scholarly journals A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLACENTA IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT HYPOSPADIAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-020
Author(s):  
Bindhu S. ◽  
R K Avadhani ◽  
Meera Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Fetal Plasma

Abstract Introduction: Hypospadias can be defined as an abnormal urethral orifice under surface of the penis with or without chordee and with or without dorsal hood. At a critical time in sexual differentiation of the male fetus, HCG enters fetal plasma from syncytio trophoblast; acts as an LH surrogate and stimulate replication of testicular Ley dig cells and testosterone synthesis to promote male sexual differentiation. The placental insufficiency may disrupt the supply of nutrients and hcG to the fetus leading to growth retardation and hypospadias. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe and document morphological changes of placenta in children with hypospadias and compare with controls. Materials & Methods: The present study was a case control study from July 2008 to July 2011 The data base of the labor registries of the hospital indicated that there were total 3243 male births during this period. All examined for presence /absence of hypospadias by attending pediatrician. Hypospadias was detected in 17 male newborns. Control cases comprised of 68 male newborns without hypospadias of similar gestational age and birth weight collected by cluster sampling. Result: Total number of male birth during the study period was 3243, in that17 children born with hypospadias. The incidence of hypospadias in our hospital was 0.52%. Gestational age, Birth weight, Placental weight, Placental thickness, Placental volume, volume of infarcts, F.P Ratio, Cord length, were similar in children with hypospadias when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Fetal factors like gestational age, birth weight, placental weight, Feto-placental ratio were not significantly associated with hypospadias. This study shows no role of placenta in the etiology of hypospadias in children with normal birth weight.

scholarly journals LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Brig® Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ijaz Ali ◽  
Syed Hyder Raza
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the proportion of LBW Babies among those deliveredat DHQ Hospital Mirpur. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: DHQ hospitalMirpur AJK. Duration of study: January 2013-May 2013. Sample size: 459 deliveries. Studypopulation: women reporting in Peads OPD of DHQ hospital Mirpur AJ&K with their babiesduring study period. Sampling technique: Convenience method. Data collection tool: Datacollection Performa. Data analysis: SPSS version 14.0.Results: Out of 459 deliveriesconducted at Divisional Head Quarter hospital Mirpur, 149 cases of low birth weight babies(<2500gms) whereas the rest 310 had normal birth weight. Frequency of Low Birth Weight inmale new born babies was high, i.e ratio of male babies were 55% (82) out of 149 individualswhile females were 45% (67). Less than 37 weeks of gestational age, 37% (55) were pretermbabies and 37 – 42 weeks of gestational age, 63% (94) were full term babies.

scholarly journals Executive Functions of Six-Year-Old Boys with Normal Birth Weight and Gestational Age

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e36502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Yee-Ling Phua ◽  
Anne Rifkin-Graboi ◽  
Seang-Mei Saw ◽  
Michael J. Meaney ◽  
Anqi Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth

scholarly journals Micronutrient intake and fundal height determine birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Faradina Aghadiati ◽  
Diffah Hanim ◽  
Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Relationship

The birth weight (BW) are utilized as indicators of the healthy and term newborns. Factor that affects the weight of a newborn are micronutrient intake and fundal height. Folic acid and iron (Fe) were associated with newborn birth weight. Fundal height in <em>centimeters</em> (cm) is the same as the gestational age of the week, the fundal height that is not in accordance with the gestational age is leading to stunted fetal growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between intake of folic acid, iron (Fe) and fundal height with newborn birth weight. This research method was an analytic observational using a <em>cross-sectional</em> approach. The sample in this study were 114 pregnant women living in Yogyakarta. Statistical test results proved a significant relationship between the intake of folic acid and iron (Fe) with the newborn birth weight (p &lt; 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the fundal height with the newborn birth weight (p &lt; 0.05). The concludes of this study, pregnant women with adequate folic acid intake, adequate iron intake and normal fundal height tended to give birth newborns with normal birth weight.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the occurence of hyperbilirubinemia in infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Yuni Arisandi ◽  
Sodikin Sodikin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hyperbilirubinemia is a problem that often occurs in newborns characterized by icterus, yellowish pigmentation of the skin, sclera, and nails. Many factors cause hyperbilirubinemia in infants such as the type of labor, birth weight, gestational age, gender, and asphyxia.This research aimed to discover the factors associated with the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia in infants.This was a quantitative research with a retrospective cohort design. There were 83 respondents as the research sample taken using a random sampling technique. The research data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. The majority of respondents underwent labor with actions (59 respondents / 71.1%), delivered male babies (51 respondents / 61.4%), delivered babies with normal birth weight (56 respondents / 67.5%), had a full-term pregnancy (54 respondents / 65.1%), and did not experience asphyxia (65 respondents / 78.3%). In addition, most respondents gave birth to babies with hyperbilirubinemia (43 respondents / 51.8%). Chi-square test results indicated a correlation between the type of labor (p = 0.008), birth weight (p = 0.019), gestational age (p = 0.000), and asphyxia (p = 0.013) with the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia. While the variable of gender (p = 0.106) had no correlation. The most influential factor was gestational age (p = 0.027) with an odds ratio of 4.011. In conclusion: The types of labor, birth weight, gestational age, and asphyxia have a correlation with the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia.

