Placental weight, birth weight and fetal:placental weight ratio in dichorionic and monochorionic twin gestations in function of gestational age, cord insertion type and placental partition

Placenta ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. De Paepe ◽  
S. Shapiro ◽  
L.E. Young ◽  
F.I. Luks
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Monochorionic Twin

Mean Placental Birth Weight Ratio at Term in Primigravidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3496-3498
Author(s):  
Nazia Muneer ◽  
Shamaila Shamaun ◽  
Afshan Shahid ◽  
Riffat Jaleel ◽  
Mehreen Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine the mean placental birth weight ratio at term in primigravidae Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Civil Hospital Karachi, duration was six months after the approval of synopsis from 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2016 Subjects and Methods: A total of pregnant women who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included in this study. After delivery, baby was weighed by using weight machine and weight of baby was also noted (as per operational definition). After expulsion of complete placenta, placental weight was measured by using weight machine. The placental-birth weight ratio (PBWR) were calculated as ratio of placental weight to neonatal weight multiplied by 100. Results: Mean ± SD of maternal age was 24.77±4.04 with C.I (24.11----25.42) years. Mean ± SD of placental weight was 505.84±99.97 with C.I (489.71----521.97) grams. Out of 150 neonatal babies 101 (67.3%) were male and 49 (32.7%) were female. Mean placental birth weight ratio was found to be 16.82±2.63 with C.I (16.39----17.24). Conclusion: It is to be concluded that placental weight increased according to the birth weight. The placental weight to birth weight ratio decreased slightly with advancing gestational age. Keywords: Placental weight, Birth weight ratio, Labour at term, Primigravidae

Is hyperemesis gravidarum associated with placental weight and the placental weight-to-birth weight ratio? A population-based Norwegian cohort study

Placenta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 990-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. Vandraas ◽  
Å.V. Vikanes ◽  
N.C. Støer ◽  
S. Vangen ◽  
P. Magnus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Placental Weight

The Association between Disproportionate Birth Weight to Placental Weight Ratio, Clinical Outcome, and Placental Histopathological Lesions

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Ganer Herman ◽  
Hadas Miremberg ◽  
Letizia Schreiber ◽  
Jacob Bar ◽  
Michal Kovo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Histopathological Lesions

scholarly journals A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLACENTA IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT HYPOSPADIAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-020
Author(s):  
Bindhu S. ◽  
R K Avadhani ◽  
Meera Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Fetal Plasma

Abstract Introduction: Hypospadias can be defined as an abnormal urethral orifice under surface of the penis with or without chordee and with or without dorsal hood. At a critical time in sexual differentiation of the male fetus, HCG enters fetal plasma from syncytio trophoblast; acts as an LH surrogate and stimulate replication of testicular Ley dig cells and testosterone synthesis to promote male sexual differentiation. The placental insufficiency may disrupt the supply of nutrients and hcG to the fetus leading to growth retardation and hypospadias. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe and document morphological changes of placenta in children with hypospadias and compare with controls. Materials & Methods: The present study was a case control study from July 2008 to July 2011 The data base of the labor registries of the hospital indicated that there were total 3243 male births during this period. All examined for presence /absence of hypospadias by attending pediatrician. Hypospadias was detected in 17 male newborns. Control cases comprised of 68 male newborns without hypospadias of similar gestational age and birth weight collected by cluster sampling. Result: Total number of male birth during the study period was 3243, in that17 children born with hypospadias. The incidence of hypospadias in our hospital was 0.52%. Gestational age, Birth weight, Placental weight, Placental thickness, Placental volume, volume of infarcts, F.P Ratio, Cord length, were similar in children with hypospadias when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Fetal factors like gestational age, birth weight, placental weight, Feto-placental ratio were not significantly associated with hypospadias. This study shows no role of placenta in the etiology of hypospadias in children with normal birth weight.

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH IN ACTIVE TISSUE MASS OF THE HUMAN FETUS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE UNDERGROWN BABY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
John C. Sinclair ◽  
William A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Oxygen consumption of babies born after various lengths of gestation, measured between 2 to 10 days of post-natal life under resting, thermoneutral conditions, has been used as an index of intrauterine growth in "active tissue mass." A curve was constructed describing the median increase in oxygen consumption with increasing gestational age in babies who had experienced usual rates of growth in utero. Babies who have grown normally in utero exhibit, with increasing birth weight and with increasing gestational age, an increase in oxygen consumption per kilogram birth weight. This phenomenon is proposed to result from changes in fetal body composition with increasing maturity whereby the cell mass constitutes an increasing percentage of total body weight as length of gestation increases. Babies who have been undergrown in utero consume, as a group, more oxygen per kilogram body weight than do normally grown babies of similar birth weight; the degree of hypermetabolism is correlated with the degree of undergrowth. Undergrown babies, as a group, do not have a higher oxygen consumption per kilogram than normally grown babies of similar gestational age, although there is a tendency for those most undergrown to be hypermetabolic even for duration of gestation. The relative hypermetabolism of undergrown neonates is proposed to depend on a dual etiology: a cell mass/body weight ratio characteristic of maturity rather than size, and, in the most undergrown subjects, an increased cell number/cell mass ratio as would occur with reduction in cell size. A model is developed which relates observations by others of changes in organ size and cell size, in malnutrition, to the present metabolic measurements. Additional observations include external dimension—oxygen consumption relationship, colon—skin temperature gradients, and acid-base parameters, in babies either normally grown or undergrown in utero. Further study is needed of increments in oxygen consumption during the neonatal period in these two kinds of babies.

