scholarly journals A geographic strategy for cross-jurisdictional, proactive management of invasive annual grasses in Oregon

Rangelands ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Creutzburg ◽  
Andrew C. Olsen ◽  
Molly A. Anthony ◽  
Jeremy D. Maestas ◽  
Jacqueline B. Cupples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Management ◽  
Annual Grasses

Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
J. D. Green ◽  
Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who are elderly or have comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Glaspole ◽  
Francesco Bonella ◽  
Elena Bargagli ◽  
Marilyn K. Glassberg ◽  
Fabian Caro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Discontinuation ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) predominantly affects individuals aged > 60 years who have several comorbidities. Nintedanib is an approved treatment for IPF, which reduces the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC). We assessed the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with IPF who were elderly and who had multiple comorbidities. Methods Data were pooled from five clinical trials in which patients were randomised to receive nintedanib 150 mg twice daily or placebo. We assessed outcomes in subgroups by age < 75 versus ≥ 75 years, by < 5 and ≥ 5 comorbidities, and by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≤ 3 and > 3 at baseline. Results The data set comprised 1690 patients. Nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) over 52 weeks versus placebo in patients aged ≥ 75 years (difference: 105.3 [95% CI 39.3, 171.2]) (n = 326) and < 75 years (difference 125.2 [90.1, 160.4]) (n = 1364) (p = 0.60 for treatment-by-time-by-subgroup interaction), in patients with < 5 comorbidities (difference: 107.9 [95% CI 65.0, 150.9]) (n = 843) and ≥ 5 comorbidities (difference 139.3 [93.8, 184.8]) (n = 847) (p = 0.41 for treatment-by-time-by-subgroup interaction) and in patients with CCI score ≤ 3 (difference: 106.4 [95% CI 70.4, 142.4]) (n = 1330) and CCI score > 3 (difference: 129.5 [57.6, 201.4]) (n = 360) (p = 0.57 for treatment-by-time-by-subgroup interaction). The adverse event profile of nintedanib was generally similar across subgroups. The proportion of patients with adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation was greater in patients aged ≥ 75 years than < 75 years in both the nintedanib (26.4% versus 16.0%) and placebo (12.2% versus 10.8%) groups. Similarly the proportion of patients with adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation was greater in patients with ≥ 5 than < 5 comorbidities (nintedanib: 20.5% versus 15.7%; placebo: 12.1% versus 10.0%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the effect of nintedanib on reducing the rate of FVC decline is consistent across subgroups based on age and comorbidity burden. Proactive management of adverse events is important to reduce the impact of adverse events and help patients remain on therapy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00514683, NCT01335464, NCT01335477, NCT02788474, NCT01979952.

Living with exotic annual grasses in the sagebrush ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 112417
Author(s):  
Kirk W. Davies ◽  
Elizabeth A. Leger ◽  
Chad S. Boyd ◽  
Lauren M. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Sagebrush Ecosystem ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Exotic Annual Grasses

scholarly journals Milk Production, Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Activity, and Rumination of Organic Dairy Cattle Grazing Two Different Pasture Systems Incorporating Cool- and Warm-Season Forages

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Ritz ◽  
Bradley J. Heins ◽  
Roger D. Moon ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Sharon L. Weyers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1

Organic dairy cows were used to evaluate the effect of two organic pasture production systems (temperate grass species and warm-season annual grasses and cool-season annuals compared with temperate grasses only) across two grazing seasons (May to October of 2014 and 2015) on milk production, milk components (fat, protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), somatic cell score (SCS)), body weight, body condition score (BCS), and activity and rumination (min/day). Cows were assigned to two pasture systems across the grazing season at an organic research dairy in Morris, Minnesota. Pasture System 1 was cool-season perennials (CSP) and Pasture System 2 was a combination of System 1 and warm-season grasses and cool-season annuals. System 1 and System 2 cows had similar milk production (14.7 and 14.8 kg d−1), fat percentage (3.92% vs. 3.80%), protein percentage (3.21% vs. 3.17%), MUN (12.5 and 11.5 mg dL−1), and SCS (4.05 and 4.07), respectively. Cows in System 1 had greater daily rumination (530 min/day) compared to cows in System 2 (470 min/day). In summary, warm-season annual grasses may be incorporated into grazing systems for pastured dairy cattle.

