scholarly journals An assesment of body posture of children aged 3-6 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Mateusz Świerc ◽  
Paweł Dolibog ◽  
Katarzyna Rajfur ◽  
Joanna Rajfur ◽  
Iwona Chorążewska
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Lumbar Segment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Upper Thoracic

Background: A posture defect may be defined as a syndrome of abnormalities occurring in a relaxed upright position of the body. Deviations from the typical body shape are specific for given age and gender. Life determinants and social situation have a very significant impact on the development of body posture in young people. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of spinal defects in children aged 3–6 years. Material and methods: The study included 75 children aged 3–6 years. The children were examined for spinal defects using the MORA computer system. Results: Boys in the study showed a correlation between height and the inclination of the upper thoracic segment, whereas no such correlation was observed in girls. A significant relationship was also demonstrated between BMI and compensation and inclination of the lumbar segment in all subjects. Overall height was also noted to be significantly related to both spine length and the length of its curvature. Conclusions: The occurrence of spinal defects is influenced by gender. BMI can have a significant impact on spinal morphology and the formation of body posture, even in pre-school age children.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MOTOR STATUS OF YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN RELATION TO THEIR NUTRITIONAL STATUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Pelemiš ◽  
Darijan Ujsasi ◽  
Velibor Srdić ◽  
Danica Džinović ◽  
Slobodan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the research is to determine whether there are gender differences between younger school-age children, and whether those differences within the sub-sample are influenced by the state of mass and motor skills. The whole sample included 285 respondents age 7.27±0.43, of which 144 boys (50.52%), and 141 girls (49.48%) who attended the first grade on the territory of the Province of Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). The Eurofit battery of tests was used. The research results show that the prevalence of children with severe thinness in the whole sample is low 3.87%; children with normal mass 65.26%; pre-obese children only 18.59% and obese children only 12.28%, so that gender differences in motor skills considering the whole sample, apart from the mass, are between average values for boys considering explosive strength of the lower extremities, repetitive strength of the body and agility. Statistically significant differences within the sub-sample considering motor abilities were seen neither in boys nor in girls of different mass. The research findings show that there is significant percentage of children with normal mass and that the flow of their mass is within their growth and development. Their motor development within the sub-sample also flows equally, and gender differences are present because of differentiation of motor skills, which appears in this period. The authors think that greater differences and variables in respect to mass and motor activities are to be seen in the period of pre-puberty.

Lice

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Howard C. Sonnenblick
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Pediculosis Capitis ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Pediculosis Pubis

Three forms of pediculosis affect the human host, each with a predilection for certain parts of the body. Pediculosis capitis. or head lice, is the most common type and is seen primarily in preschool and school-age children, especially girls. Transmission occurs by coming into direct contact with lice or by sharing infested brushes, combs, and hats. Adult lice and their eggs (nits) are found principally in the occipital region and behind the ears. Symptoms include severe itching, often resulting in excoriation and secondary bacterial infection. Pediculosis pubis is seen most commonly in sexually active adolescents and young adults, although occasionally it may be found on the eyelashes of small children who come in contact with infected individuals.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN BASED ON EATING HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Tri Peni ◽  
Siti Indatul Laili ◽  
Esti Dwi Jayanti ◽  
Dwi Anggita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Eating Patterns

Dietary habit is behaviors that are appropriate for the selection of the right foods so that they will provide good nutritional status. Nutrients that consist of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and micro substances such as vitamins and minerals needed by the body for the process of growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between eating patterns with the nutritional status and cognitive abilities of elementary school children. Cross-Sectional research design. The population in this study were all students as many as 367 students, the sampling used was a Stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 192 respondents. Data analysis uses the Spearman Rank Rho statistical test. The results of the analysis of dietary variables with nutritional status were obtained ρ (0.003) <α (0.05), so H0 was rejected, meaning that there was a relationship between eating patterns and nutritional status of school-age children, with a value of r = 0.210 which showed a high positive correlation. The results of the analysis of nutritional status variables with cognitive abilities obtained results ρ = 0.00, <α = 0.05. meaning that there is a relationship between nutritional status and cognitive learning achievement in elementary school children. Normal nutritional status can be obtained by applying a positive diet so that the intake that enters the body in accordance with the needs of the body. Children who have normal nutritional status have good cognitive abilities. Parents are the most important support in optimizing children's growth and development

scholarly journals Physical development of children in St. Petersburg: to the discussion about methods of evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Vera L. Gritsinskaya ◽  
Valeria P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
School Age ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Growth Assessment

