scholarly journals A plausible involvement of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor in the anxiolytic-like effect of ethyl acetate fraction and quercetin isolated from Ricinus communis Linn. leaves in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 100041
Author(s):  
Vaishali Murade ◽  
Amit Waghmare ◽  
Deepali Pakhare ◽  
Sonali Dichayal ◽  
Rajesh Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction

scholarly journals Evaluation of in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of crude extracts and solvent fractions of methanol extract of leaves of Ricinus communis Linn (Euphorbiaceae) against selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedaso Kebede ◽  
Workineh Shibeshi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Impacts of infectious diseases are reduced due to development of antimicrobial agents. However, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agents is reduced over time because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.To overcome these problems scholars have been searching for alternative medicines, particularly focusing on traditionally used medicinal plants. Ricinus communis Linn is used as a traditional treatment for bovine mastitis, wound infection, and other medicinal purposes. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Ricinus communis Linn leaf at crude extract level has been confirmed against human originated pathogens in the previous studies. The objective of the present study was to further evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Ricinus communis Linn leaf extracts and fractions. The Ricinus communis Linn leaves were macerated in absolute methanol and acetone solvents. The methanol crude extract was shown best antimicrobial activity and exposed to further fractionation via increasing polarity of solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous). Test microorganisms included in the study were six laboratory reference bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. Pyogenes), two clinical isolate bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus), and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined through broth microdilution method. Results The results indicated that the best antimicrobial activity(based on zone of inhibition) for ethyl acetate fraction ranging from 14.67 mm (clinical E. coli) to 20.33 mm (S. aureus) at 400mg/ml however, n-hexane exhibited lowest antimicrobial activity. Among tested fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was produced lowest MIC values ranging from 1.5625mg/ml (S. aureus) to 16.67 mg/ml (Candida albicans). The ethyl acetate fraction showed bactericidal activity against all tested microorganisms. Conclusion Methanol extract of Ricinus communis Linn leaf exhibited better antimicrobial activity than acetone extract. Hence, ethyl acetate fraction of crude methanol extract exhibited best antimicrobial activity indicating its potential for development of antimicrobial products.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of crude extracts and solvent fractions of methanol extract of leaves of Ricinus communis Linn (Euphorbiaceae) against selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedaso Kebede ◽  
Workineh Shibeshi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Impacts of infectious diseases are reduced due to development of antimicrobial agents. However, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agents is reduced over time because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.To overcome these problems scholars have been searching for alternative medicines, particularly focusing on traditionally used medicinal plants. Ricinus communis Linn is used as a traditional treatment for bovine mastitis, wound infection, and other medicinal purposes. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Ricinus communis Linn leaf at crude extract level has been confirmed against human originated pathogens in the previous studies. The objective of the present study was to further evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Ricinus communis Linn leaf extracts and fractions. The Ricinus communis Linn leaves were macerated in absolute methanol and acetone solvents. The methanol crude extract was shown best antimicrobial activity and exposed to further fractionation via increasing polarity of solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous). Test microorganisms included in the study were six laboratory reference bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. Pyogenes), two clinical isolate bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus), and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined through broth microdilution method. Results The results indicated that the best antimicrobial activity(based on zone of inhibition) for ethyl acetate fraction ranging from 14.67 mm (clinical E. coli) to 20.33 mm (S. aureus) at 400mg/ml however, n-hexane exhibited lowest antimicrobial activity. Among tested fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was produced lowest MIC values ranging from 1.5625mg/ml (S. aureus) to 16.67 mg/ml (Candida albicans). The ethyl acetate fraction showed bactericidal activity against all tested microorganisms. Conclusion Methanol extract of Ricinus communis Linn leaf exhibited better antimicrobial activity than acetone extract. Hence, ethyl acetate fraction of crude methanol extract exhibited best antimicrobial activity indicating its potential for development of antimicrobial products.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN Ricinus communis L (JARAK KEPYAR)

Alotrop ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Sarfina ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ◽  
Dewi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial Test ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of jarak kepyar’s  leaf extracts (Ricinus communis L.) and to determine of the fraction the growth of Erwinia carotovora. Jarak kepyar’s leaf extracted by maceration method using ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antioxidant test using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with various concentrations of 125 ppm, 100 ppm, 75 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 15 ppm and 5 ppm. Antibacterial test conducted on the active fractions as antioxidants using paper disc method and variations in the concentration of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 125 ppm, 62.5 ppm. Phytochemical test results jarak kepyar’s leaf contain secondary metabolites are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids. The test results demonstrate the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction is very strong as an antioxidant with IC50 values of 5.4 ppm and a strong ethanol fraction categorized as antioxidants IC50 of 99.8 ppm. Antibacterial test results showed inhibition of the leaf fraction of  jarak kepyar’s (Ricinus communis L.) against Erwinia carotovora categorized weak growth in ethanol fractions with inhibition zone diameter of 4 mm and being in ethyl acetate fraction with a diameter of 5 mm

Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity and total Polyphenol Content of Rosa multiflora and Rosa wichuraiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
Hyeusoo Kim ◽  
Kyeong Won Yun
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Total Polyphenol Content ◽  
Rosa Species

The fruit of Rosa multiflora has been used as traditional herbal medicine in Asian countries. The present investigation was undertaken to study the antimicrobial activity and total polyphenol content of hexane, ether, ethyl acetate, water fraction of methanol extract of fruit and flower from Rosa multiflora and Rosa wichuraiana. Antimicrobial activity of the mentioned fractions against 3 gram-positive and 4 gram-negative bacteria using disk diffussion method. The measurement of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the two Rosa species is the most effective against the tested bacteria. The total polyphenol content of ethyl acetate fraction of the two Rosa species is higher than the other fractions. The results indicate the antimicrobial activity was related with the total polyphenol content and the fruit and flower of the two Rosa species can be considered as a natural source of antimicrobial agents.

Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Stefani Dhale Rale ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Syamsul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

Modulation of the drug resistance by Platonia insignis Mart. extract, ethyl acetate fraction and Morelloflavone/Volkensiflavone (biflavonoids) in Staphylococcus aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Kelly Ferreira e Silva ◽  
Antonielly Campinho dos Reis ◽  
Emanuelly Elanny Andrade Pinheiroc ◽  
Jonas Nascimento de Sousa ◽  
Felipe Araújo de Alcântara Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations

Background: Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem, which requires urgent attention. Platonia insignis is a native species from the eastern Brazilian Amazon, used in the treatment of burns and wounds. Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. insignis (PIHA), the ethyl acetate fraction (PIAE), and its subfraction containing a mixture of biflavonoids (BF). Moreover, the effect of these natural products on the antibiotic activity against S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes was also evaluated. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined against different species of microorganisms. To evaluate the modulatory effect on the Norfloxacin-resistance, the MIC of this antibiotic was determined in the absence and presence of the natural products at subinhibitory concentrations. Inhibition of the EtBr efflux assays were conducted in the absence or presence of the natural products. Results: PIHA showed a microbicidal effect against S. aureus and C. albicans, while PIAE was bacteriosctatic for S. aureus. PIAE and BF at subinhibitory concentrations were able to reduce the MIC of Norfloxacin acting as modulating agents. BF was able to inhibit the efflux of EtBr efflux in S. aureus strains overexpressing specific efflux pump genes. Conclusion: P. inignisis a source of efflux pump inhibitors, including volkensiflavone and morelloflavone which were able to potentiate the Norfloxacin activity by NorA inhibition, being also able to inhibit QacA/B, TetK and MsrA. Volkensiflavone and morelloflavone could be used as adjuvant in the antibiotic therapy of multidrug resistant S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pumps.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

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