Geographical origin traceability of traditional Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. by using multi-way fluorescence fingerprint and chemometric methods

Context With the increasing use of velvet antlers (VA) as functional food or traditional Chinese medicine, the quality control has become more and more important. Aims Establish an effective method to provide a way of distinguishing VA from other types of deer tissue. Methods In the present study, 18 samples from three types of deer tissue were analysed on the basis of high-performance liquid chromatography, and a chromatogram of each sample was obtained. Then, these chromatograms were processed using the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicine, to give the fingerprints of three deer tissues. The chemometric methods were used to analyse the fingerprint results, so as to identify the three types of deer tissue. Key results Shared peaks of VA, venison and deer bone were identified using similarity evaluation system. The results showed that, in total, 19 peaks were identified among these three types of deer tissue. Compared with venison, VA lacked three peaks (Numbers 3, 4 and 17); compared with deer bone, VA had six extra peaks (Numbers 2, 5, 8, 9, 14 and 19). The results of chemometric methods showed that different tissue samples could be classified into three categories by using both cluster analysis and principal component analysis. After principal component analysis and partial least-square discrimination analysis, seven peaks were selected, which had significant influence on the classification of VA, venison and deer bone. Conclusions The high-performance liquid-chromatography fingerprints in combination with chemometric methods can be used to effectively distinguish three deer tissue types, namely, VA, venison and deer bone. Implications We believe the method offers a useful tool much needed in the current Chinese velvet market.

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Ethnobotanical Survey on Skin Whitening Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Taiwan

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.736370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chien-Yu Ko ◽

Jung Chao ◽

Pei-Yu Chen ◽

Shan-Yu Su ◽

Tomoji Maeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Confidence Score ◽

Paeonia Lactiflora ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Bletilla Striata ◽

Skin Whitening ◽

Atractylodes Macrocephala

The increasing interest and demand for skin whitening products globally, particularly in Asia, have necessitated rapid advances in research on skin whitening products used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Herein, we investigated 74 skin whitening prescriptions sold in TCM pharmacies in Taiwan. Commonly used medicinal materials were defined as those with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) > 0.2 and their characteristics were evaluated. Correlation analysis of commonly used medicinal materials was carried out to identify the core component of the medicinal materials. Of the purchased 74 skin whitening prescriptions, 36 were oral prescriptions, 37 were external prescriptions, and one prescription could be used as an oral or external prescription. After analysis, 90 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were obtained. The Apiaceae (10%; 13%) and Leguminosae (9%; 11%) were the main sources of oral and external medicinal materials, respectively. Oral skin whitening prescriptions were found to be mostly warm (46%) and sweet (53%), while external skin whitening prescriptions included cold (43%) and bitter (29%) medicinal materials. Additionally, mainly tonifying and replenishing effects of the materials were noted. Pharmacological analysis indicated that these medicinal materials may promote wound healing, treat inflammatory skin diseases, or anti-hyperpigmentation. According to the Spearman correlation analysis on interactions among medicinal materials with an RFC > 0.2 in the oral skin whitening prescriptions, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (white) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. showed the highest correlation (confidence score = 0.93), followed by Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (red) and Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (confidence score = 0.91). Seven medicinal materials in external skin whitening prescriptions with an RFC > 0.2, were classified as Taiwan qī bái sàn (an herbal preparation), including Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Franch. & Sav., Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns, Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (white), and Bombyx mori Linnaeus. Skin whitening prescriptions included multiple traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Despite the long history of use, there is a lack of studies concerning skin whitening products, possibly due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of these traditional Chinese medicinal materials for inclusion in effective, safe, and functional pharmacological products.

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The Progress of Metabolomics Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x15500731 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (07) ◽

pp. 1281-1310 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Pengcheng Wang ◽

Qiuhong Wang ◽

Bingyou Yang ◽

Shan Zhao ◽

Haixue Kuang

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

International Standards ◽

Efficacy Evaluation ◽

Holistic View ◽

Medicine Research ◽

Metabolomics Study ◽

Atractylodes Macrocephala

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played important roles in health protection and disease treatment for thousands of years in China and has gained the gradual acceptance of the international community. However, many intricate issues, which cannot be explained by traditional methods, still remain, thus, new ideas and technologies are needed. As an emerging system biology technology, the holistic view adopted by metabolomics is similar to that of TCM, which allows us to investigate TCM with complicated conditions and multiple factors in depth. In this paper, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the methodology progression of metabolomics, as well as its applications, in different fields of TCM studies including quality control, processing, safety and efficacy evaluation. The herbs investigated by metabolomics were selected for detailed examination, including Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Atractylodes macrocephala Kidd, Pinellia ternate, etc.; furthermore, some valuable results have been obtained and summarized. In conclusion, although the study of metabolomics is at the early phase and requires further scrutiny and validation, it still provides bright prospects to dissect the synergistic action of multiple components from TCM. Overall, with the further development of analytical techniques, especially multi-analysis techniques, we expect that metabolomics will greatly promote TCM research and the establishment of international standards, which is beneficial to TCM modernization.

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Discrimination of type 2 diabetes mellitus corresponding to different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes based on plasma fatty acid profiles and chemometric methods

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 463-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Wenjuan Xu ◽

Liangxiao Zhang ◽

Yuhong Huang ◽

Qianxu Yang ◽

Hongbin Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Plasma Fatty Acid ◽

Chemometric Methods ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles

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Dose Correlation of Panax ginseng and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Drug Pairs in the Chinese Medicine Prescription Based on the Copula Function

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9933254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Wei Lin ◽

Mingyue Zheng ◽

Yunhui Chen ◽

Qian He ◽

Adeel Khoja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Panax Ginseng ◽

Empirical Distribution ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Copula Function ◽

Drug Pair ◽

Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz ◽

T Copula ◽

Atractylodes Macrocephala

Objective. Panax ginseng and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AMK) are widely used in treating various diseases; however, research is insufficient on measuring the relationship that exists by combining this drug pair using the copula function. Methods. In this study, 279 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing the Panax ginseng and AMK drug pair were extracted from the prescription database for three types of screened indications, namely, diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, and insomnia. Following the principle of dose conversion, each dynasty unit was uniformly converted into a modern unit. Then, the kernel density distribution of Panax ginseng and AMK was fitted with their empirical distribution functions. Finally, the optimal copula function was selected from the copula function family as a t-copula function. Results. The empirical distribution and probability density functions of Panax ginseng and AMK were obtained. From the results, their Kendall rank correlation coefficients with indications of diabetes mellitus, insomnia, and diarrhea were 0.8689, 0.7858, and 0.7403, whereas their Spearman rank correlation coefficients were 0.9563, 0.9276, and 0.8958. Results also indicated that the use of the t-copula function can better reflect the correlation between Panax ginseng and AMK doses. Conclusion. From the three indications, the dose between Panax ginseng and AMK was positively correlated. This study, therefore, confirms the medicinal principle of Chinese medicine “combining” from the perspective of mathematical statistics. Results from this study are practical to evaluate the correlation between the drug pair doses, Panax ginseng and AMK, using the copula function model, which provides a new model for the scientific explanation of compatibility for Chinese medicines. This study also provides a methodological basis for more drug measurement studies and clinical medications.

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