scholarly journals Association of household smoking status in childhood with young adults’ educational attainment and smoking status: Results from a series of population-based cross-sectional surveys in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 101066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Kitano ◽  
Tetsuya Shiroyama ◽  
Kohta Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Yamano ◽  
Michi Tomiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Factors associated with sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based multisite cross-sectional survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Watanabe ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
Takashi Nakagata ◽  
Naomi Sawada ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Osaka Prefecture ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractBackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies have demonstrated the prevalence and relationship of various factors associated with sarcopenia in older adults; however, few have examined the status of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults. In this study, we aimed to, 1) evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test, which is potentially a useful screening tool for sarcopenia, and 2) determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face surveys of 525 adults, who were aged 40–91 years and resided in Settsu City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan to evaluate the validity of finger-circle test. The finger-circle test evaluated calf circumference by referring to an illustration printed on the survey form. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) was plotted to evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test for screening sarcopenia and compared to that evaluated by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using bioimpedance. We also conducted multisite population-based cross-sectional anonymous mail surveys of 9337 adults, who were aged 40–97 years and resided in Settsu and Hannan Cities, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling by sex and age in the elementary school zones of their respective cities. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to explore associations between characteristics and prevalence of sarcopenia.ResultsSarcopenia, defined by SMI, was moderately predicted by a finger-circle test response showing that the subject’s calf was smaller than their finger-circle (AUROC: 0.729, < 65 years; 0.653, ≥65 years); such subjects were considered to have sarcopenia. In mail surveys, prevalence of sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test was higher in older subjects (approximately 16%) than in middle-aged subjects (approximately 8–9%). In a multiple regression model, the factors associated with sarcopenia were age, body mass index, smoking status, self-reported health, and number of meals in all the participants.ConclusionsSarcopenia, screened by the finger-circle test, was present not only among older adults but also among middle-aged adults. These results may provide useful indications for developing public health programs, not only for the prevention, but especially for the management of sarcopenia.Trial registrationUMIN000036880, registered prospectively May 29, 2019, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042027

scholarly journals The relationship between socioeconomic position and health literacy among urban and rural adults in regional China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Hongfu Ren ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Yaqing Xiong ◽  
Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rural Adults

Abstract Background To examine associations of socioeconomic position (SEP), separately indicated by education, monthly family average income (FAI) and occupation, with health literacy (HL) among adults in regional China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among urban and rural adults (aged 25–69 years) who were randomly selected, using the probability proportionate to size sampling approach, from Nanjing municipality of China during October and December of 2016. HL, the outcome variable, was assessed using the Chinese Resident Health Literacy Scale. SEP, our independent variable, was separately measured with educational attainment, monthly family average income and occupation. Logistic regression models were introduced to examine SEP-HL association with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Totally, 8698 participants completed the survey. The proportion of participants with unweighted and weighted adequate HL was 18.0% (95%CI = 17.2, 18.8%) and 19.9% (95%CI = 16.6, 23.6%), respectively, in this study. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, each SEP indicator was in significantly positive relation to both unweighted and weight HL level. Participants who obtained 13+ and 10–12 years educational attainment, respectively, had 2.41 (95%CI = 1.60, 3.64) and 1.68 (95%CI = 1.23, 2.29) times odds to record weighted adequate HL compared to their counterparts who were with 0–9 years education. Subjects within upper (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.24, 2.98) and middle FAI tertile (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.19, 2.13), respectively, were more likely to report weighted adequate HL relative to those who were within lower FAI tertile. White collars were more likely to have weighted adequate HL (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.09, 1.61) than blue collars. Conclusions Each of education, FAI and occupation was positively associated with health literacy among urban and rural adults in China. The findings have important implications that different SEP indicators can be used to identify vulnerable residents in population-based health literacy promotion campaigns.