Anthropometric evaluation is an essential feature of pediatric evaluation. Different countries use different approaches in pediatric growth assessment. The article presents a comparative analysis of the body length (BL) indicators of modern school-age children in St. Petersburg with regional standards (1991) and international standards (WHO Growth Reference 2007). Anthropometric evaluation was conducted among 6207 children aged 7 to 17 years; the median, standard deviation and centile distribution of the BL values of school-age children were determined. We found that the values of BL of modern school-age children are higher than that their peers had thirty years ago; in boys, the maximum difference is found during the pubertal growth spurt; Non-parametric and parametric indicators of BL in senior pupils of St. Petersburg are higher than in the standards of the World Health Organization; in junior schoolchildren no difference was found. The data we obtained create the prerequisites for the development of modern regional standards for growth assessment of children and school-age children in St. Petersburg and their practical use for pediatric examinations.

Vitamin D status in Mexican children 1 to 11 years of age: an update from the Ensanut 2018-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3 May-Jun) ◽  
pp. 382-393
Author(s):  
Mario E Flores ◽  
Marta Rivera-Pasquel ◽  
Andrys Valdez-Sánchez ◽  
Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora ◽  
Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Mexican Children

Objective. To evaluate vitamin D status and deficiency in Mexican children and related factors, with updated data from a representative national survey. Materials and methods. Data and serum samples of child participants were collected in the Ensanut 2018-19. The measurement 25-(OH)-D was obtained through chemiluminescence. Height and weight, as well as dietary information, were measured using a semi-quan­titative food frequency questionnaire and sociodemographic information. Results. Data of 4 691 children aged 1-11 years were analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D<50 nmol/L) was found in 27.3% of pre-school-age children and 17.2% of school-age children, and was positively associated with the body mass index (BMI). Main dietary sources were milk, eggs and dairy products, which in combination provided >70% of vitamin D intake. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is important in Mexican children. Actions and programs to fight this deficiency are required.

scholarly journals Simultaneous assessement of social skills and behavior problems: Education and gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Turini BOLSONI-SILVA ◽  
Sonia Regina LOUREIRO
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Behavior Problem ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The aim was to compare the social skills of preschool and school-age children, considering groups differentiated by behavior problem indicators, according to the assessment performed by parents and teachers. Children of both genders participated in this study. Parents/primary caregivers assessed 194 children and 294 children were assessed by their teachers. The results indicated that, for the parents and teachers, the children without problems were more socially skilled. The gender of the children distinguished the repertoire of social skills, according to their parents, mainly the school-age children. For the teachers, considering both school periods, girls were more socially skilled and, for both parents and teachers, boys presented more behavior problems. These data have implications for assessment and intervention procedures.

Differences in the level of body equilibrium by sex in early school-age children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Ljubičić ◽  
Ljubomir Antekolović ◽  
Vedran Dukarić
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
School Age ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Female Bodies

Equilibrium represents the motor capability responsible for the performance of virtually all functional movements. Thus, the importance of early diagnosis of equilibrium levels in boys and girls was recognized as the key factor for the prevention of motor deficits and muscles misbalances later in life. Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to show the difference between boys and girls aged 7‒10 years in the level of unilateral static balance of the take-off leg. Methods: Research was conducted at the Kvarner Athletics Club Rijeka, and it involved 80 children aged 7‒10 years (38 boys and 42 girls). Measurement of static unilateral equilibrium was obtained using Gyko Inertial System (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Three attempts were made in 20 seconds and two motor variables were observed: medio-lateral and antero-posterior trajectories of the body. For both variables, the arithmetic mean, the minimum and maximum score and standard deviation were calculated. Moreover, a non-parametric method of the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine statistical significance between boys and girls. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Statistically, girls have significantly better results compared to boys, both in the medio-lateral trajectory variable (M_Sumg = 335.1, M_Sumb = 479.34) and the antero-posterior trajectory variable (M_Sumg = 291.14, M_Sumb = 411.71). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that girls aged 7‒10 years achieved significantly better results compared to boys in observed motor variables (medio-lateral and antero-posterior trajectory of the body), when performing a static unilateral take-off leg balance test. These results are consistent with previous research. Indications for such results stem from different perspectives, among which the most common one refers to the earlier maturation of the systems responsible for postural control in female bodies. Recommendation for further research is to conduct examination on a larger sample of subjects, in younger children (pre-school age) and with both legs.

