Phosphate solubilization potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc. roots

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.

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Endophytic Fungi: Role in Phosphate Solubilization

Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research - Fungal Biology ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-03589-1_9 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 183-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Preeti Mehta ◽

Rashmi Sharma ◽

Chayanika Putatunda ◽

Abhishek Walia

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Phosphate Solubilization

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Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Endophytic Fungi From Rice Plant Root

BioScience ◽

10.24036/020182110043-0-00 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Dezi Handayani ◽

Mades Fifendy ◽

Verawati Yesni

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Phosphate Solubilization ◽

Plant Root ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Microscopic Appearance ◽

Root Endophytic Fungi ◽

Solubilization Ability

Root endophytic fungi plays different roles for plant, such as plant growth promoting properties, agents to control phytopathogens, and increase phosphorus uptake. Since phosphorus are essential for plant growth and its occurance are limited, so it is necessary to explore these fungus to replace the used of synthetic fertilizer. The objective of this study were to obtain root endophytic fungi from rice plant and to determine its phosphate solubilization ability. The root organ of rice plant was subjected for isolation. Pikovskaya medium was use to determine the fungal phosphorus solubilization ability. Fungal morphological characteristics was carried out by macroscopic and microscopic appearance assessment using microscope. Seven endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from rice plant root sample. Four isolate were micelial steril with no conidia, two isolate refers to Aspergillus and 1 isolate have 2-4 conidia at the tip of conidiophores. Amongs 7 endophytics fungi, only one isolate (P2B3) had the ability to solubilize phosphate with the phosphate solubilization index value 20.45 %.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of bioactive compounds produced from endophytic fungi of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) in Nepal

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23250.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Dhurva Prasad Gauchan ◽

Pratistha Kandel ◽

Astha Tuladhar ◽

Ashesh Acharya ◽

Upendra Kadel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Fungal Extracts ◽

Taxus Wallichiana

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.

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ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM Ficus carica FOR BIOCONTROL AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION

Environment & Ecosystem science ◽

10.26480/ees.02.2020.77.84 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 77-84

Author(s):

Norsalsabila Mohd Rosli ◽

Khairul Izzah Abu Hasan Ashari ◽

Nur Sabrina Ahmad Azmi

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Phosphate Solubilization ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Preliminary Screening ◽

The Family ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Fungal endophytes are a special group of symbionts that invade the internal environment of the host organism without causing any pathogenic symptoms. They increase the vigor of the plant while protecting them from several biotic and abiotic stress conditions such as herbivory, disease, and drought. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from fig (Ficus carica), a beneficial plant belongs to the family of Moraceae. This study was conducted to determine the potential of fungal endophytes of F.carica as biocontrol agents against selected phytopathogens Ganoderma boninense, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Fusarium verticillioides. Besides, endophytic fungi isolates were also screened to assess their ability as a phosphate-solubilizing agent. Results obtained revealed that a total of 11 fungal endophytes was successfully isolated from leaf, root, and stem samples of F.carica. The cultural-morphological identifications were carried out on the unknown fungal isolates. For the antagonistic test, S2-1 and R3-4 show a promising potential against those phytopathogens with more than 20% Percentage Inhibition Radial Growth (PIRG). Endophyte S2-1 exhibits the competition mechanism, while R3-4 expresses the antibiosis mechanism in suppressing the mycelium growth of phytopathogens. As for phosphate solubilization, 8 of 10 isolates show positive results as phosphate solubilizer with the highest PSI value 3.02±0.05 (S2-4).

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Annulohypoxylon sp. strain MUS1, an Endophyte isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc. produces Taxol and Other Bioactive Metabolites

10.1101/2020.04.05.025858 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dhurva Prasad Gauchan ◽

Heriberto Vélëz ◽

Ashesh Acharya ◽

Johnny R. Östman ◽

Karl Lundén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Anticancer Compound ◽

Taxus Wallichiana

AbstractEndophytes are microbial colonizers that reside in plants by symbiotic association produces several biological classes of natural products. The current study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi isolated from the Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) collected from the Mustang district of Nepal. The plant materials were collected from the Lower-Mustang region in the month of October 2016 and the endophytic fungi were isolated on artificial media from inner tissues of bark and needles. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, along with total phenolic- and flavonoid-content assays, were used in the evaluation of bioactivity of the fermented crude extracts along with the in vitro ability of the endophytes to produce the anticancer compound Taxol was analyzed. A total of 16 fungal morphotypes were obtained from asymptomatic inner tissues of the bark and needles of T. wallichiana. Among the 16 isolates, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of isolate MUS1, showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against all test-pathogens used, with significant inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC: 250 µg/ml) and the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans (MIC: 125 µg/ml). Antioxidant activity was also evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the % radical scavenging activity was 83.15±0.40, 81.62±0.11, and 62.36±0.29, for ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and the EA fraction of MUS1, respectively. The DPPH-IC50 value for the EA fraction was 81.52 µg/ml, compared to BHT (62.87 µg/ml) and ascorbic acid (56.15 µg/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the EA fraction were 16.90±0.075 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 11.59±0.148 µg rutin equivalent (RE), per mg of dry crude extract, respectively. Isolate MUS1, identified as an Annulohypoxylon sp. by ITS sequencing, also produced Taxol (282.05 µg/L) as shown by TLC and HPLC analysis. Having the ability to produce antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, as well as the anticancer compound Taxol, makes Annulohypoxylon sp. strain MUS1, a promising candidate for further study given that naturally occurring bioactive compounds are of great interest to the pharmacological, food and cosmetic industries.

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Biochemical characterization of multifunctional endophytic fungi from Bambusa oldhamii Munro

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5066370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Andreia Alves da Costa Silveira ◽

Leila Garcês de Araújo ◽

Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi ◽

Fabrícia Paula de Faria ◽

Sérgio Tadeu Sibov

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Phosphate Solubilization ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Future Studies ◽

Polyphenol Oxidases ◽

Bambusa Oldhamii

ABSTRACT In a plant-endophyte relationship, substances secreted by microorganisms can help the plant to defend itself against pathogens and also to promote an increase in biomass. This study aimed to biochemically characterize endophytic fungi from Bambusa oldhamii Munro, aiming at future studies on plant growth promotion, as well as on resistance induction. The following fungal isolates from B. oldhamii were used: 29 (Acrocalymma sp.); 122 (Botryobambusa fusicoccum); 711 (Phoma sp.); and 712 (Phoma sp.). Biochemical characterization was performed, analyzing the production of indole-acetic acid, chitinases and glucanases, as well as the presence or absence of polyphenol oxidases and phosphate solubilization activity in vitro. The isolate 29 produced larger amounts of indole-acetic acid and chitinases, yielding 31.55 mg mL-1 after 96 h and 2.59 U mL-1 after 120 h, respectively. The isolate 122 produced an increased amount of glucanases, yielding 2.65 U mL-1 after 72 h. The isolates 29, 711 and 712 produced polyphenol oxidases. The isolate 711 showed phosphate solubilization activity in vitro. These results indicate that the isolates under study show a potential for inducing resistance in plants and for future studies on the increase of plant biomass.

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