Support for cigarette filter waste policies among US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056451
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F Cuccia ◽  
Shanell Folger ◽  
Adam F Benson ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Fundal Changes in Fundus Tessellation in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Lyu ◽  
Qiuying Chen ◽  
Guangyi Hu ◽  
Ya Shi ◽  
Luyao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Parapapillary Atrophy ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
Body Weight Index

Purpose: To explore the characteristics and associated factors of fundus tessellation, especially the alternation of choroidal thickness among different degrees of tessellated fundus in young adults.Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study.Methods: A total of 796 students were included in the study and underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including anterior segment examinations and swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. The degree of tessellated fundus was assessed by fundus photographs applying an early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study grid to evaluate the location of fundus tessellation and then divided into five groups. The topographic variation and factors, tilted disc ratio, parapapillary atrophy (PPA), retinal thickness (ReT), choroidal thickness (ChT), and subfoveal scleral thickness (SST) related to tessellated fundus were analyzed.Results: Compared to normal fundus, tessellated fundus had a lower spherical equivalent (SE) (p &lt; 0.0001), worse best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)(p = 0.043), longer axial length (AL) (p &lt; 0.0001), thinner retina (p &lt; 0.0001), thinner (p &lt; 0.0001) choroid, and thinner sclera in center fovea (p = 0.0035). Among all subfields of macular and peripapillary regions, center fovea and macula-papillary region showed the most significant decrease in choroidal thickness. The proportion of fundus tessellation significantly increased with lower body weight index (BMI) (p = 0.0067), longer AL (p &lt; 0.0001), larger PPA(p = 0.0058), thinner choroid (p &lt; 0.0001), and thinner sclera (p &lt; 0.0001).Conclusions: Eyes showed more severe myopic morphological alternation with the increasement of proportion of fundus tessellation to the center fovea, including a significant decrease in both choroid and scleral thickness. Choroidal thinning may progress most rapidly in the macula-papillary region as fundus tessellation approaches to the center fovea.

Dusty trades and associated rheumatoid arthritis in a population-based study in the coal mining counties of Appalachia

2022 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107899
Author(s):  
Gabriela Schmajuk ◽  
Laura Trupin ◽  
Edward H Yelin ◽  
Paul D Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Ergonomic Exposure ◽  
Ergonomic Exposures

ObjectivesWe previously showed increased coal mining-associated risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using additional survey data, we sought to delineate this risk further.MethodsWe used data from two cross-sectional, random-digit-dial, population-based surveys (males;≥50 years) in selected counties in the Appalachian region of the inland, mid-Atlantic USA with elevated pneumoconiosis mortality. Surveys ascertained age, smoking, coal mining and non-coal silica exposure jobs. In a subset, we surveyed ergonomic exposures, scored by intensity. We queried diagnosis of RA, corticosteroid use, and, in a subset, use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Multivariable logistic regression modelled RA risk (defined by glucocorticoid or DMARDs use) associated with coal mining employment, other silica exposure, smoking status, and age and ergonomic exposures.ResultsWe analysed data for 2981 survey respondents (mean age 66.6 years; 15% current, 44% ex-smokers). The prevalence of glucocorticoid-treated and DMARD-treated RA was 11% and 4%, respectively. Glucocorticoid-treated RA was associated with coal mining (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.5 to 4.9) and non-coal mining silica exposure (OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.4 to 4.4). For DMARD-treated RA, the odds associated with coal mining and other silica remained elevated: OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.18, 4.5) and OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.51, 5.0), respectively. In the same model, the highest intensity ergonomic exposure also was associated with increased odds of RA (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.96 to 9.6).ConclusionsWe observed a strong association between coal mining and other silica-exposing dusty trades and RA. Clinicians and insurers should consider occupational histories in the aetiology of RA.

scholarly journals Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidsel Graff-Iversen ◽  
Stephen Hewitt ◽  
Lisa Forsén ◽  
Liv Grøtvedt ◽  
Inger Ariansen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low prevalence of obesity together with high prevalence of smoking. Methods We used cross-sectional survey data from 11 of a total 19 Norwegian counties examined in 1997–99 including 65,875 men and women aged 39–44 years. Analysis of associations were adjusted for confounding by socioeconomic position, health indicators, and additionally for BMI. Results Compared with never-smokers, when adjusting for confounders and in addition for BMI, mean HC remained lower while mean WC and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) were higher in current smokers. The finding of a lower HC and higher WHR level among smokers was consistent by sex and in strata by levels of education and physical activity, while the finding of higher WC by smoking was less consistent. Among current smokers, BMI-adjusted mean HC decreased whereas WC and WHR increased by volume smoked. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had higher BMI-adjusted HC, lower WHR and among women WC was lower. Conclusions The main finding in this study was the consistent negative associations of smoking with HC. In line with the hypothesis that lower percentage gluteofemoral fat is linked with higher cardiovascular risk, our results suggest that smoking impacts cardiovascular risk through mechanisms that reduce the capacity of fat storage in the lower body region.

