scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Mediated Inflammation and Gut Permeability in Patients with Obesity and Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Rafael Ordóñez ◽  
Ana Otero ◽  
Isaac Plaza-Andrade ◽  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Obesity is considered an important factor that increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). So far, the association of gut microbiota with both obesity and cancer has been described independently. Nevertheless, a specific obesity-related microbial profile linked to CRC development has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota composition in fecal samples from CRC patients with (OB-CRC) and without obesity (L-CRC) compared to the microbiota profile present in non-obese healthy controls (L-HC), in order to unravel the possible relationship between gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the inflammatory status, and the intestinal permeability in the context of obesity-associated CRC. The presence of obesity does not induce significant changes in the diversity and richness of intestinal bacteria of CRC patients. Nevertheless, OB-CRC patients display a specific gut microbiota profile characterized by a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria and an overabundance of opportunistic pathogens, which in turn could be responsible, at least in part, for the higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, the deleterious bacterial metabolite TMAO, and gut permeability found in these patients. These results suggest a possible role of obesity-related gut microbiota in the development of CRC, which could give new clues for the design of new diagnostic tools for CRC prevention.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF HIV-INFECTION: THE ROLE OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN PROGRESSION OF DISEASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
I. G. Mustafin ◽  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Modern Knowledge

Hyperactivaion of immme system is considered by most investigators as importantfactor, contributing to progression of HIV-infection and development ofAIDS. In the review modern knowledge about mechanisms and results of activation of immune system during HIV-infection are presented. HIV itself, opportunistic pathogens and components of gut microbiota, first of all, endotoxins ofgram-negative bacteria are considered as probable "activators" of immune system. High levels of endotoxin and markers of immune activation are associated with an even greater rate of progression of HIV-infection.

scholarly journals Study of the Relationship between Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Using 16SrRNA Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanxin Liu ◽  
Ren Zhang ◽  
Rong Shu ◽  
Jinjing Yu ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals

A lot of previous studies have recently reported that the gut microbiota influences the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Western countries, but the role of the gut microbiota in Chinese population must be investigated fully. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the gut microbiome in the initiation and development of CRC. We collected fecal samples of 206 Chinese individuals: 59 with polyp (group P), 54 with adenoma (group A), 51 with colorectal cancer (group CC), and 42 healthy controls (group HC).16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used to compare the microbiota community structures among healthy controls, patients with polyp, and those with adenoma or colorectal cancer. Our study proved that intestinal flora, as a specific indicator, showed significant differences in its diversity and composition. Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes of group CC were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group (CC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 217.3 ± 69, 4265.1 ± 80.7, and 268.6 ± 78.1, respectively; HC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 228.8 ± 44.4, 272.9 ± 58.6, and 271.9 ± 57.2, respectively). When compared with the healthy individuals, the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly reduced: PCA and PCoA both revealed that a significant separation in bacterial community composition between the CC group and HC group (with PCA using the first two principal component scores of PC1 14.73% and PC2 10.34% of the explained variance, respectively; PCoA : PC1 = 14%, PC2 = 9%, PC3 = 6%). Wilcox tests was used to analyze differences between the two groups, it reveals that Firmicutes (P=0.000356), Fusobacteria (P=0.000001), Proteobacteria (P=0.000796), Spirochaetes (P=0.013421), Synergistetes (P=0.005642) were phyla with significantly different distributions between cases and controls. The proportion of microorganism composition is varying at different stages of colon cancer development: Bacteroidetes (52.14%) and Firmicutes (35.88%) were enriched in the healthy individuals; on the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (52.14%-53.92%-52.46%–47.06%) and Firmicutes (35.88%-29.73%-24.27%–25.36%) is decreasing with the development of health-polyp-adenomas-CRC, and the abundance of Proteobacteria (9.33%-12.31%-16.51%–22.37%) is increasing. PCA and PCOA analysis showed there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in species similarity between precancerous and carcinogenic states. However, the composition of the microflora in patients with precancerous lesions (including patients with adenoma and polyp) was proved to have no significant disparity (P<0.05). Our study provides insights into new angles to dig out potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer and to provide scientific advice for a healthy lifestyle for the sake of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hills ◽  
Benjamin Pontefract ◽  
Hillary Mishcon ◽  
Cody Black ◽  
Steven Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Prebiotic Fiber

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders and colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence in Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden of care. Dietary patterns and environmental factors have a profound effect on shaping gut microbiota in real time. Diverse populations of intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through the fermentation of dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with important roles in lipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that an individual’s starting microbial profile is a key determinant in predicting their response to intervention with live probiotics. The gut microbiota is complex and challenging to characterize. Enterotypes have been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla, and the relative abundance of beneficial genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition and relative populations of bacterial species are linked to physiologic health along different axes. We review the role of diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, and prebiotic fiber in maintaining healthy gut flora. The implications are discussed for various conditions including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microbes representing over 1,000 species of bacteria with over 3 million genes, significantly impacts intestinal health and disease. The gut microbiota not only is capable of promoting intestinal homeostasis and antitumor responses but can also contribute to chronic dysregulated inflammation as well as have genotoxic effects that lead to carcinogenesis. Whether the gut microbiota maintains health or promotes colon cancer may ultimately depend on the composition of the gut microbiome and the balance within the microbial community of protective and detrimental bacterial populations. Disturbances in the normal balanced state of a healthful microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, whether these alterations precede and cause CRC remains to be determined. Nonetheless, studies in mice strongly suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate susceptibility to CRC, and therefore may serve as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Manipulating the Gut Microbiota to Manage Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6198-6202
Author(s):  
Anthony Paulo Sunjaya ◽  
Angela Felicia Sunjaya ◽  
Meilani Kumala
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Diet Modification ◽  
Food Biotechnology ◽  
Microbial Strain