Placenta Share Discordance and Umbilical Artery Doppler Change After Antenatal Betamethasone Administration in Monochorionic Twins With Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Is There a Link?

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Lung Chang ◽  
Shuenn-Dyh Chang ◽  
An-Shine Chao ◽  
Peter C. C. Hsieh ◽  
Chao-Nin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Diastolic Flow ◽  
Umbilical Artery Doppler ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

This study was designed to evaluate the degree of placenta share discordance in relation to the betamethasone-induced return of positive end-diastolic flow in monochorionic twin pregnancies with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler. Monochorionic twins with sIUGR was defined as one twin having an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile combined with an estimated fetal weight discordance >25%. The umbilical artery Doppler directly prior to (D0) and 24 hours (D1) and 48 hours (D2) after the first dose of betamethasone administration was recorded. The estimated individual placental weight in monochorionic twins was obtained by cutting the placenta along the vascular equator into two territories; the placenta share discordance was calculated as [(estimated individual placental weight of appropriated for gestational age twin- estimated individual placental weight of growth restricted twin)/estimated individual placental weight of appropriated for gestational age twin] × 100%. Six (23.1%) of the 26 included cases achieved betamethasone-induced return of positive umbilical artery end-diastolic flow. The difference of placenta share discordance and birth weight discordance were not significantly different between twins with and without betamethasone-induced return of positive umbilical artery end-diastolic flow. Thus, according to our study results, it was proposed that although the placenta share discordance correlated with the abnormal umbilical artery Doppler in the IUGR fetus in monochorionic twin, the betamethasone-induced return of positive umbilical artery end-diastolic flow, however, did not reveal the similar relationship with the severity of placenta share discordance.

scholarly journals Placental Anthropometric Features: Maternal and Neonate Characteristics in North Central Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Moyosore Afodun ◽  
Moyosore Salihu Ajao ◽  
Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
North Central ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
Newborn Weight ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
Racial Factors

The objectives of the study were to determine placental weight as well as factors associated with low placental weight and to determine its impact on some anthropometrical parameters in the newborn. A total of 300 freshly delivered placentas were examined in this longitudinal-prospective study. Sobi Specialist Hospital, Alagbado, Ilorin, and Surulere Medical Centre, Eruda, Ilorin, were used for sample collections. Informed consent was obtained from patients and institutional ethical clearance was obtained from Kwara State Ministry of Health (MOH/KS/ECI/777/82). Semistructured questionnaire was used to gather data on the patients and newborns demographic indices. Analysis of variance, Student’s t-test, regression analysis, and Pearson moment correlation statistical analysis were employed to analyze the data. The mean wet placental weight for normal pregnancies was 529 g (SD = 84.01). Placental weight to birth weight ratio of 1 : 5.83 was generated, 529 g impact on newborn head circumference (mean: male = 35.30 cm, female = 34.90 cm) having a linear correlation. Regression analysis showed negative association between female babies (2.99 kg) placental weight (r=0.369; P≤0.05), birth weight, and cord length (mean = 58.4 cm). Placental weight correlation with male newborn weight (3.14 kg) had placental birth weight ratio of 0.679 between 90th and 10th percentile P<0.05 with head circumference (r=0.473, P<0.05), lower limit placental diameter 22.80 ± 1.76 cm (SD = 4.8), BMI ≤ 19.50, and Apgar score of 7/10. It is concluded that blood holding capacity of the placenta (relative to weight) and the maternal-dietary have influence on placental weight. Differences in hormonal environment in utero and pathologic adaptation of placenta, due to racial factors, significantly contributed to the size of newborn baby.

Gross Placental Structure in a Low-Risk Population of Singleton, Term, First-Born Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Coall ◽  
Adrian K. Charles ◽  
Carolyn M. Salafia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion ◽  
Placental Structure

Suboptimal fetal growth has been associated with an increased risk of adult disease, which may be exacerbated by an increased placental weight–to–fetal weight ratio. Placental weight is a summary measure of placental growth and development throughout pregnancy. However, measures of placental structure, including the chorionic disk surface area and thickness and eccentricity of the umbilical cord insertion, have been shown to account for additional variance in birth weight beyond that explained by placental weight. Little is known of the variability of these placental parameters in low-risk populations; their association with maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal characteristics; and the agreement between manual and digital measures. This study used manual and digital image analysis techniques to examine gross placental anatomy in 513 low-risk, singleton, term, first-born infants. Parametric methods compared groups and examined relationships among variables. Maternal birth weight, prepregnancy weight, and body mass index were associated with increased placental and birth weight (all P < 0.005), but only maternal birth weight was associated with increased placental surface area ( P < 0.0005) and thickness ( P = 0.005). Smoking during pregnancy reduced birth weight and increased the eccentricity of umbilical cord insertion ( P = 0.012 and 0.034, respectively). The variability in these placental parameters was consistently lower than that reported in the literature, and correlations between digital and manual measurements were reasonable ( r = .87–.71). Detailed analyses of gross placental structure can provide biologically relevant information regarding placental growth and development and, potentially, their consequences.

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