Placental transport of threonine and its utilization in the normal and growth-restricted fetus

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. E892-E900 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Anderson ◽  
P. V. Fennessey ◽  
G. Meschia ◽  
R. B. Wilkening ◽  
F. C. Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Placental Transport

Placental transport and fetoplacental utilization of threonine (Thr) were compared at 130 +/- 1 days gestational age between seven control ewes (C) and six ewes in which intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) had been induced by exposure to high ambient temperature from 33 +/- 1 to 112 +/- 2 days of gestation. The fluxes were measured using simultaneous intravenous infusions of L-[1-13C]Thr into the mother and L-[U-14C]Thr into the fetus. The IUGR group had less fetal weight (1.27 +/- 0.14 vs. 3.10 +/- 0.10 kg, P < 0.01) and placental weight (120 +/- 17 vs. 295 +/- 14 g, P < 0.01) than the C group. The direct flux of maternal Thr into the fetal systemic circulation was less in the IUGR fetuses, both relative to fetal weight (1.40 +/- 0.19 vs. 2.19 +/- 0.18 mumol.min-1.kg fetus-1, P = 0.0107) and placental weight (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.2 mumol.min-1.100 g placenta-1, P = 0.0187). In both groups, there was excretion of CO2 produced from fetal Thr. The rate of CO2 production from fetal plasma Thr carbon by fetus plus placenta was reduced in the IUGR group (1.50 +/- 0.23 vs. 2.86 +/- 0.32 mumol.min-1.kg fetus-1, P = 0.0065). We conclude that the flux of maternal Thr into the IUGR fetus is markedly reduced because of a reduction in placental mass and because of a weight-specific reduction in Thr placental transport. The reduced flux is routed into fetal Thr accretion via a decrease in fetal Thr oxidation.

Psychopathology in young adults born at extremely low birth weight

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1763-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Boyle ◽  
V. Miskovic ◽  
R. Van Lieshout ◽  
L. Duncan ◽  
L. A. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth

BackgroundLittle is known about the long-term mental health of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) survivors. We test whether young adults aged 22 to 26 years born at ELBW differ from normal birth weight (NBW) controls in self-reported levels of psychopathology.MethodParticipants included 142 ELBW survivors (86% response) born between 1977 and 1982 to residents of central-west Ontario, Canada and 133 NBW control subjects (92% response). The Young Adult Self-Report measure was used to create five DSM-IV oriented scales aggregated to form internalizing (depressive problems, anxiety problems, avoidant personality problems) and externalizing (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder problems and antisocial personality problems) scales.ResultsAfter adjusting for family background characteristics, mean scores for ELBW survivors were 3.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–5.26] points higher for internalizing problems and no different, i.e. 0.00 (95% CI −1.17 to 1.17), for externalizing problems. There was a sex×group statistical interaction such that being male muted the risk for externalizing problems among those born at ELBW: −2.11 (95% CI −4.21 to −0.01). Stratifying ELBW adults as born small for gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) revealed a significant gradient of risk for levels of internalizing problems that was largest for SGA, i.e. 4.75 (95% CI 1.24–8.26), and next largest for AGA, 2.49 (95% CI 0.11–4.87), compared with NBW controls.ConclusionsDepression, anxiety and avoidant personality problems (internalizing problems) are elevated in young adulthood among ELBW survivors. This effect is relatively small overall but noticeably larger among ELBW survivors born SGA.

scholarly journals Cognitive Outcomes for Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Children in Kindergarten

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah J. Orchinik ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Kimberly Andrews Espy ◽  
Nori Minich ◽  
Nancy Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Verbal Knowledge

