scholarly journals Biological control: an effective approach against nematodes using black pepper plants (Piper nigrum L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Saad ◽  
Heba M. Salem ◽  
Amira M. El-Tahan ◽  
Mohamed T. El-Saadony ◽  
Saqer S. Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plants

Biological control methods in Piper nigrum Linn. leaves infected with galls caused by Liothrips karneyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 696-698
Author(s):  
Asha Renjith ◽  
Payal Lodha
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Piper nigrum Linn. (Black pepper)  belongs to the family Piperaceae and an economically and medicinally important spice and is a native of Southern India. Leaf marginal gall is transmitted by Liothrips karnyi belonging to family Phlaeothripidae of order Thysanoptera (Thrips). Insect induced galls arise due to growth reaction of plants due to the attack of cecidozoa, also known as zoocecidia. The growth and development of the host plant alter due to the infestation of the insect, which involves certain complex phenomena. The different groups of cecidozoa influence the plants in such a way as to produce galls at different stages in their life history. Most of the cecidozoa cause galls only in their developmental stages, but some of them are capable of inducing galls both in larval as well as adult stages. The crop production in India has been adversely affected due to the infestation of pests. And it is necessary to use different approaches of disease management to curb the infestation, and significant researchers have shown progress to protect the crops in an eco-friendly manner. Piperine exhibits diverse pharmacological activities like antihypertensive, antiplatelets, antioxidant, antitumor, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-reproductive, insecticidal activities. In the present investigation, the biological method of disease management of marginal leaf gall transmitted by Liothrips karnyi has been undertaken. The biological control of leaf diseases has been significant on the increased reflection of environmental problems over pesticide uses.

scholarly journals PENYEBAB DAN SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT KERITING PADA TANAMAN LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
RODIAH BALFAS ◽  
SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽  
T. L. MARDININGSIH ◽  
ENDANG SUGANDI
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Toxoptera Aurantii ◽  
Pepper Plants

The cause of stunting disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia has not yet been confirmed cither due o a virus or mycoplaam. However, similar disease found on black pepper plants in the Southeast Asia is caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) which is transmitted by Planococcus citri. This expeiments was aimed o examine the cause of the stunting disease and its insect vectors. The expeiment were conducted from October 1998 to May 2001. Diseased vegetative materials of black pepper plants showing stunting disease were collected from Sukamulya, Sukabumi. The potential insect vectors were collected from black pepper plants in Bogor, IP Sukamulya (Sukabumi), Lampung and Bangka. The insects were fed on the diseased plants obtained from Lampung, Bogor and IP Sukamulya, then transferred o the healthy plants. The healthy plants were produced rom true seeds and cutings oiginated rom Bogor and IP Sukamulya. The tested plants were incubated at the green house and examined for disease development. Diseased leaf samples collected rom black pepper plant rom IP. Sukamulya and the transmitted plants were sent to the University of Minnesota, USA for Ihe virus (PYMV) by using ISEM (immunosorbent electron microscope). The result snowed that the leaves samples rom IP. Sukamulya were infected by PYMV. The morphology and size of the virus were similar to those caused stunting disease in the South East Asia. Potential insects vectors found on the diseased black <br /><br />pepper plants were two mealybugs, P. minor and Ferrisia virgata (Hemiptera; Coccoidca: PaaidbcoccidaeX aa well as an aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). The first tial on disease transmission by using P. minor, previously reared on the potato tubers, showed one out of ten tested plants produced disease sympom. The subsequent trial using P minor, bred on healthy black pepper seedlings, showed thee out often tested plants developed disease symptoms. None of the aphid transmitted plants developed Ihe disease. This study confirmed thai PYMV b the cause of stunting disease on black pepper in IP Sukamulya and Lampung and P. minor as the insect vecor of the disease.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad TAUFIK ◽  
Andi KHAERUNI ◽  
Abdul WAHAB ◽  
. AMIRUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Pepper Plants

AbstractYellow disease is a complex disease caused byFusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., and nematodes. Infectedplants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting,causing significant losses for the growers. Various controlmethods were examined including the use of bioconrolagents and cover crop Arachis pintoi. The researchobjective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agentsand A. pintoi to improve pepper growth and reduce yellowdisease incidence on pepper plants in the field. Researchresults showed that the treatment of biocontrol andA. pintoi promoted vegetative growth of pepper plants, andincreased pepper height for up to more five times, andreduced yellow disease incidence to 30%AbstrakPenyakit kuning merupakan penyakit kompleks yangdisebabkan oleh Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp. dannematoda parasit. Tanaman sakit mengalami kematianyang cepat dan kebun yang telah terinfeksi sulit untukditanami kembali, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yangnyata terhadap petani. Berbagai cara pengendalian telahdiuji termasuk penggunaan agens hayati Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Trichoderma sp. dantanaman Arachis pintoi. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui kemampuan agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoidalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangikejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada di lapang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agenshayati dan A. pintoi meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah dauntanaman lada lebih dari lima kali serta mempercepatmunculnya sulur dibandingkan dengan kontrol danfungisida. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasidengan A. pintoi menekan kejadian penyakit kuning hampir30%.

