scholarly journals Physiological responses of photosynthesis in black pepper plants under different shade levels promoted by intercropping with rubber trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Góes Oliveira ◽  
Gleison Oliosi ◽  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
José Cochicho Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Plants of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) may display changes in their photosynthetic activity as a result of environmental seasonal changes. Intercropping with tree species may represent an alternative to mitigate the impacts of climatic changes on crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological responses of photosynthesis in black pepper plants under different shade levels promoted by intercropping with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. The photosynthetic performance in black pepper along the day was evaluated under full sun and five shade levels. The resulted showed that variations positives in leaf gas exchanges were not exclusively dependent on the shade promoted by the distance in relation with the line of rubber trees in the field, but also fluctuate depending on the period of the day, the orientation (Northern or Southern), relating the line of trees and the season of the year. This study showed that shaded intercropped plants displayed some advantage in a few cases (black pepper plants located at 2 m, and 5 m between rubber trees, southern side) as regards the photosynthetic rate at midday and afternoon, and especially in summer, when compared to pepper plants cultivated in full sunlight condition, That would be likely related to the to the maintenance of somewhat lower temperature and higher relative humidity in the atmosphere close to the black pepper plant implying some advantage for such consortium system to mitigate the possible effects of future climate changes, like warming.

scholarly journals PENYEBAB DAN SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT KERITING PADA TANAMAN LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
RODIAH BALFAS ◽  
SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽  
T. L. MARDININGSIH ◽  
ENDANG SUGANDI
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Toxoptera Aurantii ◽  
Pepper Plants

The cause of stunting disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia has not yet been confirmed cither due o a virus or mycoplaam. However, similar disease found on black pepper plants in the Southeast Asia is caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) which is transmitted by Planococcus citri. This expeiments was aimed o examine the cause of the stunting disease and its insect vectors. The expeiment were conducted from October 1998 to May 2001. Diseased vegetative materials of black pepper plants showing stunting disease were collected from Sukamulya, Sukabumi. The potential insect vectors were collected from black pepper plants in Bogor, IP Sukamulya (Sukabumi), Lampung and Bangka. The insects were fed on the diseased plants obtained from Lampung, Bogor and IP Sukamulya, then transferred o the healthy plants. The healthy plants were produced rom true seeds and cutings oiginated rom Bogor and IP Sukamulya. The tested plants were incubated at the green house and examined for disease development. Diseased leaf samples collected rom black pepper plant rom IP. Sukamulya and the transmitted plants were sent to the University of Minnesota, USA for Ihe virus (PYMV) by using ISEM (immunosorbent electron microscope). The result snowed that the leaves samples rom IP. Sukamulya were infected by PYMV. The morphology and size of the virus were similar to those caused stunting disease in the South East Asia. Potential insects vectors found on the diseased black <br /><br />pepper plants were two mealybugs, P. minor and Ferrisia virgata (Hemiptera; Coccoidca: PaaidbcoccidaeX aa well as an aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). The first tial on disease transmission by using P. minor, previously reared on the potato tubers, showed one out of ten tested plants produced disease sympom. The subsequent trial using P minor, bred on healthy black pepper seedlings, showed thee out often tested plants developed disease symptoms. None of the aphid transmitted plants developed Ihe disease. This study confirmed thai PYMV b the cause of stunting disease on black pepper in IP Sukamulya and Lampung and P. minor as the insect vecor of the disease.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigih Ibnu Prayoga ◽  
Ropalia Ropalia ◽  
Sitti Nurul Aini ◽  
Eries Dyah Mustikarini ◽  
Yuniar Rosalin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract. Prayoga GP, Aini SN, Mustikarini, ED, Rosalin Y. 2020. Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 652-660. Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province continued to decrease in 2014-2017. Efforts to increase black pepper production was carried out by providing superior varieties that began with an increase in the genetic diversity of black pepper plants. Increasing the genetic diversity of black pepper can be done through black pepper germplasm exploration activities followed by characterization. The research aimed to obtain the agro-morphological characteristics of black pepper plants in Bangka island. Exploration was carried out by survey method in four regencies in Bangka Island. The research method used a survey method with convenience sampling technique. Observation of agro-morphological characters was carried out in accordance with the descriptor for black pepper from IPGRI (1995). The results of exploration of black pepper plants in Bangka Island have found 9 accessions of black pepper plants, consisting of 5 cultivars were Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL), Lampung Daun Kecil (LDK), Chunuk, and Jambi and 4 landraces namely Bogor, Peremis, Keriwil, and Merapin Daun Kecil (MDK). There were morphological differences in 9 accessions of black pepper plants, namely leaf lamina shape, leaf vein, leaf margin, lateral branch habit, leaf base shape, ripe fruit color, hanging vines, ground vines, and stem shape. Agro-morphological relationship of 9 accessions of black pepper plants can be divided into 5 clusters at a 50% similarity level. Based on this study, black pepper breeding program on Bangka Island could be done accessions of Peremis, Bogor, Nyelungkup, and Jambi as genetic sources. Furthermore, selection would be better to use length of petiole, length of stem segment, fruit size, percentage of perfect fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, and the weight of 1000 dried seeds as the selection criteria.

