scholarly journals Editorial: Preventive Vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisa B. Palatnik-de-Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Vaccination

April 20 to 26, 2020 – World Immunization Week

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Third World

Infectious diseases in the modern world continue to claim millions of human lives despite the achievements of medicine. While in developed countries the main cause of death is cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is the infectious processes that occupy leading positions in the structure of mortality in the third world countries. About 1.7 million children die from infections that could have been avoided by vaccination according to the World Health Organization. In contrast to the countries of Western Europe, where preventive vaccinations for the population are carried out for a fee, preventive vaccination in the Russian Federation is funded by the state. Immunoprophylaxis includes not only prevention of 12 major infections included in the calendar of preventive vaccinations (diphtheria, polio, tetanus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, pneumococcal infections and haemophilus influenzae, influenza), but also vaccination against 17 additional infections in case of epidemiological indications.

scholarly journals Flattening the Curve of COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection—An International Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Wojciech Feleszko ◽  
Piotr Lewulis ◽  
Adam Czarnecki ◽  
Paweł Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Very High ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by legislative power and social campaigns.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Severe Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Rituximab-Treated Patients in Germany: Implications for Diagnosis and Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp A Steininger ◽  
Tobias Bobinger ◽  
Wenke Dietrich ◽  
De-Hyung Lee ◽  
Michael Knott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection

Abstract Rituximab (RTX) has become a standard therapy for certain B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. We report 2 RTX-treated patients who developed severe tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection. The inability to generate new antibody responses renders RTX-treated patients susceptible to TBEV, impedes laboratory diagnosis, and necessitates preventive vaccination in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Preventive vaccination against cervical cancer: Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology Guideline

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Jin Min ◽  
Sang-Hoon Kwon ◽  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
Hyun Jung Kim ◽  
Seok Ju Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Preventive Vaccination

INFLUENCE OF THE INITIAL SOURCE OF EPIDEMIC AND PREVENTIVE VACCINATION ON THE SPREADING PHENOMENA IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. KOSIŃSKI ◽  
Ł. ADAMOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Small World ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Small World Networks ◽  
Spreading Process ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Initial Source

The probabilistic model of epidemic in a two-dimensional lattice with an additional random, long range connections characteristic for the small world networks is presented. Relations describing the spreading process of epidemics, like epidemic curve or range of epidemic in time, were found. The influence of the borders of the lattice and the localization of the initial source of epidemic on the epidemic curve is found analytically. The application of the preventive vaccination in the population is discussed.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE FORMATION OF ANTITUMOR IMMUNE RESPONSES IN THE SYSTEM OF PREVENTIVE VACCINATION OF MICE WITH TESTICULAR ANTIGENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-670
Author(s):  
A. B. Dorzhieva ◽  
T. S. Khabalova ◽  
Yu. E. Androsova ◽  
E. A. Kaschenko ◽  
I. P. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Experimental Group

Аppearance of a malignant tumor is associated with impaired mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis ability. However, these changes are not enough for immune system to recognize and destroy mutated cells. Weak immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and the insufficiency of co-stimulating molecules on the surface of tumor cells is a reason for this phenomenon Since biochemical processes of tumor cells and healthy tissue cells are identical, therefore creation of effective chemotherapeutic drugs is limited not by selectivity of their action. So antitumor vaccination is the most effective specific method for both preventing recurrence of a disease and a therapeutic treatment tool in oncology. Xenogeneic proteins are highly immunogenic and effective in breaking immune tolerance to human analogs. In our work, we used sheep testicular AG as a source xenogenic TAAs. Sheep testicles contain a large set of TAAs. Experimental mice were immunized with type liposomal testicular vaccine from sheep, one month after vaccination, to induce tumor growth, cells of carcinoma LLC were implanted in mouse. The life expectancy of the experimental group of mice was 2 times higher compared to the syngenetic control and 20% of them did not develop the tumor at all. In the spleen of mice who did not have tumors after pre-vaccination sheep liposomal testicular AG, T-regulatory cells and T-memory cells were measured. We found a credible decrease in both naive Treg (CD4+CD25+), activated (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) and both T-memory (CD4+CD44+) and central memory (CD4+CD44+CD62L+) in spleen pre-vaccination mice with compared to the contral intact spleen. Content of IFNg and IL-10 in supernatants of mouse slenocytes derived from vaccinated mice with no tumors was investigated and showed a reliable decrease in the amount of IL-10, but not IFNg. We believe that immunization with xenogenic tumor AGs can lead to the formation of a protective antitumor response. 