Are children able to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude?

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Galanaki
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Human Desire

School-age children’s ability to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude was the focus of this study. This ability has been largely neglected by researchers. Also, the relation of this ability with self-reported loneliness was examined. Individual interviews were conducted with 180 second, fourth, and sixth graders from Athens, Greece. Their responses were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Results showed that school-age children were able to perceive the differences between aloneness and loneliness, although they frequently associated being alone with feeling lonely. Nearly half of them perceived the motivational dimension, which distinguishes voluntary from involuntary aloneness. The ability to recognise the existence of beneficial aloneness, that is, solitude, was extremely limited among second graders, but increased dramatically up to the beginning of adolescence. About two thirds of the total sample acknowledged the human desire to be alone. Girls were significantly more able than boys to perceive the differences between aloneness and loneliness, the motivational dimension, and the desire to be alone. More than two-thirds of the total sample had experienced loneliness, but this experience appeared to be unrelated to their understanding of the various aloneness concepts. Age and gender differences, as well as children’s various justifications of their responses, are discussed in the framework of the existing theoretical and research literature on children’s aloneness, loneliness, and solitude.

scholarly journals Age, Gender, Height and Weight in Relation to Joint Cartilage Thickness Among School-aged Children From Ultrasonographic Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchun Gau ◽  
Tsung-Chieh Yao ◽  
Shu-Ting Gan ◽  
Syh-Jae Lin ◽  
Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background: Among school-age children, the decrease of cartilage thickness (Cth) with increasing age is well known. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI), height or weight on Cth has not been revealed. Here in, we aim to establish an age- and gender-specific Cth standard reference among Asians and investigate the possible prestige of BMI, height and weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy Asian children. Bilateral knees, ankles, wrists, second metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) and proximal interphalangeals (PIPs) were measured using ultrasound. The children’s height, weight and BMI were also recorded for later adjustment.Results: A total of 200 school age Asian children (including 86 girls and 114 boys, aged between 5 to 13 years-old) were investigated. Cth differences were observed in the knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs between sexes (p<0.05), with girls having thinner cartilage thickness. While Cth decreases with increasing age ( p <0.0001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.023, 0.091 in girls’ knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs and p = 0.002, 0.001, <0.0001, 0.001, 0.045 in boys’, respectively). Our data showed that weight, height and BMI are not the main factors contributing to Cth. A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. There was no difference in Cth after adjusting for height or weight between Asian or Caucasian group.Conclusions: A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. Height, weight and BMI were not the major contributor for Cth among school age children.

scholarly journals Determination of Moving Speed of School Age Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Milan Simeunović ◽  
Ilija Tanackov ◽  
Pavle Pitka ◽  
Milja Simeunović ◽  
Zoran Papić
Keyword(s):  
School Age Children ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moving Speed ◽  
Number Of Authors

School age children (pedestrians) can move at different speeds, which are conditioned by certain parameters. Not all parameters have the same effect on the pedestrian speed. According to the literature, gender and age are the most researched parameters that have an impact on the speed of pedestrians. However, a small number of authors have dealt with the influence of movement regimes (slow, normal, fast, run, and rush) on pedestrian speed, while at the same time taking into account age and gender. For that reason, this article measured the speed of movement of school age children by movement regimes, taking into account age and gender. Within the same movement regime, the influence of age, sex, height, and weight on the speed of movement was investigated. Experimental measurements of the speed of movement of pedestrians aged 7 to 20 years were performed. Based on the results of measurements and statistical analyzes, recommendations on the average speed of movement regimes, age, and gender are given.

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