scholarly journals Aphrodisiac Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from the Fruits of Three Pepper Plants from Piperaceae Family

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Idha Kusumawati ◽  
Syailendra Mahatmaputra ◽  
Rohman Hadi ◽  
Rohmania Rohmania ◽  
Subhan Rullyansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Piper Retrofractum ◽  
Pepper Plants

Background: Pepper plants belong to the Piperaceae family with many pharmacological activities. The fruits of these plants have been widely used traditionally for various therapies, one of which is an aphrodisiac. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the aphrodisiac activity of the fruits of three pepper plants, Piper nigrum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper cubeba to prove their traditional use. Methods: The level of piperin, the active compound of plants from the family Piperaceae, was also determined in the ethanolic extract of those three fruits of the pepper plant. The aphrodisiac activity was determined by counting the number of introducing and mounting mice. The acute toxicity test of the extract was carried out according to the OECD-423 guidelines. Results: The ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits had the highest piperin concentration, while the ethanolic extract of Piper retrofractum fruits had the highest aphrodisiac activity, according to the findings. During the entire duration of the acute toxicity study, no signs of toxicity or mortality were discovered.Conclusion: This study proves that all fruits of three species of pepper plants exhibit aphrodisiac activity. Furthermore, this study also shows that not only piperin is responsible for the aphrodisiac effect.

scholarly journals Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad TAUFIK ◽  
Andi KHAERUNI ◽  
Abdul WAHAB ◽  
. AMIRUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Pepper Plants

AbstractYellow disease is a complex disease caused byFusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., and nematodes. Infectedplants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting,causing significant losses for the growers. Various controlmethods were examined including the use of bioconrolagents and cover crop Arachis pintoi. The researchobjective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agentsand A. pintoi to improve pepper growth and reduce yellowdisease incidence on pepper plants in the field. Researchresults showed that the treatment of biocontrol andA. pintoi promoted vegetative growth of pepper plants, andincreased pepper height for up to more five times, andreduced yellow disease incidence to 30%AbstrakPenyakit kuning merupakan penyakit kompleks yangdisebabkan oleh Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp. dannematoda parasit. Tanaman sakit mengalami kematianyang cepat dan kebun yang telah terinfeksi sulit untukditanami kembali, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yangnyata terhadap petani. Berbagai cara pengendalian telahdiuji termasuk penggunaan agens hayati Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Trichoderma sp. dantanaman Arachis pintoi. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui kemampuan agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoidalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangikejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada di lapang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agenshayati dan A. pintoi meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah dauntanaman lada lebih dari lima kali serta mempercepatmunculnya sulur dibandingkan dengan kontrol danfungisida. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasidengan A. pintoi menekan kejadian penyakit kuning hampir30%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ammonium Nitrate Ratio and Support Types on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Field Conditions