scholarly journals Epidemic Activity of Natural Tularemia Foci in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2018 and Forecast of the Situation for 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. P. Popov ◽  
A. N. Mokrievich ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
A. V. Kholin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Center ◽  
The North ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Survey

Objective of the study – assessment of epizootic and epidemic situation on tularemia in 2018 and forecasting the risk of infection in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2019. Analysis of epidemiological situation was carried out on the basis of the data from monitoring activities performed by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions and the data contained in the reports of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East, Plague Control Center, Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, as well as federal statistical survey forms No 5 “Information on preventive vaccination” and No 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic  diseases” over the period of January-December 2018 in eight Federal Districts including 85 constituent entities. Given are the retrospective data on tularemia epidemic situation in the territory of the Russian Federation over the past decade. 1944 human tularemia cases were registered in Russia between 2009 and 2018, 1005 out of which occurred during epidemic outbreak in 2013 in Khanty-Manssiysk Autonomous Region. High sporadic and small cluster incidence was mainly observed in the territories of the North-estern and Siberian Federal Districts over the recent years. In 2018, 71 cases of human infection with tularemia agent were reported. Epizootic manifestations of varying degree of intensity were detected in 52 entities of Russia. Against that background, sporadic cases of human infection were registered in 19 regions of the country. For three years epidemic complications expressed to the maximum were observed in the Omsk Region – 18 cases of tularemia infection, and Karelia – 14 cases, respectively. 15 Francisella tularensis cultures were isolated from ambient  environment objects in Pskov, Leningrad Regions, Altai Territory, Republics of Altai and Tuva. Conclusions have been drawn in relation to the regions where epidemic complications associated with tularemia are most likely to emerge in 2019. 

scholarly journals Rabies in the Northwest U.S. and Canada

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
James Steele
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
New Vaccines

Rabies is a problem in western US as well as most of the country. The disease has become established in skunks, foxes, raccoons and bats, and is sporadic in all kinds of other mammals. Companion animals, i.e., dogs and cats are successfully protected by immunization - new vaccines can give protection for life, although it is recommended that the vaccine be given annually in areas where rabies is enzootic. There have been few human deaths due to rabies in the past decade due to the improved human treatment and preventive vaccination of persons at risk, ie. veterinarians and their assistants, wildlife wardens and scientists.

Ustalenie właściwości organu administracji publicznej w zakresie prowadzenia egzekucji obowiązkowych szczepień ochronnych i występowania z wnioskiem o ukaranie za uchylanie się od tego obowiązku

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Sebastian Czechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
Legislative Changes

The article is devoted to determine the authority competent to carry out the execution of the obligation to vaccinate, as well as the authority competent to apply for punishment of those who persistently evade preventive vaccinations on the basis of the Code of Misdemeanours in Poland. After analysing the competencies of the public administration bodies and comparing them with the judicial decisions of the administrative courts and the Supreme Court issued in cases involving mandatory preventive vaccination, which present an inconsistent line of jurisprudence, the author concludes that the enforcement body is the province governor. However, it is necessary to postulate legislative changes, primarily in the area of the possible transfer of competencies from the province governor to the State Sanitary Inspection.

Preventive vaccination issues

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
М.V. Krasnov ◽  
М.G. Borovkova ◽  
L.А. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Vaccination
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