Depressive symptoms in obesity: Relative contribution of low-grade inflammation and metabolic health

AbstractDespite increasing evidence for an association between circulating uric acid (UA) and depression, the directionality of this association remains unclear and is potentially moderated by low-grade inflammation. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between serum UA concentration and depressive symptoms in Korean individuals with and without low-grade inflammation, as measured using serum high-specific C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. The final study sample comprised 4188 participants, aged 19–79 years, from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2016. Data on serum uric acid (UA) concentrations, serum hs-CRP levels, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores, and relative covariates were retrieved. Negative binomial regression with adjustment for the complex sample design was used to analyze the associations. After adjusting for covariates, log-transformed serum UA concentrations and total PHQ-9 scores were positively associated (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.34 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.66]) for participants without low-grade inflammation and inversely associated (IRR = 0.64 [95% CI = 0.45–0.92]) for participants with low-grade inflammation. In conclusion, the direction of the association between serum UA and depressive symptoms was the opposite in participants with and without low-grade inflammation. The study has the limitation of potential uncontrolled confounders.

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Opportunities for probiotics and polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve metabolic health of overweight pregnant women

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2016.0068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Mokkala ◽

H. Röytiö ◽

U. Ekblad ◽

K. Laitinen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Pregnant State ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Overweight during pregnancy predisposes both the mother and foetus to health complications. Maternal complications include gestational diabetes, obstetric problems and type 2 diabetes later in life. Complications for the offspring are not only restricted to the foetal period or birth, such as prematurity and foetal macrosomia, but may also have long-term metabolic health implications through the mechanism of early nutrition programming. One of the key metabolic components characterising overweight in the non-pregnant state is low-grade inflammation manifested by elevated levels of circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, in addition to adipose tissue and placenta, inflammatory response may originate from the gut. The extent to which overweight induces metabolic maladaptation during pregnancy and further compromises maternal and child health is currently poorly understood. In this review, we evaluate recent scientific literature and describe the suggested links between overweight, gut and low-grade inflammation associated metabolic disorders. We focus on overweight pregnant women and gestational diabetes, and discuss how specific dietary factors, probiotics and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil), might confer health benefits in combatting against metabolic risk factors.

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Relative contribution of health-related behaviours and chronic diseases to the socioeconomic patterning of low-grade inflammation

International Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s00038-016-0939-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 551-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Marialaura Bonaccio ◽

◽

Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽

George Pounis ◽

Amalia De Curtis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Low Grade ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Health Related ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

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Persistent Depressive Symptoms are Independent Predictors of Low-Grade Inflammation Onset Among Healthy Individuals

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia ◽

10.5935/abc.20170080 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fábio Gazelato de Mello Franco ◽

Antonio Gabriele Laurinavicius ◽

Paulo A. Lotufo ◽

Raquel D. Conceição ◽

Fernando Morita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Low Grade ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

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Exploring low grade inflammation by soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels in schizophrenia: a sex-dependent association with depressive symptoms

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03522-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Therese Torgersen Bigseth ◽

John Abel Engh ◽

Jens Egeland ◽

Eivind Andersen ◽

Ole Andreas Andreassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ◽

Low Grade ◽

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor ◽

Identification Test ◽

Disorder Identification ◽

Plasminogen Activator Receptor ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Background There is evidence of increased low grade inflammation (LGI) in schizophrenia patients. However, the inter-individual variation is large and the association with demographic, somatic and psychiatric factors remains unclear. Our aim was to explore whether levels of the novel LGI marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were associated with clinical factors in schizophrenia and if such associations were sex-dependent. Method In this observational study a total of 187 participants with schizophrenia (108 males, 79 females) underwent physical examination and assessment with clinical interviews (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), and Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT)). Blood levels of suPAR, glucose, lipids, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used adjusting for confounders, and sex interaction tested in significant variables. Results Adjusting for sex, age, current tobacco smoking and BMI, we found that levels of hsCRP and depressive symptoms (CDSS) were positively associated with levels of suPAR (p < 0.001). The association between suPAR and CDSS score was significant in females (p < 0.001) but not in males. Immune activation measured by hsCRP was not associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for BMI. Conclusion Our findings indicate that increased suPAR levels are associated with depressive symptoms in females with schizophrenia, suggesting aberrant immune activation in this subgroup. Our results warrant further studies, including longitudinal follow-up of suPAR levels in schizophrenia and experimental studies of mechanisms.

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The Role of Autophagy in White Adipose Tissue Function: Implications for Metabolic Health

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10050179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽

Alberto Tinahones ◽

Rajaa El Bekay ◽

María M. Malagón ◽

Francisco J. Tinahones

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Current Data ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Low Grade ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Cell Remodeling ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a highly adaptive endocrine organ that continuously remodels in response to nutritional cues. WAT expands to store excess energy by increasing adipocyte number and/or size. Failure in WAT expansion has serious consequences on metabolic health resulting in altered lipid, glucose, and inflammatory profiles. Besides an impaired adipogenesis, fibrosis and low-grade inflammation also characterize dysfunctional WAT. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms leading to impaired WAT expansibility are yet unresolved. Autophagy is a conserved and essential process for cellular homeostasis, which constitutively allows the recycling of damaged or long-lived proteins and organelles, but is also highly induced under stress conditions to provide nutrients and remove pathogens. By modulating protein and organelle content, autophagy is also essential for cell remodeling, maintenance, and survival. In this line, autophagy has been involved in many processes affected during WAT maladaptation, including adipogenesis, adipocyte, and macrophage function, inflammatory response, and fibrosis. WAT autophagy dysregulation is related to obesity and diabetes. However, it remains unclear whether WAT autophagy alteration in obese and diabetic patients are the cause or the consequence of WAT malfunction. In this review, current data regarding these issues are discussed, focusing on evidence from human studies.

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