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Trait and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca V. Zhang ◽  
Kathleen A. Ryan ◽  
Haley Lopez ◽  
Marcella A. Wozniak ◽  
Michael S. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Approximately 8% of Blacks have sickle cell trait (SCT), and there are conflicting reports from recent cohort studies on the association of SCT with ischemic stroke (IS). Most prior studies focused on older populations, with few data available in young adults. Methods: A population-based case-control study of early-onset IS was conducted in the Baltimore-Washington region between 1992 and 2007. From this study, 342 Black IS cases, ages 15 to 49, and 333 controls without IS were used to examine the association between SCT and IS. Each participant’s SCT status was established by genotyping and imputation. For analysis, χ 2 tests and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: Participants with SCT (n=55) did not differ from those without SCT (n=620) in prevalence of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and current smoking status. Stroke cases had increased prevalence in these risk factors compared with controls. We did not find an association between SCT and early-onset IS in our overall population (odds ratio=0.9 [95% CI, 0.5–1.7]) or stratified by sex in males (odds ratio=1.26 [95% CI, 0.56–2.80]) and females (odds ratio=0.67 [95% CI, 0.28–1.69]). Conclusions: Our data did not find evidence of increased risk of early-onset stroke with SCT.

Stressful life events and leukocyte telomere attrition in adulthood: a prospective population-based cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 2975-2984 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. van Ockenburg ◽  
E. H. Bos ◽  
P. de Jonge ◽  
P. van der Harst ◽  
R. O. B. Gans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Background.Telomere attrition might be one of the mechanisms through which psychosocial stress leads to somatic disease. To date it is unknown if exposure to adverse life events in adulthood is associated with telomere shortening prospectively. In the current study we investigated whether life events are associated with shortening of telomere length (TL).Method.Participants were 1094 adults (mean age 53.1, range 33–79 years) from the PREVEND cohort. Data were collected at baseline (T1) and at two follow-up visits after 4 years (T2) and 6 years (T3). Life events were assessed with an adjusted version of the List of Threatening Events (LTE). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR at T1, T2, and T3. A linear mixed model was used to assess the effect of recent life events on TL prospectively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess whether the lifetime life events score or the score of life events experienced before the age of 12 predicted TL cross-sectionally. All final models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, presence of chronic diseases, frequency of sports, smoking status, and level of education.Results.Recent life events significantly predicted telomere attrition prospectively (B = −0.031, p = 0.007). We were not able to demonstrate a significant cross-sectional relationship between the lifetime LTE score and TL. Nor did we find exposure to adverse life events before the age of 12 to be associated with TL in adulthood.Conclusions.Exposure to recent adverse life events in adulthood is associated with telomere attrition prospectively.

scholarly journals Risk of malnutrition and zinc deficiency in community-living elderly men and women: the Tromsø Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1907-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Magnus Kvamme ◽  
Ole Grønli ◽  
Bjarne K Jacobsen ◽  
Jon Florholmen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Zn Status

AbstractObjectiveElderly people may be at particular risk of Zn deficiency due to an increased prevalence of malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Zn status in community-living elderly people at risk of malnutrition.DesignCross-sectional population-based survey. Individuals at risk of malnutrition were identified by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. Zn status was assessed by measuring serum Zn. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between the risk of malnutrition and Zn deficiency.SettingMunicipality of Tromsø, Norway.SubjectsRandom sample of 743 men and 778 women aged 65–87 years.ResultsZn deficiency was found in 10·1 % of the participants, including 13·1 % of the men and 7·3 % of the women. Among the men and women at risk of malnutrition, 31·0 % and 12·7 %, respectively, had Zn deficiency. In a model adjusted for age, gender, serum albumin and smoking status, Zn deficiency was positively associated with the risk of malnutrition (OR=2·2; 95 % CI 1·3, 3·6).ConclusionsOverall, Zn deficiency was found in one out of ten community-living elderly people and was associated with the risk of malnutrition. Our results encourage the assessment of Zn status in elderly people at risk of malnutrition, with a special emphasis on elderly men.

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