scholarly journals Lack of access to an open water source for bathing inhibited the development of the preen gland and preening behavior in Sanshui White ducks

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 5214-5221
Author(s):  
Jiandui Mi ◽  
Hongling Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Kate Hartcher ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Preen Gland

scholarly journals Non-fatal drowning in under-five rural children of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan Abdullah ◽  
Meerjady Sabrina Flora
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Total Respondent ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
One Year

Drowning has been identified as a major cause of death in children in both developed and developing countries. Non-fatal drowning is several times higher than the fatal drowning. To describe the socio-demographic and environmental attributes of non-fatal drowning in rural children this community based descriptive study was conducted on 122 children having non-fatal drowning events within one year of study period. This study was undertaken in Raigonj sub-district of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh. Mothers of those children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Out of all participants 56.6% children were 2-4 years of age and male-female ratio was almost equal. Of the total respondent mothers 55% were illiterate and 41.8% were below the age of 25 years. Seasonal variation was observed in non-fatal drowning. Rainy season (50.8%) appeared as the most risky period followed by summer (29.5%). Higher incidence occurred (53.3%) between 10 am to 2 pm of the day. Although most of the drowning occurred outside the home, 9% drowning occurred in water container (like drum, tub) within the home. Pond (50.5%) was found as the most common place among open water source. During the occurrence, 23% child was not accompanied by parents or any caregivers. At the time of drowning, 47.5% mothers were engaged with usual household work and were not present at the place of occurrence whereas 13% mothers were present around the place of occurance. Before drowning, 45.1% victim was either playing, bathing or swimming in the water. Only 10.7% needed resuscitation, 25% were taken to health centre and reached the health centre within an hour, about a fifth (22.6%) of them were admitted. Restriction in dangerous water activities, strengthening supervision of children might decrease the incidence of drowning while quick and effective medical response might prevent its fatal consequences.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 37-41

scholarly journals An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Parker ◽  
R. Youlten ◽  
M. Dillon ◽  
T. Nussbaumer ◽  
R. C. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
North East ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality

Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to “halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”. However, the corresponding indicator measures the “proportion of population using an improved drinking water source”. This raises the question of whether “safe” and “improved” can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this hypothesis by comparing microbiological water quality in 346 different water sources across the District of Amuria in Uganda to each other and to defined standards, including the WHO drinking water standard of zero TTC per 100 ml, and the Ugandan national standard of 50 TTC per 100 ml. The water sources were grouped into six different categories: boreholes, protected springs, covered hand dug wells, open hand dug wells, open water and roofwater harvesting. The paper concludes that the ranking from the highest to the lowest microbiological quality water was: boreholes, protected springs and roofwater harvesting, open and covered hand dug wells, open water. It also concludes that sanitary surveys cannot be used to predict water quality precisely; however they are an essential component of the monitoring of safe water supplies.

scholarly journals Current Status of Schistosoma mansoni Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Students in Gorgora Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarko Essa ◽  
Yemane Birhane ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Asmeret Moges ◽  
Feleke Moges
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background and Objective. Schistosomiasis is highly prevalent in tropics and causes morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed to assess the current status of S. mansoni infections and associated risk factors among students in Gorgora town, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to November 2010 at Gorgora, Northwest Ethiopia. All students (579) present during the study period were enrolled. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and predisposing factors. Stool examination was performed using wet mount and Kato-Katz techniques. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Result. Among 579 students enrolled, 291 (50.3%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Prevalence of S. mansoni was found to be 20.6% with mean intensity of infection (125 eggs per gram of feces). Lack of awareness and water contact habits such as frequent swimming in the open water source, agricultural activities on bare foot, and washing clothes were also associated with high risk of S. mansoni infection. Conclusion. Even though there seems to be a decline in the prevalence of S. mansoni infections in the study area, the problem still persists and affects students significantly. Therefore, therapeutic intervention and health education are needed.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

Brief history and ways of further development of the department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FSBI «VNIIGiM named after A.N. Kostyakov»

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Construction Operation

Department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FGBNU «VNIIGiM them. A.N. Kostyakova «has a long history. For many years, the department’s staff has been such scientists and water engineers with extensive experience as M.A. Volynov, V.S. Verbitsky, S.S. Medvedev, N.V. Lebedev, B.C. Panfilov, T.G. Voynich-Syanozhentsky, V.A. Golubkova, G.V. Lyapin and others. The department solved a wide range of tasks, the main areas of research were the following: – theoretical and applied hydrodynamics and hydraulics, with reference to the open channel flows that affect the state and level of safety of the hydraulic structures; – integrated use and protection of water bodies – water sources and water sources of water resources used in land reclamation; – development of measures and technical solutions for the protection of objects from the negative effects of water; – theoretical substantiation of works to improve the safety level of the GTS (declaration); – development and implementation of digitalization methods for solving design, construction, operation and control of landreclamation facilities. Currently, promising areas of research is the development of a decision-making algorithm in the designation of measures to rationalize the provision of resources to water amelioration. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a detailed study, systematization and processing of data both on safety and on the efficiency of systems and structures, ensuring the delivery of irrigation water of the required quality and in sufficient quantity from a water source to the field.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

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