scholarly journals Central Asia: A Comprehensive Crisis and Scenarios for the Future

2015 ◽  
pp. 34-55
Author(s):  
A. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Further Development

The paper suggests a systemic analysis of the perspectives of development of situation in Post-Soviet Central Asia. Interconnection between the tendencies in different spheres (political, economic, military, social and demographic) is analyzed. The author ascertain the fact of complex and multilateral crisis and also states high degree of uncertainty of further development of regional situation, which is indicated by a great variability of scenarios of further development. The analysis is fulfilled both in short- and long-term perspectives. The study is carried out in two steps: for each of temporal perspectives respective drivers that presently exist are selected. Also, potential qualitative discontinuities that can lead to principal changes of situation are defined within scenario analysis.

The environment, security and regional cooperation in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Tookey
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Recent Attention

Environmental challenges, resulting from either a scarcity of natural resources or environmental degradation, may contribute to security risks in Central Asia. An encouraging sign is the recent attention of the governments of Central Asia, civil society groups and international organizations to these environmental security issues. Their efforts indicate that by working together to prevent conflicts caused by environmental problems, cooperation among the countries of Central Asia may expand. Both short and long-term obstacles must be overcome if these groups are to ensure that environmental stresses do not lead to security concerns.

scholarly journals The Infant Microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Sara Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Further Development

The beneficial flora inhabiting the intestinal tract of an infant is extremely important for health, both in the short and long term. The establishment and further development of a healthy gut microbiome is a complicated interaction of factors in the infant. There are many elements that influence the development of the gut flora that extend beyond birth method and type of feeding. Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and during delivery is a common practice and can decrease the diversity of friendly biota in the mother and therefore decrease the amount and variety introduced to the infant. Antibiotic use in the mother while breastfeeding also has implications for health and diversity of the infant’s gut bacteria because varying amounts of antibiotic medications transfer into breast milk. The use of probiotics is a common complimentary therapy that is used for a wide variety of reasons and is frequently used during pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF DIGITALIZATION IN HUNGARIAN AND ROMANIAN COMPANIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (30 (1)) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Tünde-Zita Kovács ◽  
Beáta Bittner ◽  
David Forest ◽  
András Nábrádi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
A Company

2020 posed a series of unforeseen challenges for economic actors. Digitalization, one of the most critical drivers of innovation, provided a lifeline for organizations who anticipated the opportunity and ramifications of a global pandemic. Digitalization offered alternative solutions for contacting partners, serving customer needs, retaining customers, and creating the possibility of online administration. The present study seeks to answer the question – using a database of ongoing research – to what extent are Hungarian and Romanian businesses able to discover the characteristics of the digital transformation, where and to what extent digital technology plays a role in the supply chain, and whether they have started digitization. The developed quantitative database was analyzed and processed utilizing SPSS 25 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were run, followed by an analysis of variance to explore the existing relationships. For the multiple mean comparison test, the Tamhane test was used to analyze for differences in groups. As a result of the evaluation, the authors found statistical support that managers opinions on Internet Platforms creating more accessible business agreements is dependent on firm size with larger firms placing more emphasis on the benefits of Internet Platforms than smaller firms. The organizations recognize the potential of digital developments, but these developments are accompanied by a high degree of mistrust. Digital technology is typically used only to conduct processes during production or service activities and not as commonly conducted for increasing market share or expansion. Based on the authors’ proposal, the broadest possible application of digital technology within a company can provide its user a long-term survival, competitive advantage, and further development opportunities.

Back to Islam? Women's Sexualities and Body-Politics in Muslim Central Asia

Hawwa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 181-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Droeber
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Anthropological Fieldwork ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractIn this paper I examine the commonly held assumption that the developments we witnessed in Central Asian societies since the disintegration of the Soviet Union could be interpreted as a "return to pre-Soviet Islamic traditions". I am specifically concerned with reports about the increasing violations of women's sexual rights and mounting control over their bodies, developments that are accompanied by a "conspiracy of silence" about sexual matters.This essay is based on anthropological fieldwork in Kyrgyzstan, various reports from other Central Asian republics, a review of Soviet sex and gender policies, and analysis of Islamic Scriptures on the issue of sexuality. Even though some Muslim practices regarding sexualities can be seen as having a basis in the Qurān, the interpretations and translations into daily practice are to a major extent influenced by political, economic, and socio-cultural forces. I trace these processes in the case of Soviet and post-Soviet Central Asia and argue that the rhetoric of a "return to Islamic traditions" does not take into account the significant impact on other forces on the current practices of policing women's bodies and silencing discourses on sexualities.

scholarly journals Increasing children's lunchtime consumption of fruit and vegetables: an evaluation of the Food Dudes programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Upton ◽  
Penney Upton ◽  
Charlotte Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Further Development

AbstractObjectivesAlthough previous research has shown that the Food Dudes programme increases children's fruit and vegetable consumption at school, there has been limited evaluation of the extent to which changes are maintained in the long term. Furthermore, despite knowledge that the nutritional content of home-supplied meals is lower than that of school-supplied meals, little consideration has been given to the programme's impact on meals provided from home. The present study therefore assessed the long-term effectiveness of the Food Dudes programme for both school- and home-supplied lunches.DesignTwo cohorts of children participated, one receiving the Food Dudes intervention and a matched control group who did not receive any intervention. Consumption of fruit and vegetables was assessed pre-intervention, then at 3 and 12 months post-intervention. Consumption was measured across five consecutive days in each school using weighed intake (school-provided meals) and digital photography (home-provided meals).SettingFifteen primary schools, six intervention (n 1282) and seven control schools (n 1151).SubjectsParticipants were children aged 4–11 years.ResultsA significant increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables was found at 3 months for children in the intervention schools, but only for those eating school-supplied lunches. However, increases were not maintained at 12 months.ConclusionsThe Food Dudes programme has a limited effect in producing even short-term changes in children's fruit and vegetable consumption at lunchtime. Further development work is required to ensure the short- and long-term effectiveness of interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in children such as the Food Dudes programme.

