Synthesis of palmitoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol via a two-step enzyme reaction

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongchan Oh ◽  
Da Som No ◽  
Sung Won Yoon ◽  
Yangha Kim ◽  
Hak-Ryul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Reaction

Lead aspartate: a new en bloc stain for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
J.R. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
High Alkalinity

In electron microscopy, lead is the metal most widely used for enhancing specimen contrast. Lead citrate requires a pH of 12 to stain thin sections of epoxy-embedded material rapidly and intensively. However, this high alkalinity tends to leach out enzyme reaction products, making lead citrate unsuitable for many cytochemical studies. Substitution of the chelator aspartate for citrate allows staining to be carried out at pH 6 or 7 without apparent effect on cytochemical products. Moreover, due to the low, controlled level of free lead ions, contamination-free staining can be carried out en bloc, prior to dehydration and embedding. En bloc use of lead aspartate permits the grid-staining step to be bypassed, allowing samples to be examined immediately after thin-sectioning.Procedures. To prevent precipitation of lead salts, double- or glass-distilled H20 used in the stain and rinses should be boiled to drive off carbon dioxide and glassware should be carefully rinsed to remove any persisting traces of calcium ion.

Computer Simulation of the Response of Amperometric Biosensors in Stirred and non Stirred Solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronas ◽  
F. Ivanauskas ◽  
J. Kulys
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Analyte Concentration ◽  
Amperometric Biosensors ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Enzyme Layer ◽  
Biosensor Response

A mathematical model of amperometric biosensors has been developed to simulate the biosensor response in stirred as well as non stirred solution. The model involves three regions: the enzyme layer where enzyme reaction as well as mass transport by diffusion takes place, a diffusion limiting region where only the diffusion takes place, and a convective region, where the analyte concentration is maintained constant. Using computer simulation the influence of the thickness of the enzyme layer as well the diffusion one on the biosensor response was investigated. The computer simulation was carried out using the finite difference technique.

Machine Learning for Acute Toxicity Prediction Using High-Throughput Enzyme-Reaction Chip

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Duan ◽  
Jianchao Lee ◽  
Jinhong Gao ◽  
Jiayuan Chen ◽  
Yachao Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Prediction ◽  
Traditional Understanding

<p>Machine learning (ML) has brought significant technological innovations in many fields, but it has not been widely embraced by most researchers of natural sciences to date. Traditional understanding and promotion of chemical analysis cannot meet the definition and requirement of big data for running of ML. Over the years, we focused on building a more versatile and low-cost approach to the acquisition of copious amounts of data containing in a chemical reaction. The generated data meet exclusively the thirst of ML when swimming in the vast space of chemical effect. As proof in this study, we carried out a case for acute toxicity test throughout the whole routine, from model building, chip preparation, data collection, and ML training. Such a strategy will probably play an important role in connecting ML with much research in natural science in the future.</p>

Investigation of the effect of loratadine and calcium ions on oxidoreductase activity of catalase enzyme

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edhem Hasković ◽  
Safija Herenda ◽  
Zehra Halilović ◽  
Snežana Unčanin ◽  
Denis Hasković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
H1 Antihistamines ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Given

Background: The Spectrophotometric method is one of the most suitable analytical techniques for testing the activity of enzymes under the influence of various factors. Methods: The effect of H1-antihistamines of loratadine and calcium ions on enzyme catalase under in vitro conditions was investigated in this paper. Results and Discussion: It has been shown that loratadine isa partial inhibitor of catalase, but this effect is diminished in the presence of calcium ions. Calcium as well as other cations are important for many biological and cellular functions. The kidneys play a central role in the homeostasis of these ions. The activity of the catalase enzyme under the given conditions, the type of inhibition,and the kinetic parameters of the enzyme reaction were determined. Conclusion: We concluded that loratadine is a partially competitive inhibitor.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Capacities of Oils Obtained from 15 Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Cultivars in China

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Xixiang Shuai ◽  
Taotao Dai ◽  
Mingshun Chen ◽  
Ruihong Liang ◽  
Liqing Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Squalene Content ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

The planting area of macadamia in China accounted for more than one third of the world’s planted area. The lipid compositions, minor components, and antioxidant capacities of fifteen varieties of macadamia oil (MO) in China were comparatively investigated. All varieties of MO were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly including oleic acid (61.74–66.47%) and palmitoleic acid (13.22–17.63%). The main triacylglycerols of MO were first time reported, including 19.2–26.1% of triolein, 16.4–18.2% of 1-palmitoyl-2,3-dioleoyl-glycerol, and 11.9–13.7% of 1-palmitoleoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-glycerol, etc. The polyphenol, α-tocotrienol and squalene content varied among the cultivars, while Fuji (791) contained the highest polyphenols and squalene content. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated the polyphenols and squalene content positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity. This study can provide a crucial directive for the breeding of macadamia and offer an insight into industrial application of MO in China.

