Taxonomy in the Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB): Progress during the past decade (2008–2018) and perspectives on future development

Since the beginning of the last decade of the past 20th century, Bulgaria has entered a new, complex stage of its development, with many reforms. Education and teacher training reforms are influenced by the global and European trends, as well as by the national changes (political, economical, social, and technological). The author analyses the main characteristics of the changed teacher training system and teacher qualification and development system. Some of the challenges and directions of the transformation and future development of the teacher education and qualification in Bulgaria are discussed.

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Revitalising Naxi dongba as a ‘pictographic’ vernacular script

Journal of Chinese Writing Systems ◽

10.1177/2513850218814405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 53-67

Author(s):

Duncan Poupard

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Writing System ◽

Writing Systems ◽

Traditional Role ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

English Translations ◽

Standard Chinese

A script can be a window into a language and all the culture contained within it. China’s minority peoples have a multitude of scripts, but many are in danger of falling out of use, a decline spurred by the adoption and promotion of standard Chinese across the country. Nevertheless, efforts are being made to preserve minority writing systems. This article reveals how the primarily logographic Naxi dongba script (often labelled the world’s ‘last living pictographs’), used in China’s southwestern Yunnan province to record the Naxi language, can be practically used as a modern writing system alongside its more widely known traditional role as a means of recording religious rites, and what exactly separates these two styles of writing. The efforts that have been made to achieve the goal of modernisation over the past decades are reviewed, including the longstanding attempts at Unicode encoding. I make some suggestions for the future development of the script, and employ plenty of examples from recent publications, alongside phonetic renderings and English translations. It is hoped that overall awareness of this unique script can be raised, and that it can develop into a vernacular script with everyday applications.

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Seismic anisotropy

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1444917 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 40-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Leon Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

Seismic Data ◽

Seismic Anisotropy ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Exploration And Exploitation ◽

Principal Reason ◽

The Past ◽

High Level ◽

Effective Use

The topic of seismic anisotropy in exploration and exploitation has seen a great deal of progress in the past decade‐and‐a‐half. The principal reason for this is the increased (and increasing) quality of seismic data, of the processing done to it, and of the interpretation expected from it. No longer an academic subject of little practical interest, it is now often viewed as one of the crucial factors which, if not taken into account, severely hampers our effective use of the data. The following brief overview is not intended to be exhaustive, since any such attempt would surely be incomplete. However, it does provide a high‐level survey of the advances seen (at the end of this period) to be important by one who was closely involved, and it directly extrapolates this history to predict the future development of the topic.

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Social tourism in Mexico: evolution, challenges and future development.

Social tourism: global challenges and approaches ◽

10.1079/9781789241211.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-29

Author(s):

Adriana E. Estrada-González

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

Complex Environment ◽

The Past ◽

Definition Of

Abstract This chapter aims to understand the complex environment surrounding social tourism in Mexico. It first provides a discussion regarding the definition of social tourism, followed by an analysis of social tourism in Mexico and its development in the past 45 years. The chapter concludes by presenting policies and initiatives related to social tourism.

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Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.1 Africa: Coordinated by Jan L Neels and Eesa A Fredericks, 15 Mauritius: Mauritian Perspectives on the Hague Principles

Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts ◽

10.1093/law/9780198840107.003.0015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cupido Robin

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Future Development ◽

Civil Code ◽

Law Reform ◽

Private International Law ◽

Commercial Law ◽

Conflict Of Laws ◽

The Past ◽

The Status ◽

The Hague

This chapter discusses Mauritian perspectives on the Hague Principles. The Code Civile Mauricien (Mauritian Civil Code) governs most private and commercial law matters and is thus one of the main sources of Mauritian law. Another main source is the Constitution of Mauritius 1968. It is important to note that there is no constitutional imperative for courts to consider international law when interpreting legislation, which could be a contributing factor to the lack of development of a cohesive private international law regime in Mauritius. The Law Reform Commission of Mauritius has thus been reviewing the status of private international law in Mauritius over the past five years and has issued several reports and studies on the matter. The chapter then investigates the extent to which Mauritian private international law already reflects the content of the Hague Principles and how this set of principles could influence the future development of the conflict of laws in Mauritius.