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Issukindarsyah Issukindarsyah ◽  
◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
DidikIndradewa Indradewa ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Uptake

The study’s objective was to determine the effect of the NO3-: NH4+ratio and types of support on NPK uptake and pepper plant growth in field conditions. The study used a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was the type of support, being the deadwood and living supports in the form of Gliricidia sp. and Ceiba pentandra. The second factor was the ratio of N fertilizer forms, which were 100% NO3-, 100% NH4+, 50% NO3-:50% NH4+, 75% NO3-:25% NH4+ and 25% NO3-:75% NH4+. The results have demonstrated that the uptake of N, P, and K, as well as the plant growth, were not affected by the interaction of the N fertilizer form ratio with the types of support. In field conditions, the black pepper prefers the N fertilizer in the form of 50% NO3-:50% NH4+. The pepper plants that were given N fertilizer in a combination of 50% NO3-:50% NH4+ have demonstrated an N, P, and K uptake, and morphology and plant dry weight were higher than the ratio of other forms of N fertilizers.

scholarly journals Producing Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’) Rootstock in a Deep-Water Culture Hydroponic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Jie Hung King ◽  
Babirye Khadijah ◽  
Kian Huat Ong
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Hoagland Solution

Stem cutting is the common planting material for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) farmers mainly because the method is cheap, easy to obtain, and produces satisfactory number of new plantlets, which are relatively genetically uniform to their parent. However, soil propagation of stem cuttings renders both the stem and developing roots susceptible to soil borne pathogens, ultimately compromising the quality of the plant. Good quality rootstock of the new plant promotes faster, safer, and better black pepper plant establishment. Hydroponic farming thus offers a good platform for producing quality rootstock of the new plants and has gained importance to many farmers due to its flexibility in manipulating plant growth conditions and timely pathogen management, thus safer, healthier, and faster growth. This study investigated the growing media suitable for rootstock growth of P. nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’ and compared the rooting ability between stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. In a laboratory setting, a total of 210 stem cuttings were hydroponically planted in seven nutrient compositions, with each nutrient composition containing an equal number of stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.005 mM potassium silicate solution (T4) and Hoagland solution supplemented with 2 mM salicylic acid solution (T6) showed faster root initiation whereas T1 (Hoagland solution only) produced the highest increment in root length followed by T6. The least suitable nutrient composition was T5 [T4 + 6 mL of 1 M Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution]. The total number of roots was highest in plants from stem cuttings which had some adventitious roots at the time of planting, whereas roots in plants from stem cuttings which did not have any root at the time of planting, increased in root length faster than plants withstem cuttings which had adventitious roots at the time of planting.

scholarly journals Growth and physiology of maize under water salinity and nitrogen fertilization in two soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis dos S. Braz ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Raimundo N. de Assis Júnior ◽  
Jorge F. da S. Ferreira ◽  
Adriana C. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges

ABSTRACT The nitrogen fertilization, in general, minimizes the effects of salinity on plants, but the mitigating action depends on plant species, cultivar, soil texture and plant age, among other factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and nitrogen fertilization on maize physiology and growth (Zea mays) in soils with different textures. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Fortaleza City, CE, Brazil, in PVC soil columns (100 x 20 cm). The design was completely randomized using the factorial 2 x 2 x 4, referring to two soils, an Ultisol and a Quartzipsamment, nitrogen doses of 105 and 210 kg ha-1, under irrigation with saline water of 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 dS m-1, with four repetitions. With the exception of stem diameter, salinity of water impaired plant growth and leaf gas exchanges. The Ultisol provided better growth and physiological responses compared to the Quartzipsamment. The nitrogen doses did not mitigate growth variables except root biomass. The gas exchanges increased with the highest nitrogen dose, without interaction with the salinity.

scholarly journals Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad TAUFIK ◽  
Andi KHAERUNI ◽  
Abdul WAHAB ◽  
. AMIRUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Pepper Plants