Obesity has currently become a worldwide epidemic. Currently, lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery remains the only available armamentarium. However, lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy resulted in variable outcomes and are often unsustainable. On the other hand, advances in metagenomics and food biotechnology has reported the important role of gut microbiota in the complex pathophysiology of obesity and its possible role in treating it. This review aims to discuss the potential of manipulating gut microbiota to tackle obesity. Articles were obtained through Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, High Wire and Elsevier Clinical Key using the keywords “obesity AND gut microbiota or synonyms.” Various studies have shown the interactions between gut microbiota, gut permeability and the immune system as a mechanism that links diet, obesity and its comorbidities. There are currently several reported methods of manipulating gut microbiota namely, though probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and diet modification with varying outcomes based on the microbial strain affected and used. Studies have also proposed manipulating gut microbiota as a way to prevent and manage obesity en-mass. Conclusions: Gut microbiota plays a great role in maintaining body’s energy balance. Manipulating gut microbiota has great potential to become a low cost and effective treatment for obesity and its prevention with minimal side effects for long-term use. The various forms of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics currently available would be able to increase patient’s compliance and easiness in distribution. Better management of obesity would lead to a reduction in many comorbidities including heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

scholarly journals Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play a Role?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cirillo ◽  
Cecilia Catellani ◽  
Chiara Sartori ◽  
Pietro Lazzeroni ◽  
Sergio Amarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Obesity And Cancer ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Regulate Gene

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.

scholarly journals Xenobiotics Formed during Food Processing: Their Relation with the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja M. Nogacka ◽  
María Gómez-Martín ◽  
Adolfo Suárez ◽  
Oscar González-Bernardo ◽  
Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
The Relationship

The colonic epithelium is exposed to a mixture of compounds through diet, among which some are procarcinogens, whereas others have a protective effect. Therefore, the net impact of these compounds on human health depends on the overall balance between all factors involved. Strong scientific evidence has demonstrated the relationship between nitrosamines (NA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the major genotoxins derived from cooking and food processing, and cancer. The mechanisms of the relationship between dietary toxic xenobiotics and cancer risk are not yet well understood, but it has been suggested that differences in dietary habits affect the colonic environment by increasing or decreasing the exposure to mutagens directly and indirectly through changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Several changes in the proportions of specific microbial groups have been proposed as risk factors for the development of neoplastic lesions and the enrichment of enterotoxigenic microbial strains in stool. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota composition and activity promoted by diet may modify the faecal genotoxicity/cytotoxicity, which can be associated with a higher or lower risk of developing cancer. Therefore, the interaction between dietary components and intestinal bacteria may be a modifiable factor for the development of colorectal cancer in humans and deserves more attention in the near future.

scholarly journals Host–MicroRNA–Microbiota Interactions in Colorectal Cancer

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Yuan ◽  
Clifford J. Steer ◽  
Subbaya Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Changes in gut microbiota composition have consistently been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet, it is not entirely clear how the gut microbiota interacts with tumor cells. We know that tumor cells undergo a drastic change in energy metabolism, mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), and that tumor-derived miRNAs affect the stromal and immune cell fractions of the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies suggest that host intestinal miRNAs can also affect the growth and composition of the gut microbiota. Our previous CRC studies showed a high-level of interconnectedness between host miRNAs and their microbiota. Considering all the evidence to date, we postulate that the altered nutrient composition and miRNA expression in the CRC microenvironment selectively exerts pressure on the surrounding microbiota, leading to alterations in its composition. In this review article, we present our current understanding of the role of miRNAs in mediating host–microbiota interactions in CRC.

scholarly journals Development of a colorectal cancer diagnostic model and dietary risk assessment through gut microbiome analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinho Yang ◽  
Andrea McDowell ◽  
Eun Kyoung Kim ◽  
Hochan Seo ◽  
Won Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Critical Public Health

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer and poses a critical public health threat due to the global spread of westernized diets high in meat, cholesterol, and fat. Although the link between diet and colorectal cancer has been well established, the mediating role of the gut microbiota remains elusive. In this study, we sought to elucidate the connection between the gut microbiota, diet, and CRC through metagenomic analysis of bacteria isolated from the stool of CRC (n = 89) and healthy (n = 161) subjects. This analysis yielded a dozen genera that were significantly altered in CRC patients, including increased Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Dorea, and Porphyromonas prevalence and diminished Pseudomonas, Prevotella, Acinetobacter, and Catenibacterium carriage. Based on these altered genera, we developed two novel CRC diagnostic models through stepwise selection and a simplified model using two increased and two decreased genera. As both models yielded strong AUC values above 0.8, the simplified model was applied to assess diet-based CRC risk in mice. Mice fed a westernized high-fat diet (HFD) showed greater CRC risk than mice fed a regular chow diet. Furthermore, we found that nonglutinous rice, glutinous rice, and sorghum consumption reduced CRC risk in HFD-fed mice. Collectively, these findings support the critical mediating role of the gut microbiota in diet-induced CRC risk as well as the potential of dietary grain intake to reduce microbiota-associated CRC risk. Further study is required to validate the diagnostic prediction models developed in this study as well as the preventive potential of grain consumption to reduce CRC risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document