Short- and long-term control of external and internal phosphorus loads in lakes—A scenario analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Recknagel ◽  
Masaaki Hosomi ◽  
Takehiko Fukushima ◽  
Dong-Soo Kong
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Phosphorus Loads

scholarly journals Peripheral electrical stimulation to reduce pathological tremor: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pascual-Valdunciel ◽  
Grace W. Hoo ◽  
Simon Avrillon ◽  
Filipe Oliveira Barroso ◽  
Jennifer G. Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Current State ◽  
Peripheral Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pathological Tremor

AbstractInterventions to reduce tremor in essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) clinical populations often utilize pharmacological or surgical therapies. However, there can be significant side effects, decline in effectiveness over time, or clinical contraindications for these interventions. Therefore, alternative approaches must be considered and developed. Some non-pharmacological strategies include assistive devices, orthoses and mechanical loading of the tremorgenic limb, while others propose peripheral electrical stimulation. Specifically, peripheral electrical stimulation encompasses strategies that activate motor and sensory pathways to evoke muscle contractions and impact sensorimotor function. Numerous studies report the efficacy of peripheral electrical stimulation to alter tremor generation, thereby opening new perspectives for both short- and long-term tremor reduction. Therefore, it is timely to explore this promising modality in a comprehensive review. In this review, we analyzed 27 studies that reported the use of peripheral electrical stimulation to reduce tremor and discuss various considerations regarding peripheral electrical stimulation: the stimulation strategies and parameters, electrodes, experimental designs, results, and mechanisms hypothesized to reduce tremor. From our review, we identified a high degree of disparity across studies with regard to stimulation patterns, experimental designs and methods of assessing tremor. Having standardized experimental methodology is a critical step in the field and is needed in order to accurately compare results across studies. With this review, we explore peripheral electrical stimulation as an intervention for tremor reduction, identify the limitations and benefits of the current state-of-the-art studies, and provide ideas to guide the development of novel approaches based on the neural circuitries and mechanical properties implied in tremor generation.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on China's agricultural trade

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Cao ◽  
Tianxiang Li ◽  
Rongbo Wang ◽  
Jing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe outbreak of the novel COVID-19 virus has spread throughout the world, causing unprecedented disruption to not only China's agricultural trade but also the world's agricultural trade at large. This paper attempts to provide a preliminary analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China's agricultural importing and exporting from both short- and long-term perspectives.Design/methodology/approachThis study seeks to analyze how the outbreak of COVID-19 could potentially impact China's agricultural trade. With respect to exports, the authors have pinpointed major disruptive factors arising from the pandemic which have affected China's agricultural exports in both the short and long term; in doing so, we employ scenario analysis which simulates potential long-term effects. With regard to imports, possible impacts of the pandemic regarding the prospects of food availability in the world market are investigated. Using scenario analysis, the authors estimate the potential change in China's food market—especially meat import growth—in light of the implementation of the newly signed Sino-US Economic and Trade Agreement (SUETA).FindingsThe results show that China's agricultural exports have been negatively impacted in the short-term, mostly due to the disruption of the supply chain. In the long term, dampened external demand and potential imposition of non-tariff trade barriers (NTBs) will exert more profound and lasting negative effects on China's agricultural export trade. On the other hand, despite panic buying and embargoing policies from some exporting and importing countries, the world food availability and China's food import demand are still optimistic. The simulation results indicate that China's import of pork products, in light of COVID-19 and the implementation of SUETA, would most likely see a sizable climb in quantity, but a lesser climb in terms of value.Originality/valueAgricultural trade in China has been a focal-point of attention in recent years, with new challenges slowing exports and increasing dependence on imports for food security. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic adds significant uncertainty to agricultural trade, giving rise to serious concerns regarding its potential impact. By exploring the impact of the unprecedented pandemic on China's agricultural trade, this study should contribute to a better understanding of the still-evolving pandemic and shed light on pertinent policy implications.

III. “Geographic Perspectives on Soviet Central Asia”*

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Political Economic

A dramatic population increase coupled with a reduction in per capita investment is producing a “demographic cauldron” in Soviet Central Asia. This was the focus of Professor Lewis's December 7 lecture. In his presentation, Professor Lewis outlined the political, economic and social conditions that frame a grim picture for Central Asia. The region is plagued by an unfavorable convergence of factors: a rapidly growing rural population, especially the indigenous population which is concentrated in rural areas, labor surpluses, relatively little rural or northward out-migration, deteriorating economic conditions especially in rural areas and environmental degradation, along with significant social development and, thus, rising expectations and national awareness. At current growth rates, the indigenous, the rural, the total, and the rural working-age populations will double about every generation or less. Besides, there has been little effort on the part of the central government to shift investment and resource allocation priorities to accommodate the demographic changes.

scholarly journals Intelligent Systems for Commercial Application in Perennial Horticulture

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Edwards ◽  
Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Degree

Production in perennial horticulture relies on a high degree of crop management, but, due tothat perenniality, management decisions need to balance short- and long-term impacts. [...]

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