Gut microbiota in chronic pancreatitis patients are characterized by significant dysbiosis and overgrowth by opportunistic pathogens

Hyperactivaion of immme system is considered by most investigators as importantfactor, contributing to progression of HIV-infection and development ofAIDS. In the review modern knowledge about mechanisms and results of activation of immune system during HIV-infection are presented. HIV itself, opportunistic pathogens and components of gut microbiota, first of all, endotoxins ofgram-negative bacteria are considered as probable "activators" of immune system. High levels of endotoxin and markers of immune activation are associated with an even greater rate of progression of HIV-infection.

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Metagenomic analysis of taxonomic and functional changes in gut microbiota of patients with alcoholic dependence syndrome

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20156106742 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 742-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V.B. Dubinkina ◽

A.V. Tyakht ◽

E.N. Ilina ◽

D.S. Ischenko ◽

B.A. Kovarsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Differential Analysis ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Metabolic Potential ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽

Metagenomic Study

Here we present the first metagenomic study of gut microbiota in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) performed in the whole-genome (“shotgun”) format. Taxonomic analysis highlighted changes in community “drivers” abundance previously associated with inflammatory processes (including increase in Ruminococcus gnavus and torques, as well as decrease in Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia). Microbiota of alcoholics manifested presence of specific opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in healthy control subjects of the world. Differential analysis of metabolic potential basing on changes in KEGG Orthology groups abundance revealed increase in pathways associated with response to oxidative stress. Analysis of two specific gene groups – alcohol metabolism and virulence factors – also showed increase in comparison with the control groups. We suggest that gut microbiota distinct in alcoholics by both taxonomic and functional composition plays role in modulating the effect of alcohol on host organism.

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Gut Microbiota May Not Be Fully Restored in Recovered COVID-19 Patients After 3-Month Recovery

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.638825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Tian ◽

Kai-yi Sun ◽

Tian-qing Meng ◽

Zhen Ye ◽

Shi-meng Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Gut Health ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Recovery Stage ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected over 124 million people worldwide. In addition to the development of therapeutics and vaccines, the evaluation of the sequelae in recovered patients is also important. Recent studies have indicated that COVID-19 has the ability to infect intestinal tissues and to trigger alterations of the gut microbiota. However, whether these changes in gut microbiota persist into the recovery stage remains largely unknown. Here, we recruited seven healthy Chinese men and seven recovered COVID-19 male patients with an average of 3-months after discharge and analyzed their fecal samples by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to identify the differences in gut microbiota. Our results suggested that the gut microbiota differed in male recovered patients compared with healthy controls, in which a significant difference in Chao index, Simpson index, and β-diversity was observed. And the relative abundance of several bacterial species differed clearly between two groups, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and insufficiency of some anti-inflammatory bacteria in producing short chain fatty acids. The above findings provide preliminary clues supporting that the imbalanced gut microbiota may not be fully restored in recovered patients, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring of gut health in people who have recovered from COVID-19.

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Disordered Gut Microbiota in Children Who Have Chronic Pancreatitis and Different Functional Gene Mutations

Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology ◽

10.14309/ctg.0000000000000150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e00150

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Yuan Xiao ◽

Xinqiong Wang ◽

Yiran Zhou ◽

Ting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Functional Gene

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Altered Gut Microbiota in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis is Associated With Gut Barrier Dysfunction and Metabolic Abnormalities

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1016/j.cgh.2016.09.023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Rupjyoti Talukdar ◽

S.M. Jandhyala ◽

R. Reddy ◽

M. Arutla ◽

D.N. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Gut Barrier

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Emergence of nosocomial associated opportunistic pathogens in the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control ◽

10.1186/s13756-021-00903-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Raplee ◽

Lacey Walker ◽

Lei Xu ◽

Anil Surathu ◽

Ashok Chockalingam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Oral Antibiotic ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Taxonomic Assignment ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract Introduction According to the Centers for Disease Control’s 2015 Hospital Acquired Infection Hospital Prevalence Survey, 1 in 31 hospital patients was infected with at least one nosocomial pathogen while being treated for unrelated issues. Many studies associate antibiotic administration with nosocomial infection occurrence. However, to our knowledge, there is little to no direct evidence of antibiotic administration selecting for nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. Aim This study aims to confirm gut microbiota shifts in an animal model of antibiotic treatment to determine whether antibiotic use favors pathogenic bacteria. Methodology We utilized next-generation sequencing and in-house metagenomic assembly and taxonomic assignment pipelines on the fecal microbiota of a urinary tract infection mouse model with and without antibiotic treatment. Results Antibiotic therapy decreased the number of detectable species of bacteria by at least 20-fold. Furthermore, the gut microbiota of antibiotic treated mice had a significant increase of opportunistic pathogens that have been implicated in nosocomial infections, like Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex, Chlamydia abortus, Bacteroides fragilis, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Moreover, antibiotic treatment selected for antibiotic resistant gene enriched subpopulations for many of these opportunistic pathogens. Conclusions Oral antibiotic therapy may select for common opportunistic pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. In this study opportunistic pathogens present after antibiotic therapy harbored more antibiotic resistant genes than populations of opportunistic pathogens before treatment. Our results demonstrate the effects of antibiotic therapy on induced dysbiosis and expansion of opportunistic pathogen populations and antibiotic resistant subpopulations of those pathogens. Follow-up studies with larger samples sizes and potentially controlled clinical investigations should be performed to confirm our findings.

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Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32753/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haoqing Shao ◽

Chenyang Zhang ◽

Nenqun Xiao ◽

Zhoujin Tan

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Control Group ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Model Group ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Abstract Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most commonly adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea.Results: The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). The abundance of 8 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Aerococcus, and Pseudomonas, increased significantly, and the abundance of 3 genera, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Adlercreutzia, decreased significantly in the model group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were the key differential genera in the model group.Conclusions: The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

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Gut Microbiota-Mediated Inflammation and Gut Permeability in Patients with Obesity and Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21186782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6782 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽

Rafael Ordóñez ◽

Ana Otero ◽

Isaac Plaza-Andrade ◽

Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Obesity And Cancer

Obesity is considered an important factor that increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). So far, the association of gut microbiota with both obesity and cancer has been described independently. Nevertheless, a specific obesity-related microbial profile linked to CRC development has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota composition in fecal samples from CRC patients with (OB-CRC) and without obesity (L-CRC) compared to the microbiota profile present in non-obese healthy controls (L-HC), in order to unravel the possible relationship between gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the inflammatory status, and the intestinal permeability in the context of obesity-associated CRC. The presence of obesity does not induce significant changes in the diversity and richness of intestinal bacteria of CRC patients. Nevertheless, OB-CRC patients display a specific gut microbiota profile characterized by a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria and an overabundance of opportunistic pathogens, which in turn could be responsible, at least in part, for the higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, the deleterious bacterial metabolite TMAO, and gut permeability found in these patients. These results suggest a possible role of obesity-related gut microbiota in the development of CRC, which could give new clues for the design of new diagnostic tools for CRC prevention.

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Gut microbiota characteristics in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-01999-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haoqing Shao ◽

Chenyang Zhang ◽

Nenqun Xiao ◽

Zhoujin Tan

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Model Group ◽

Clear Separation ◽

Health Control ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most common adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea. Results The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarkers for AAD. Conclusions The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

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