Prevalence, associated risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of non-typhoidal Salmonella in large scale swine production in Córdoba, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
J.P. Vico ◽  
A.M. Lorenzutti ◽  
A.P. Zogbi ◽  
G. Aleu ◽  
I.C. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Understanding, Management, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel K. Leung ◽  
Maya Deeb ◽  
Sandra E. Fischer ◽  
Aliya Gulamhusein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) constitute 5 to 15% of patients listed for liver transplantation worldwide. Although post-transplant outcomes are favorable, recurrent PSC (rPSC) occurs in an important subset of patients, with higher prevalence rates reported with increasing time from transplant. Given its association with poor graft outcomes and risk of retransplant, effort has been made to understand rPSC, its pathophysiology, and risk factors. This review covers these facets of rPSC and focuses on implicated risk factors including pretransplant recipient characteristics, inflammatory bowel-disease-related factors, and donor-specific and transplant-specific factors. Confirming a diagnosis of rPSC requires thoughtful consideration of alternative etiologies so as to ensure confidence in diagnosis, management, subsequent risk assessment, and counseling for patients. Unfortunately, no cure exists for rPSC; however, future large-scale efforts are underway to better characterize the natural history of rPSC and its associated risk factors with hopes of identifying potential key targets for novel therapies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors: Evidence from the large-scale surveys in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddaf Akhtar ◽  
Preeti Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Context: India has observed the most devastating increases in the burden of diabetes in the contemporary era. However, so far, the comparable prevalence of diabetes is only available for limited geography. Aims: The present paper provides comparable estimates of diabetes prevalence in states and districts of India and examines the associated risk factors with newly diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Setting and Design: The study uses clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data from District Level Household and Facility Survey (2012–2013) and Annual Health Survey (2014). Subjects and Methods: The paper analyses the information on glucose level of the blood sample and defines diabetes as per the World Health Organization (1999) criteria. It applies multinomial logistic regression to identify the risk factors of diabetes. Results: The study estimates 7% adults with diabetes in India, with a higher level in urban (9.8%) than in the rural area (5.7%), a higher proportion of males (7.1%) than females (6.8%). Widowed, older persons, and persons with high blood pressure have very high risk of both diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Comparing to Hindus, Muslims and Christians have higher, and Sikhs have less risk of diabetes. Further, corresponding to general caste, scheduled castes, and other backward classes have a high risk of newly diagnosed but the lower risk of self-reported diabetes. Conclusions: The list of districts and states with alarming diabetes prevalence is the valuable information for further programs and research. A significant population with undiagnosed diabetes reflects an urgent need to strengthen the diagnostics at the local level and for those who need them most.