AbstractOur objectives were to examine cognitive outcomes for extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW, gestational age <28 weeks and/or birth weight <1000 g) children in kindergarten and the associations of these outcomes with neonatal factors, early childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, and socioeconomic status (SES). The sample comprised a hospital-based 2001–2003 birth cohort of 148 EPT/ELBW children (mean birth weight 818 g; mean gestational age 26 weeks) and a comparison group of 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) classmate controls. Controlling for background factors, the EPT/ELBW group had pervasive deficits relative to the NBW group on a comprehensive test battery, with rates of cognitive deficits that were 3 to 6 times higher in the EPT/ELBW group. Deficits on a measure of response inhibition were found in 48% versus 10%, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 7.32 (3.32, 16.16),p< .001. Deficits on measures of executive function and motor and perceptual-motor abilities were found even when controlling for acquired verbal knowledge. Neonatal risk factors, early neurodevelopmental impairment, and lower SES were associated with higher rates of deficits within the EPT/ELBW group. The findings document both global and selective cognitive deficits in EPT/ELBW children at school entry and justify efforts at early identification and intervention. (JINS, 2011,17, 1067–1079)

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight and First Week Neonatal Mortality in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Sabera Khatun ◽  
Fawzia Hossain ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Afroza Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objectives The incidence of low birth weight babies and the perinatal morbidity and mortality is inter-related. An understanding of the risk factors can help us to reduce their incidence and studying their management and outcome could help us to evolve optimal management strategies. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of low birth weight and first week neonatal mortality rate. Methods The gestational age of the babies were determined and a comparison of the prenatal mortality ratio was done among vaginal and cesarean deliveries. During the study period all the patients irrespective of their gestational age admitted for delivery were recruited for the prospective analysis. Their gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight and outcome were collected in a preformed data-sheet. Results During the study period there were 2689 deliveries at BSMMU and among them 301 were low birth weight (LBW), rest were normal birth weight babies. Forty-eight from low birth weight and seven from normal birth weight babies died within first-week of delivery. The LBW babies were grouped in to three groups according to their birth weight, 1-1.5 kg = group one, 1.6-2 kg = group two, 2.1- 2.4 kg = group three. It was found that 70% babies of group I, 40% of group II and 17% of group III were in the gestational age of 28-34 weeks. On the other hand 30% babies of group I, 60% of group II and 83% of group III were in the gestational age of 35-40 weeks. 79.36% of group I, 6.67% of group II and 0.63% of group III died within 7 days of birth. Conclusion Significant difference (p value < 0.001) was observed in first-week neonatal mortality among normal and low birth weight babies. Therefore, it can be concluded that birth weight and gestational age is an important determining factor for early neonatal death.

scholarly journals Profil Sindrom Aspirasi Mekonium pada Bayi Baru Lahir di RSUD Dr. Soetrasno Rembang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ahimsa Yoga Anindita ◽  
Dwi Hidayah ◽  
Yulidar Hafidh ◽  
Annang Giri Moelyo ◽  
Mayasari Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Minute Apgar Score

<p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Introduction</strong>: The presence of meconium in amniotic fluid occurs in 13% of live births in developing countries. This condition develops when the gestational age increases at delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 5% of newborns in meconium stained amniotic fluid. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of newborns who experience meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) who are treated at Dr. Soetrasno Hospital, Rembang and its outcome.</p><p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Methods</strong>: Prospective study, data were obtained from medical records of Dr. Soetrasno Hospital, Rembang during September to October 2018, on newborns with MAS.</p><p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Results</strong>: Of 12 newborns with MAS were obtained, consisting of 7 (58.3%) male and 5 (41.7%) female. All cases were term infants (gestational age above 37 weeks) and normal birth weight (above 2500 grams). Based on the first minute APGAR score, there were 4 newborns had score 1 and 2, respectively (33.3%). Based on the fifth minute APGAR score, there were 7 newborns had score 3 (58.3%). The outcome of newborns with MAS were 7 alive (58.3%) and 5 died (41.7%).</p><p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: There were 12 newborns suffering from MAS (54.5%) of 22 babies hospitalized at the NICU dr. Soetrasno Hospital Rembang. All newborns with MAS were term infants and normal birth weight. There were 5 newborns with MAS which required invasive mechanical ventilation (intubation) and all died (41.7%).</p><p class="Keywords"> </p>

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