (5/200). Among the schools sampled, St. James Pilot Science Primary School’s children were the most infected at 44% (22/50). Multiple infections were observed in three of the four schools sampled. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence rates of different STHs infections in relation to age group and gender across schools. Our findings showed that the hygiene conditions in the studied schools were poor without water, hand washing materials, refuse bins, as well as poor sanitary conditions. This study also identified ova and larvae of STHs parasites in the analyzed soil samples from the studied schools. Most school-age children had knowledge about contamination but few among them washed their hands with water and soap. The obtained result indicated a negative association between the prevalence of STHs and the proportion of pupils that cleaned up with water after defection. We, therefore, advise that hygiene conditions in schools be improved and that the government should prioritize enrolling all primary schools in Nasarawa state for the school health program so as to reduce the burden of STHs among school-age children in the state.

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Overall physical fitness in young school-age children with bilateral severe hearing loss

Physiotherapy ◽

10.2478/physio-2013-0016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eugeniusz Bolach ◽

Bartosz Bolach ◽

Kamila Wiernicka

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

The Body ◽

School Age Children ◽

Control Group ◽

School Age ◽

Lower Velocity ◽

Motor Abilities ◽

Hearing Organ ◽

Children With Hearing Loss

AbstractIntroduction: Physical fitness is expressed by the function of the motor apparatus, the capacity of organs and systems of the body, as well as motor abilities and life activity. Motor and physical development of children with hearing loss due to a damage of the hearing organ can differ from their hearing peers. The hearing organ dysfunctions can have adverse effect on motricity due to its connections with the nervous system and semicircular canals.Material and methods: The present study comprised 60 school-age children; the experimental group consisted of 30 girls and boys with hearing loss, while the control group included 30 hearing girls and boys. The children’s age varied between 9 and 11 years; the mean age was 9.75 years. In both groups of children their body mass index was calculated and their overall physical fitness was assessed using the Eurofit - European Physical Fitness Test.Results: It was found that hearing impairment was mainly connected with the worse sense of balance, lower velocity of upper limb movements and decreased level of agility, i.e. indirectly with worse motor coordination. In addition, it was proved that generally girls manifested a better sense of balance and flexibility, whereas boys showed a higher static and dynamic strength and better agility and endurance.Conclusions: The study confirmed the hypothesis that children with hearing loss have lower overall physical fitness than their hearing peers. Therefore there is a need to develop motor abilities in children with hearing loss by involving them in deliberate and systematic physical activity.

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An assesment of body posture of children aged 3-6 years

HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.0669 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Mateusz Świerc ◽

Paweł Dolibog ◽

Katarzyna Rajfur ◽

Joanna Rajfur ◽

Iwona Chorążewska

Keyword(s):

Body Shape ◽

Social Situation ◽

The Body ◽

Body Posture ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Spine Length ◽

Lumbar Segment ◽

And Gender ◽

Upper Thoracic

Background: A posture defect may be defined as a syndrome of abnormalities occurring in a relaxed upright position of the body. Deviations from the typical body shape are specific for given age and gender. Life determinants and social situation have a very significant impact on the development of body posture in young people. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of spinal defects in children aged 3–6 years. Material and methods: The study included 75 children aged 3–6 years. The children were examined for spinal defects using the MORA computer system. Results: Boys in the study showed a correlation between height and the inclination of the upper thoracic segment, whereas no such correlation was observed in girls. A significant relationship was also demonstrated between BMI and compensation and inclination of the lumbar segment in all subjects. Overall height was also noted to be significantly related to both spine length and the length of its curvature. Conclusions: The occurrence of spinal defects is influenced by gender. BMI can have a significant impact on spinal morphology and the formation of body posture, even in pre-school age children.

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