Experimental Proof of Contaminant Ingress into a Leaking Pipe During a Transient Event

<p>Here we investigate for the first time the opto-thermal behavior of SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si core/shell microbeads (Si-rex) irradiated with three common Raman laser sources (lambda=532, 633, 785 nm) under real working conditions. We obtained an experimental proof of the critical role played by bead size and aggregation in heat and light management, demonstrating that in the case of strong opto-thermal coupling the temperature can exceed that of the melting points of both core and shell components. In addition, we also show that weakly coupled beads can be utilized as stable substrates for plasmon-free SERS experiments.</p>

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Experimental Study for SPAR Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine With Blade-Pitch Control

Volume 8: Ocean Renewable Energy ◽

10.1115/omae2013-10649 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Toshiki Chujo ◽

Yoshimasa Minami ◽

Tadashi Nimura ◽

Shigesuke Ishida

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Scale Model ◽

Offshore Wind Turbine ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Pitch Control ◽

Model Experiments ◽

North Eastern ◽

North Eastern Part

The experimental proof of the floating wind turbine has been started off Goto Islands in Japan. Furthermore, the project of floating wind farm is afoot off Fukushima Prof. in north eastern part of Japan. It is essential for realization of the floating wind farm to comprehend its safety, electric generating property and motion in waves and wind. The scale model experiments are effective to catch the characteristic of floating wind turbines. Authors have mainly carried out scale model experiments with wind turbine models on SPAR buoy type floaters. The wind turbine models have blade-pitch control mechanism and authors focused attention on the effect of blade-pitch control on both the motion of floater and fluctuation of rotor speed. In this paper, the results of scale model experiments are discussed from the aspect of motion of floater and the effect of blade-pitch control.

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The Buzz about ADP-Ribosylation Toxins from Paenibacillus larvae, the Causative Agent of American Foulbrood in Honey Bees

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13020151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Julia Ebeling ◽

Anne Fünfhaus ◽

Elke Genersch

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Paenibacillus Larvae ◽

American Foulbrood ◽

Rho Proteins ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Host Interactions ◽

B Subunit ◽

Cellular Target ◽

B Subunits

The Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood, a highly contagious and often fatal honey bee brood disease. The species P. larvae comprises five so-called ERIC-genotypes which differ in virulence and pathogenesis strategies. In the past two decades, the identification and characterization of several P. larvae virulence factors have led to considerable progress in understanding the molecular basis of pathogen-host-interactions during P. larvae infections. Among these virulence factors are three ADP-ribosylating AB-toxins, Plx1, Plx2, and C3larvin. Plx1 is a phage-born toxin highly homologous to the pierisin-like AB-toxins expressed by the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae (Lepidoptera, Insecta) and to scabin expressed by the plant pathogen Streptomyces scabiei. These toxins ADP-ribosylate DNA and thus induce apoptosis. While the presumed cellular target of Plx1 still awaits final experimental proof, the classification of the A subunits of the binary AB-toxins Plx2 and C3larvin as typical C3-like toxins, which ADP-ribosylate Rho-proteins, has been confirmed experimentally. Normally, C3-exoenzymes do not occur together with a B subunit partner, but as single domain toxins. Interestingly, the B subunits of the two P. larvae C3-like toxins are homologous to the B-subunits of C2-like toxins with striking structural similarity to the PA-63 protomer of Bacillus anthracis.

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External vibrations can destroy the specific capacitance of supercapacitors – from experimental proof to theoretical explanations

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta11794c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sudipta Biswas ◽

Vikas Sharma ◽

Trilok Singh ◽

Amreesh Chandra

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxide ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Carbon Based

External vibrations can destroy the specific capacitance in supercapacitors. Carbon based supercapacitors show a higher ability to absorb the impacts of external vibrations, in comparison to metal oxide based pseudocapacitors.