scholarly journals Identifying the Most Common CrossFit Injuries in a Variety of Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117957271989706
Author(s):  
Kirill Alekseyev ◽  
Alex John ◽  
Andrew Malek ◽  
Malcolm Lakdawala ◽  
Nikhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: CrossFit is an increasingly popular, rapidly growing exercise regimen. Few studies have evaluated CrossFit-associated musculoskeletal injuries on a large scale. This study explores such injuries and associated risk factors in detail. Objective: To identify the most common musculoskeletal injuries endured during CrossFit training among athletes at different levels of expertise. Design: Survey-based retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Distribution at CrossFit gyms in the United States and internationally. Also published on active online forums. Participants: A total of 885 former and current CrossFit athletes. Methods: Institutional review board-approved 33-question Web-based survey focused on CrossFit injuries and associated risk factors. Survey submissions were accepted for a period of 6 months. Main outcome measurements: Specific injuries with associated workouts, risk factors that affected injury including (1) basic demographics, (2) regional differences in reported injuries, (3) training intensity, and (4) expertise level at time of injury. Results: Of the 885 respondents, 295 (33.3%) were injured. The most common injuries involved the back (95/295, 32.2%) and shoulder (61/295, 20.7%). The most common exercises that caused injury were squats (65/295, 22.0%) and deadlifts (53/295, 18.0%). Advanced-level (64/295, 21.7%) athletes were more significantly injured than beginner-level (40/295, 13.6%) athletes. International participants were 2.2 times more likely than domestic US participants to suffer injury. Individuals with 3+ years of CrossFit experience were 3.3 times more likely to be injured than those with 2 or less years of experience. Participants who trained for 11+ h/week were significantly more likely to be injured than those who trained less than or equal to 10 h/week. Conclusions: As CrossFit becomes more popular, it is important to monitor the safety of its practitioners. Further studies are needed to explore how to lower this injury prevalence of 33.3%. Areas to focus on include factors that have caused the regional (international vs US states) differences, level of expertise/experience differences (advanced level vs intermediate and beginner levels), and stretching routine modifications.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in some parts of Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
D. Bitrus ◽  
R. Weka ◽  
R. Yakubu ◽  
I.N. Ogo ◽  
J. Kamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Livestock, pets and companion animals in developing nations are plagued with several infectious diseases some of them with zoonotic potentials. Echinococcosis which is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease is one of such diseases that affect domestic animals and man with serious health and economic impacts. A cross-sectional questionnaire and serological survey was conducted on human subjects from four Local Government Areas (LGA) of Plateau State, Nigeria, to determine knowledge, attitude and practice and their level of exposure to E. granulosus infection. Sera from 181 human subjects recruited for this study were screened for IgG antibodies to E. granulosus using a commercial ELISA kit. Overall, 6 out of the 181 (3.3%) tested sera were positive. Seropositivity was associated with subjects below 10 years (OR=5.6), study location (OR=1.8), and scavenging behaviour of dogs (OR= 1.5), but not with gender of dog owners (OR=0.7), dog ownership (OR=0.6), dog deworming practice (OR=0.3) or the use of slaughter facility and meat inspection (OR=0.6). Ignorance about the transmission cycle of E. granulosus coupled with unhygienic practices are the main risk factors for the perpetuation of the disease in the study-communities. Sensitization, awareness creation and advocacy for hygienic  practises among the communities are recommended, as a short term measure while large scale studies to determine the true prevalence and therisk factors of the disease will form the basis for possible future control measures. Keywords: Seroprevalence; Echinococcus granulosus; antibody; ELISA; human; Plateau State.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Equine Glanders in Selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Awais-Ur-Rehman Sial
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
The North ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Glanders is highly contagious and zoonotic bacterial disease of equines caused by Burkholderia mallei. Since many decades, glanders is endemic in eastern parts (Punjab) of Pakistan and has no information of disease in the north-western region (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – KPK). Therefore, present study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors in two draft equine populated districts (Charsada and Peshawar) of KPK. A total of 393 equine samples originating from different localities of study area were investigated for anti-B. mallei antibodies (glanders) using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ID Vet, Grabels France). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 3.1% (95% CI: 1.6-5.3) which remained insignificantly (χ2 0.421, P=0.516) between the two districts. In Charsada, prevalence estimates varied significantly (χ2 11.986, P=0.017) among 5 localities and found insignificant (χ2 1.287, P=0.732) in different sampling areas of Peshawar district. Donkeys were more seropositive (4.1%; 4/195) than horses (2.1%; 8/194) which did not differ statistically (χ2 1.397, P=0.237) and all mules were tested negative. Prevalence slight increased with age of animals (>10 years) and with poor body conditions. Donkeys were more test positive (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 0.61-6.94) than horses and similarly animals managed on communal feeding (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.23-14.5) and water troughs (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.21-13.04) had more chances of contracting glanders. Multivariable model indicated donkeys (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.0, 20.9) and equines above 10 years of age (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 0.7-13.3) were more likely to test positive for glanders. In conclusion, present study provides prevalence estimates of equine glanders in KPK regions, which appears to be an area of endemicity. Future large-scale investigations are seriously warranted in other equine populated districts before implementing an effective control plan for glanders

Antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolated from healthy Crioulo horses and associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 103779
Author(s):  
Sabrina Lopes Mota ◽  
Lays Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Marina Roth Vidaletti ◽  
Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Mario de Menezes Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

Prevalence and risk factors of tinea pedis in Georgian Defense Forces

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2019-001397
Author(s):  
Nana Kintsurashvili ◽  
O Kvlividze ◽  
G Galdava
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Military ◽  
Research Analysis

IntroductionTinea pedis is a widely spread infection among military personnel. The aim of the research was to determine the prevalence of tinea pedis and its associated risk factors in Georgian Defense Forces.MethodsA cross-sectional study including interviews and clinical and laboratory examination was performed among randomly selected Georgian soldiers and civilians, after getting the signed consent form from them. In the selected population with clinical evidence of tinea pedis, scrapings were taken for direct microscopic examination. Statistical Package for Social Sciences V.22.0 was used for ststistical analysis.ResultsOut of 729 soldiers, tinea pedis was clinically observed in 46.64% (n=340) and laboratory-confirmed in 25.24% (n=184) of cases, while out of 279 civilians, tinea pedis was found in 21.86% (n=61) and approved in 13.98%(n=39). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tinea pedis is correlated with the age and military ranks but is not associated with the length of military service. Using a communal shower (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07) and having tinea pedis before military service (OR=3.27, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.96) increase the chances of tinea pedis development, though using two or more pairs of the military boots interchangeably decreases the spread of disease (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.29).ConclusionsAccording to our research analysis, the prevalence of tinea pedis among Georgian militaries is significantly higher than that in the civilians. It is necessary to develop a large-scale strategy and to implement appropriate preventive measures to minimise the discomfort caused by this disease.

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