scholarly journals Promising Immobilization of Industrial-Class Phospholipase A1 to Attain High-Yield Phospholipids Hydrolysis and Repeated Use with Optimal Water Content in Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hayakawa ◽  
Ryoichi Nakayama ◽  
Norikazu Namiki ◽  
Masanao Imai
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Initial Reaction Rate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Phospholipase A1 ◽  
Repeated Use

In this study, we maximized the reactivity of phospholipids hydrolysis with immobilized industrial-class phospholipase A1 (PLA1) at the desired water content in the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion phase. The optimal hydrophobic-hydrophilic condition of the reaction media in a hydrophobic enzyme reaction is critical to realize the maximum yields of enzyme activity of phospholipase A1. It was attributed to enzymes disliking hydrophobic surroundings as a special molecular structure for reactivity. Immobilization of PLA1 was successfully achieved with the aid of a hydrophobic carrier (Accurel MP100) combination with the treatment using glutaraldehyde. The immobilized yield was over 90% based on simple adsorption. The hydrolysis reaction was kinetically investigated through the effect of glutaraldehyde treatment of carrier and water content in the W/O microemulsion phase. The initial reaction rate increased linearly with an increasing glutaraldehyde concentration and then leveled off over a 6% glutaraldehyde concentration. The initial reaction rate, which was predominantly driven by the water content in the organic phase, changed according to a typical bell-shaped curve with respect to the molar ratio of water to phospholipid. It behaved in a similar way with different glutaraldehyde concentrations. After 10 cycles of repeated use, the reactivity was well sustained at 40% of the initial reaction rate and the creation of the final product. Accumulated yield after 10 times repetition was sufficient for industrial applications. Immobilized PLA1 has demonstrated potential as a biocatalyst for the production of phospholipid biochemicals.

Trans-palmitoleic Acid Reduces Adiposity via Increased Lipolysis in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
L. Irasema Chávaro-Ortiz ◽  
Brenda D. Tapia-Vargas ◽  
Mariel Rico-Hidalgo ◽  
Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar ◽  
María E. Frigolet
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Obesity is defined as increased adiposity, which leads to metabolic disease. The growth of adipose tissue depends on its capacity to expand, through hyperplasia or hypertrophy, in order to buffer energy surplus. Also, during the establishment of obesity, adipose tissue expansion reflects adipose lipid metabolism (lipogenesis and/or lipolysis). It is well known that dietary factors can modify lipid metabolism promoting or preventing the development of metabolic abnormalities that concur with obesity. Trans-palmitoleic acid (TP), a biomarker of dairy consumption, has been associated with reduced adiposity in clinical studies. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TP over adiposity and lipid metabolism-related genes in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). To fulfil this aim, we fed C57BL/6 mice with a Control or a High Fat diet, added with or without TP (3g/kg diet), during 11 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored, fat pads were weighted, histology of visceral adipose tissue was analysed, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression was explored by qPCR. Results show that TP consumption prevented weight gain induced by high fat diet, reduced visceral adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size, while increasing the expression of lipolytic molecules. In conclusion, we show for the first time that TP influences adipose tissue metabolism, specifically lipolysis, resulting in decreased adiposity and reduced adipocyte size in a DIO mice model.

scholarly journals Nutricosmetic effects of Asparagus officinalis: a potent matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwannee Sriyab ◽  
Nachtharinee Laosirisathian ◽  
Chanun Punyoyai ◽  
Songyot Anuchapreeda ◽  
Singkome Tima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the nutricosmetic effect of Asparagus officinalis extracts. The tip and spear of A. officinalis were successively extracted with 95% ethanol. The rutin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents of A. officinalis extracts were investigated. The antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition were determined by in vitro enzyme reaction assay. The cytotoxicity was analyzed on peripheral blood mononuclear cellss. Findings revealed that drying temperature and drying duration had significant effects on the chemical composition and biological activity of A. officinalis extract. A. officinalis tips dried at 50 °C for 24 h contained the (significantly) highest flavonoid and rutin content. The most potent extract was from A. officinalis spears since it possessed the (significantly) highest MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition rates of 83.4 ± 1.5%, 70.4 ± 4.1%, and 75.2 ± 1.0%, respectively. Interestingly, at the same concentration, the A. officinalis spear extract was more potent in MMP-1 inhibition than oleanolic acid and epigallocatechin gallate, the well-known natural MMP-1 inhibitors. The results show that A. officinalis extract is an attractive source of natural anti-skin-wrinkle ingredients.

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