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Conclusion

Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198865063.003.0011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 322-336

Author(s):

Malcolm Abbott ◽

Bruce Cohen

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Future Development ◽

Policy Development ◽

Economic Regulation ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

Utilities Services

The final chapter provides a summing up of the book along with some speculation about the future development in this sector. In doing so it provides a description of some of the main issues that have arisen in the process of reform of the utilities sector. The chapter also raises a number of issues that need to be addressed looking forward, including the escalation in prices of many utilities services, environmental impacts, as well as the problems associated with economic regulation. Finally, this chapter reflects upon the manner in which reform of Australia’s utilities industries has taken place over the past three decades, and the implications this process may have for policy development and future reform more generally.

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Microneedle System for Transdermal Drug and Vaccine Delivery: Devices, Safety, and Prospects

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325819878585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 155932581987858 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaoxiang He ◽

Jingyao Sun ◽

Jian Zhuang ◽

Hong Xu ◽

Ying Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Research And Development ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Future Development ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Separate Part ◽

The Past ◽

Manufacturing Techniques

Microneedle (MN) delivery system has been greatly developed to deliver drugs into the skin painlessly, noninvasively, and safety. In the past several decades, various types of MNs have been developed by the newer producing techniques. Briefly, as for the morphologically, MNs can be classified into solid, coated, dissolved, and hollow MN, based on the transdermal drug delivery methods of “poke and patch,” “coat and poke,” “poke and release,” and “poke and flow,” respectively. Microneedles also have other characteristics based on the materials and structures. In addition, various manufacturing techniques have been well-developed based on the materials. In this review, the materials, structures, morphologies, and fabricating methods of MNs are summarized. A separate part of the review is used to illustrate the application of MNs to deliver vaccine, insulin, lidocaine, aspirin, and other drugs. Finally, the review ends up with a perspective on the challenges in research and development of MNs, envisioning the future development of MNs as the next generation of drug delivery system.

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What the past suggests about future development of ecosystem service values applicable to USDA agricultural program evaluations

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/age.2020.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 7-22

Author(s):

LeRoy T. Hansen

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Future Development ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Program Evaluations ◽

The Past ◽

Limited Applicability ◽

Program Benefit

Much of the research on ecosystem service values (ESVs) has limited applicability to USDA program benefit analyses, largely because the models/data/results (1) lack spatial breadth and hence cannot be applied in national analyses of USDA programs, and (2) do not link land use changes to the changes in ESs. This article provides an overview of a set of 15 ESVs related to agriculture's impacts on erosion in order to identify (1) weaknesses in methods, data, and assumptions that limit the quality of the ESVs and means of avoiding such weaknesses in future ESV development, and (2) approaches that might improve the reliability and spatial resolution of future ESV estimates.

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Physics of Gauge Fields in Quantum Nanosciences

SPIN ◽

10.1142/s2010324720500186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 2050018

Author(s):

Seng Ghee Tan ◽

Mansoor B. A. Jalil ◽

Ching-Ray Chang ◽

Shuichi Murakami

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

Momentum Space ◽

Condensed Matter ◽

Equations Of Motion ◽

Frame Of Reference ◽

Gauge Fields ◽

The Past ◽

Research Fields ◽

New Research ◽

The Impact

We review the formulation of gauge fields in terms of the frame of reference as well as the space in which the frame is defined. We highlighted some recent applications of gauge physics in the momentum space — in the modern fields of the spin Hall effect, the magnon Hall, the optical Magnus and the graphene valley Hall. General procedures of gauge transformation which lead to the construction of the gauge curvature and the equations of motion (EOM) are outlined. Central to this review is our intention to illustrate the impact of gauge physics on the past and future development of many new research fields emerging out of condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum nanosciences and nanoelectronics.

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Virtual Reality in Healthcare

10.4018/978-1-7998-8371-5.ch001 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Dorota Kamińska ◽

Grzegorz Zwolińsksi ◽

Anna Laska-Leśniewicz ◽

Luis Pinto Coelho

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Virtual Environment ◽

Future Development ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Medical Applications ◽

End User ◽

Scenario Development ◽

The Past ◽

Technological Potential

Over the past few years, the rapid development of virtual reality has led to the technology finding its way into the professional sector in addition to the gaming market. It plays a particularly important role in medical applications by providing a virtual environment to enable therapy, rehabilitation, and serving as an educational platform. The chapter provides an overview of the applications of virtual reality in medicine about some of the most important areas. Both scenario development and application validation methods are presented, as well as their impact on the end user. Finally, the technological potential and future development of VR applications used for improving medical service delivery are summarized and briefly discussed.

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