Palweed:Wheat: A Bioeconomic Decision Model for Postemergence Weed Management in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Jin Kwon ◽  
Douglas L. Young ◽  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Damage Function ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Winter Annual

Based on six years of data from a field experiment near Pullman, WA, a bioeconomic decision model was developed to annually estimate the optimal post-emergence herbicide types and rates to control multiple weed species in winter wheat under various tillage systems and crop rotations. The model name, PALWEED:WHEAT, signifies a Washington-Idaho Palouse region weed management model for winter wheat The model consists of linear preharvest weed density functions, a nonlinear yield response function, and a profit function. Preharvest weed density functions were estimated for four weed groups: summer annual grasses, winter annual grasses, summer annual broadleaves, and winter annual broadleaves. A single aggregated weed competition index was developed from the four density functions for use functions for use in the yield model. A yield model containing a logistic damage function performed better than a model containing a rectangular hyperbolic damage function. Herbicides were grouped into three categories: preplant nonselective, postemergence broadleaf, and postemergence grass. PALWEED:WHEAT was applied to average conditions of the 6-yr experiment to predict herbicide treatments that maximized profit. In comparison to average treatment rates in the 6-yr experiment, the bioeconomic decision model recommended less postemergence herbicide. The weed management recommendations of PALWEED:WHEAT behaved as expected by agronomic and economic theory in response to changes in assumed weed populations, herbicide costs, crop prices, and possible restrictions on herbicide application rates.

Herbicides for Postemergence Control of Annual Grass Weeds in Seedling Forage Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Russell S. Moomaw ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

The control of three summer annual grass weeds with herbicides during establishment of forage grasses was studied near Concord and Mead, NE, in 1984, 1985, and 1986. Three cool-season forage grasses, intermediate wheatgrass, tall fescue, and smooth bromegrass, and two warm-season grasses, big bluestem and switchgrass, were included. The control of three major summer annual grasses, green foxtail, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass, was excellent with fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg ai/ha. Slight to moderate injury to cool-season forage grasses and severe injury to warm-season grasses were evident. Sethoxydim at 0.22 kg ai/ha and haloxyfop at 0.11 kg ai/ha controlled green foxtail and large crabgrass, but not barnyardgrass. Sulfometuron-treated big bluestem and switchgrass plots had the best forage stand frequencies and yields and, at the rate used, sulfometuron satisfactorily controlled green foxtail but only marginally controlled barnyardgrass and large crabgrass.

scholarly journals Modelling both the continual erosion and regeneration of discolouration material in drinking water distribution systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Furnass ◽  
R. P. Collins ◽  
P. S. Husband ◽  
R. L. Sharpe ◽  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Mass Transport Model

The erosion of the cohesive layers of particulate matter that causes discolouration in water distribution system mains has previously been modelled using the Prediction of Discolouration in Distribution Systems (PODDS) model. When first proposed, PODDS featured an unvalidated means by which material regeneration on pipe walls could be simulated. Field and laboratory studies of material regeneration have yielded data that suggest that the PODDS formulations incorrectly model these processes. A new model is proposed to overcome this shortcoming. It tracks the relative amount of discolouration material that is bound to the pipe wall over time at each of a number of shear strengths. The model formulations and a mass transport model have been encoded as software, which has been used to verify the model's constructs and undertake sensitivity analyses. The new formulations for regeneration are conceptually consistent with field and laboratory observed data and have potential value in the proactive management of water distribution systems, such as evaluating change in discolouration risk and planning timely interventions.

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