AbstractYellow disease is a complex disease caused byFusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., and nematodes. Infectedplants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting,causing significant losses for the growers. Various controlmethods were examined including the use of bioconrolagents and cover crop Arachis pintoi. The researchobjective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agentsand A. pintoi to improve pepper growth and reduce yellowdisease incidence on pepper plants in the field. Researchresults showed that the treatment of biocontrol andA. pintoi promoted vegetative growth of pepper plants, andincreased pepper height for up to more five times, andreduced yellow disease incidence to 30%AbstrakPenyakit kuning merupakan penyakit kompleks yangdisebabkan oleh Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp. dannematoda parasit. Tanaman sakit mengalami kematianyang cepat dan kebun yang telah terinfeksi sulit untukditanami kembali, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yangnyata terhadap petani. Berbagai cara pengendalian telahdiuji termasuk penggunaan agens hayati Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Trichoderma sp. dantanaman Arachis pintoi. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui kemampuan agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoidalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangikejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada di lapang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agenshayati dan A. pintoi meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah dauntanaman lada lebih dari lima kali serta mempercepatmunculnya sulur dibandingkan dengan kontrol danfungisida. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasidengan A. pintoi menekan kejadian penyakit kuning hampir30%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan Application against Plant Growth and Intensity of Stunting Disease on Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Emerensiana Uge ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Susamto Somowiyarjo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pepper Plants

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is  an important estate crops in Indonesia. Some pathogens that have been known to infect black pepper plants include fungi, nematodes and viruses. The stunting disease on black pepper plants was caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Molecular detection using RT-PCR method showed that the samples were positively infected by CMV which were amplified by specific primers CMV 111 with bands of 111 bp in size. This virus can be carried by vegetative propagation material of plants. Many control strategies against this virus have been investigated, especially inducing plant resistance with chitosan. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that play an important role in reducing disease incidence and severity and stimulate plant growth. The aim of this study was to figure out the inhibiting  ability of chitosan solution against infection of stunting virus on black pepper seedlings through spraying applications. Chitosan treatments were prepared in concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. The result showed that application of chitosan at all concentrations affected the decrease of disease incidence and intensity and improved plant growth with insignificant different amongst all treatments but significantly different with control. The highest decrease in incidence was found at 0.75% of chitosan concentration (26.37), while the highest decrease of intensity was expressed at 1% of chitosan (37.62). Application of chitosan also significantly affected to all parameters of plant growth either plant height or leaf diameter. Application of 1% of chitosan increased the percentage of plant growth rather than other treatments, with the increase of plant height 58.12 % and leaf diameter 54.74 %. IntisariLada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan penting di Indonesia. Beberapa patogen telah diketahui menginfeksi tanaman lada di antaranya jamur, nematoda, dan virus. Penyakit kerdil pada tanaman lada disebabkan oleh Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Deteksi molekuler menggunakan metode RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa sampel positif terinfeksi CMV yang diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik CMV 111 dengan ukuran pita band target 111 bp. Virus ini dapat terbawa bahan perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif. Banyak strategi pengendalian virus yang telah diuji, diantaranya induksi ketahanan tanaman dengan kitosan. Kitosan adalah biopolimer alami yang berperan dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan penghambatan dari larutan kitosan terhadap infeksi dari virus kerdil pada bibit lada dengan aplikasi penyemprotan. Konsentrasi kitosan yang digunakan adalah 0,5%; 0,75%; dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa apliksi kitosan pada semua konsentrasi berpengaruh dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dengan tidak berbeda nyata di antara perlakuan tetapi berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penurunan nilai insidensi tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 0,75% (26,37), sedangkan penurunan nilai intensitas tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 1% (37,62). Aplikasi kitosan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan tanaman baik tinggi tanaman maupun diameter daun. Pada aplikasi kitosan 1% meningkatkan persentase tinggi tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya,yakni tinggi tanaman sebesar 58,12 % dan diameter daun sebesar 54,74 %.

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