scholarly journals Effect of fungal filtrates on germination of wheat grains and the biological control of these fungi using black pepper extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Fuzia Elfituri Muftah Eltariki ◽  
Abdulmajeed Bashir Melitan ◽  
Seok Mui Wang ◽  
Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Wheat is one of the world's most abundant and essential food crops. It covers a significant area of the earth's surface, higher than any other plant, and tends to be among the top strategic crops. Wheat contamination with fungi leads to rapid deterioration of quantity and quality of wheat products. Many of those fungi are potential mycotoxins producers. This study aimed to isolate and identify fungi that contaminating the wheat grains from the Misurata Agricultural Research Center area and the South Region of Libya. Fungi contaminating wheat grains were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and identified by culture characteristics and microscopically. Fungal filtrates of two fungal isolates, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp., were tested for their effects on the germination and seedlings of wheat grains. Furthermore, the effect of acetonic extracts of Black pepper (Piper nigrum) on the growth of the isolated fungi was also investigated. Ten types of fungi belonging to four genera were isolated and identified. The germination rate of wheat grains irrigated with the filtrate of A. niger and Rhizopus sp. was 20% and 80% respectively, compared with 100% of the control grains, which were irrigated with water. The culture filtrates of both A. niger and Rhizopus sp. affect not the only percentage of grains germination but also the morphology of wheat seedlings. It adversely affected the length of the radicles and coleoptiles. The acetone extract of P. nigrum showed inhibitory effect (85.7% ± 3.7 and 44.0% ± 3.1) on the germination of A. niger and Rhizopus sp. respectively. This study concludes that fungal secretions have pathogenic effects on plant growth, which can lead to potential health risks for the human population. Biological control such as Piper nigrum extracts can be an alternative to chemical pesticides for controlling fungal pathogens and their secretions.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of photosynthesis in black pepper plants under different shade levels promoted by intercropping with rubber trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Góes Oliveira ◽  
Gleison Oliosi ◽  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
José Cochicho Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Plants of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) may display changes in their photosynthetic activity as a result of environmental seasonal changes. Intercropping with tree species may represent an alternative to mitigate the impacts of climatic changes on crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological responses of photosynthesis in black pepper plants under different shade levels promoted by intercropping with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. The photosynthetic performance in black pepper along the day was evaluated under full sun and five shade levels. The resulted showed that variations positives in leaf gas exchanges were not exclusively dependent on the shade promoted by the distance in relation with the line of rubber trees in the field, but also fluctuate depending on the period of the day, the orientation (Northern or Southern), relating the line of trees and the season of the year. This study showed that shaded intercropped plants displayed some advantage in a few cases (black pepper plants located at 2 m, and 5 m between rubber trees, southern side) as regards the photosynthetic rate at midday and afternoon, and especially in summer, when compared to pepper plants cultivated in full sunlight condition, That would be likely related to the to the maintenance of somewhat lower temperature and higher relative humidity in the atmosphere close to the black pepper plant implying some advantage for such consortium system to mitigate the possible effects of future climate changes, like warming.

scholarly journals Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad TAUFIK ◽  
Andi KHAERUNI ◽  
Abdul WAHAB ◽  
. AMIRUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Pepper Plants

AbstractYellow disease is a complex disease caused byFusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., and nematodes. Infectedplants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting,causing significant losses for the growers. Various controlmethods were examined including the use of bioconrolagents and cover crop Arachis pintoi. The researchobjective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agentsand A. pintoi to improve pepper growth and reduce yellowdisease incidence on pepper plants in the field. Researchresults showed that the treatment of biocontrol andA. pintoi promoted vegetative growth of pepper plants, andincreased pepper height for up to more five times, andreduced yellow disease incidence to 30%AbstrakPenyakit kuning merupakan penyakit kompleks yangdisebabkan oleh Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp. dannematoda parasit. Tanaman sakit mengalami kematianyang cepat dan kebun yang telah terinfeksi sulit untukditanami kembali, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yangnyata terhadap petani. Berbagai cara pengendalian telahdiuji termasuk penggunaan agens hayati Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Trichoderma sp. dantanaman Arachis pintoi. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui kemampuan agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoidalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangikejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada di lapang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agenshayati dan A. pintoi meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah dauntanaman lada lebih dari lima kali serta mempercepatmunculnya sulur dibandingkan dengan kontrol danfungisida. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasidengan A. pintoi menekan kejadian penyakit kuning hampir30%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan Application against Plant Growth and Intensity of Stunting Disease on Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Emerensiana Uge ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Susamto Somowiyarjo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pepper Plants