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Aerodynamics of smooth and rough square-section prisms at incidence in very high Reynolds-number cross-flows

Experiments in Fluids ◽

10.1007/s00348-021-03143-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nils Paul van Hinsberg

Keyword(s):

Reynolds Number ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Reynolds Numbers ◽

Circular Cylinders ◽

Surface Boundary ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Surface Boundary Layer ◽

Pitch Moment ◽

The Mean ◽

High Reynolds

Abstract The aerodynamics of smooth and slightly rough prisms with square cross-sections and sharp edges is investigated through wind tunnel experiments. Mean and fluctuating forces, the mean pitch moment, Strouhal numbers, the mean surface pressures and the mean wake profiles in the mid-span cross-section of the prism are recorded simultaneously for Reynolds numbers between 1$$\times$$ × 10$$^{5}$$ 5 $$\le$$ ≤ Re$$_{D}$$ D $$\le$$ ≤ 1$$\times$$ × 10$$^{7}$$ 7 . For the smooth prism with $$k_s$$ k s /D = 4$$\times$$ × 10$$^{-5}$$ - 5 , tests were performed at three angles of incidence, i.e. $$\alpha$$ α = 0$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ , −22.5$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ and −45$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ , whereas only both “symmetric” angles were studied for its slightly rough counterpart with $$k_s$$ k s /D = 1$$\times$$ × 10$$^{-3}$$ - 3 . First-time experimental proof is given that, within the accuracy of the data, no significant variation with Reynolds number occurs for all mean and fluctuating aerodynamic coefficients of smooth square prisms up to Reynolds numbers as high as $$\mathcal {O}$$ O (10$$^{7}$$ 7 ). This Reynolds-number independent behaviour applies to the Strouhal number and the wake profile as well. In contrast to what is known from square prisms with rounded edges and circular cylinders, an increase in surface roughness height by a factor 25 on the current sharp-edged square prism does not lead to any notable effects on the surface boundary layer and thus on the prism’s aerodynamics. For both prisms, distinct changes in the aerostatics between the various angles of incidence are seen to take place though. Graphic abstract

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Specific inhibition of the Survivin–CRM1 interaction by peptide-modified molecular tweezers

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21753-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annika Meiners ◽

Sandra Bäcker ◽

Inesa Hadrović ◽

Christian Heid ◽

Christine Beuck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Export ◽

Rational Design ◽

Nuclear Export Signal ◽

Signal Interference ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Dual Function ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Molecular Tweezers ◽

Recognition Element ◽

Dynamics Simulations

AbstractSurvivin’s dual function as apoptosis inhibitor and regulator of cell proliferation is mediated via its interaction with the export receptor CRM1. This protein–protein interaction represents an attractive target in cancer research and therapy. Here, we report a sophisticated strategy addressing Survivin’s nuclear export signal (NES), the binding site of CRM1, with advanced supramolecular tweezers for lysine and arginine. These were covalently connected to small peptides resembling the natural, self-complementary dimer interface which largely overlaps with the NES. Several biochemical methods demonstrated sequence-selective NES recognition and interference with the critical receptor interaction. These data were strongly supported by molecular dynamics simulations and multiscale computational studies. Rational design of lysine tweezers equipped with a peptidic recognition element thus allowed to address a previously unapproachable protein surface area. As an experimental proof-of-principle for specific transport signal interference, this concept should be transferable to any protein epitope with a flanking well-accessible lysine.

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Feasibility of Secondary Follicle Isolation, Culture and Achievement of In-Vitro Oocyte Maturation from Superovulated Ovaries: An Experimental Proof-of-Concept Study Using Mice

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2757

Author(s):

Xia Hao ◽

Amandine Anastácio ◽

Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg

Keyword(s):

Oocyte Maturation ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Secondary Follicle ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

Follicle Size ◽

And Control

Fertility preservation through ovarian stimulation, aiming at cryopreserving mature oocytes or embryos, is sometimes unsuccessful. This clinical situation deserves novel approaches to overcome infertility following cancer treatment in patients facing highly gonadotoxic treatment. In this controlled experimental study, we investigated the feasibility of in-vitro culturing secondary follicles isolated from superovulated ovaries of mice recently treated with gonadotropins. The follicle yields of superovulated ovaries were 45.9% less than in unstimulated controls. Follicles from superovulated ovaries showed faster growth pace during the initial 7 days of culture and secreted more 17β-estradiol by the end of culture vs controls. Parameters reflecting the outcome of follicular development and oocyte maturation competence in vitro were similar between superovulated and control groups, with a similar follicle size at the end of culture and around 70% survival. Nearly half of cultured follicles met the criteria for in-vitro maturation in both groups and approximately 60% of those achieved a mature MII oocyte, similarly in both groups. Over 60% of obtained MII oocytes displayed normal-looking spindle and chromosome configurations, without significant differences between the groups. Using a validated follicle culture system, we demonstrated the feasibility of secondary follicle isolation, in-vitro culture and oocyte maturation with normal spindle and chromosome configurations obtained from superovulated mice ovaries.

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