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is  an important estate crops in Indonesia. Some pathogens that have been known to infect black pepper plants include fungi, nematodes and viruses. The stunting disease on black pepper plants was caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Molecular detection using RT-PCR method showed that the samples were positively infected by CMV which were amplified by specific primers CMV 111 with bands of 111 bp in size. This virus can be carried by vegetative propagation material of plants. Many control strategies against this virus have been investigated, especially inducing plant resistance with chitosan. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that play an important role in reducing disease incidence and severity and stimulate plant growth. The aim of this study was to figure out the inhibiting  ability of chitosan solution against infection of stunting virus on black pepper seedlings through spraying applications. Chitosan treatments were prepared in concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. The result showed that application of chitosan at all concentrations affected the decrease of disease incidence and intensity and improved plant growth with insignificant different amongst all treatments but significantly different with control. The highest decrease in incidence was found at 0.75% of chitosan concentration (26.37), while the highest decrease of intensity was expressed at 1% of chitosan (37.62). Application of chitosan also significantly affected to all parameters of plant growth either plant height or leaf diameter. Application of 1% of chitosan increased the percentage of plant growth rather than other treatments, with the increase of plant height 58.12 % and leaf diameter 54.74 %. IntisariLada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan penting di Indonesia. Beberapa patogen telah diketahui menginfeksi tanaman lada di antaranya jamur, nematoda, dan virus. Penyakit kerdil pada tanaman lada disebabkan oleh Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Deteksi molekuler menggunakan metode RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa sampel positif terinfeksi CMV yang diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik CMV 111 dengan ukuran pita band target 111 bp. Virus ini dapat terbawa bahan perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif. Banyak strategi pengendalian virus yang telah diuji, diantaranya induksi ketahanan tanaman dengan kitosan. Kitosan adalah biopolimer alami yang berperan dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan penghambatan dari larutan kitosan terhadap infeksi dari virus kerdil pada bibit lada dengan aplikasi penyemprotan. Konsentrasi kitosan yang digunakan adalah 0,5%; 0,75%; dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa apliksi kitosan pada semua konsentrasi berpengaruh dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dengan tidak berbeda nyata di antara perlakuan tetapi berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penurunan nilai insidensi tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 0,75% (26,37), sedangkan penurunan nilai intensitas tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 1% (37,62). Aplikasi kitosan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan tanaman baik tinggi tanaman maupun diameter daun. Pada aplikasi kitosan 1% meningkatkan persentase tinggi tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya,yakni tinggi tanaman sebesar 58,12 % dan diameter daun sebesar 54,74 %.

scholarly journals Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigih Ibnu Prayoga ◽  
Ropalia Ropalia ◽  
Sitti Nurul Aini ◽  
Eries Dyah Mustikarini ◽  
Yuniar Rosalin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract. Prayoga GP, Aini SN, Mustikarini, ED, Rosalin Y. 2020. Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 652-660. Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province continued to decrease in 2014-2017. Efforts to increase black pepper production was carried out by providing superior varieties that began with an increase in the genetic diversity of black pepper plants. Increasing the genetic diversity of black pepper can be done through black pepper germplasm exploration activities followed by characterization. The research aimed to obtain the agro-morphological characteristics of black pepper plants in Bangka island. Exploration was carried out by survey method in four regencies in Bangka Island. The research method used a survey method with convenience sampling technique. Observation of agro-morphological characters was carried out in accordance with the descriptor for black pepper from IPGRI (1995). The results of exploration of black pepper plants in Bangka Island have found 9 accessions of black pepper plants, consisting of 5 cultivars were Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL), Lampung Daun Kecil (LDK), Chunuk, and Jambi and 4 landraces namely Bogor, Peremis, Keriwil, and Merapin Daun Kecil (MDK). There were morphological differences in 9 accessions of black pepper plants, namely leaf lamina shape, leaf vein, leaf margin, lateral branch habit, leaf base shape, ripe fruit color, hanging vines, ground vines, and stem shape. Agro-morphological relationship of 9 accessions of black pepper plants can be divided into 5 clusters at a 50% similarity level. Based on this study, black pepper breeding program on Bangka Island could be done accessions of Peremis, Bogor, Nyelungkup, and Jambi as genetic sources. Furthermore, selection would be better to use length of petiole, length of stem segment, fruit size, percentage of perfect fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, and the weight of 1000 dried seeds as the selection criteria.

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