Evaluation of permanent deformation and resilient modulus of pavement base with different gradations and percentages of clay plasticiser

2021 ◽  
pp. 100679
Author(s):  
Ali Fouad ◽  
Rayya Hassan ◽  
Abdulrahman Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Pavement Base

scholarly journals Permanent Deformation and Rutting Resistance of Demolition Waste Triple Blends in Unbound Pavement Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Farshid Maghool ◽  
Muditha Senanayake ◽  
Arul Arulrajah ◽  
Suksun Horpibulsuk
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Pavement Base ◽  
Primary Focus

Virgin quarried materials are becoming increasingly scarce in our environment, and these materials are no longer a viable or economical solution for the construction industry. The construction industry is constantly seeking new markets for recycled waste in civil engineering applications. This research’s primary focus is the optimization of the usage of recycled materials such as recycled glass (RG), crushed brick (CB), and crushed concrete (CC), in pavement base/sub-base applications. Various percentages of RG, up to 40%, were blended with two types of CC in this research. The CC and CB, which were used as triple blends in this research, were utilized for the upper (100% CC) and lower sub-bases (up to 50% CB). This study sought to establish the maximum amount of RG that could be incorporated in the triple blends with CB and CC whilst maintaining an acceptable performance. Thus, a comprehensive series of fundamental and advanced geotechnical laboratory tests, including repeated load triaxial (RLT) and wheel-tracker (WT) tests, were performed to assess the engineering properties and permanent deformation characteristics of these triple blends. The particle-size distribution curve and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values of all the blends met the minimum requirements. Results of RLT tests confirmed that all the nominated blends were found to provide the resilient modulus value required to be used as pavement materials. The WT results on the triple blend with 15% RG showed that the specimen performed exceptionally well during the test and comfortably met the requirements to be used in pavement applications. Based on the engineering properties and permanent deformation results, up to 15% RG can be suggested for incorporation as an accompanying material in unbound roadwork applications. Subject to the outcomes of future field testing, there might be potential to increase the percentage of RG added in the blends up to 30%.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of WMA Containing Re-Refined Acidic Sludge and Amorphous Poly Alpha Olefin (APAO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Mansour Fakhri ◽  
Danial Arzjani ◽  
Pooyan Ayar ◽  
Maede Mottaghi ◽  
Nima Arzjani
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Alpha Olefin

The use of waste materials has been increasingly conceived as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in the road construction industry, as concerns have arisen from the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources in recent years. Re-refined acidic sludge (RAS) obtained from a waste material—acidic sludge—is an alternative source for bitumen. This study’s primary purpose is to evaluate the resistance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing RAS and a polymeric additive against moisture damage and rutting. The modified bitumen studied in this research is a mixture of virgin bitumen 60/70, RAS (10, 20, and 30%), and amorphous poly alpha olefin (APAO) polymer. To this end, Marshall test, moisture susceptibility tests (i.e., tensile strength ratio (TSR), residual Marshall, and Texas boiling water), resilient modulus, and rutting assessment tests (i.e., dynamic creep, Marshall quotient, and Kim) were carried out. The results showed superior values for modified mixtures compared to the control mix considering the Marshall test. Moreover, the probability of a reduction in mixes’ moisture damage was proved by moisture sensitivity tests. The results showed that modified mixtures could improve asphalt mixtures’ permanent deformation resistance and its resilience modulus. Asphalt mixtures containing 20% RAS (substitute for bitumen) showed a better performance in all the experiments among the samples tested.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXTURE CONTAINING CUP LUMP RUBBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfazira Mohd Azahar ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Hasanan Md. Nor ◽  
Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Public Work Department ◽  
Indirect Tensile

The use of cup lump rubber as an additive in asphalt binder has recently become the main interest of the paving industry. The innovation helps to increase the natural rubber consumption and stabilize the rubber price. This study evaluates the mechanical performance of cup lump rubber modified asphalt (CMA) mixture in terms of resilient modulus, dynamic creep and indirect tensile strength under aging conditions. The CMA mixture was prepared using dense-graded Marshall-designed mix and the observed behavior was compared with that of conventional mixture. From the results, both mixtures passed the volumetric properties as accordance to Malaysian Public Work Department (PWD) specification. The addition of cup lump rubber provides better resistance against permanent deformation through the enhanced properties of resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Furthermore, the resilient modulus of CMA mixture performed better under aging conditions.  

Mitigation of permanent deformation in base layer containing recycled asphalt aggregates

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Bilodeau ◽  
Guy Doré ◽  
Jonas Depatie
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Thickness Increase ◽  
Permanent Strain ◽  
Pavement Base

The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates as replacement for new materials in the pavement base weakens the layer in regards to the resistance to permanent deformation under repeated loading. A mechanistic based design procedure is proposed to ensure that base layers containing RAP particles have a similar rutting behaviour to base layers made of virgin aggregates. The design procedure allows calculating an asphalt concrete thickness increase that is based on permanent deformation behaviour of base materials. The calculation approach is based on multistage triaxial permanent deformation tests performed on granular material samples with varied RAP content. The tests allowed proposing an equation that relates permanent strain rate, RAP content, and deviatoric stress, which is the basis of the design procedure. Design charts are proposed to select adequate thickness increase for the asphalt concrete layer according to the expected RAP content in the base layer and asphalt concrete modulus.

Resilient Modulus and Permanent Deformation Responses of Geogrid-Reinforced Construction and Demolition Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
A. Arulrajah ◽  
J. Piratheepan ◽  
M. W. Bo ◽  
M. A. Imteaz
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation

scholarly journals Simplified Laboratory Assessment of Subgrade Performance Parameters for Mechanistic Design of Pavement Foundations

2005 ◽  
Vol 1913 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Frost ◽  
J. Paul Edwards ◽  
Paul R. Fleming ◽  
Stuart J. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Cyclic Triaxial ◽  
Analytical Design ◽  
Pavement Foundations

With the increasing agenda for sustainability, the United Kingdom is attempting to move away from the empirical design of pavement foundations to develop a performance specification approach that facilitates analytical design. The measurement of the subgrade performance parameters of resilient modulus and resistance to permanent deformation is required for analytical design. These parameters ideally should be assessed concurrently under loading and environmental conditions similar to those the materials will experience in the field. To date, measurement of these parameters is largely confined to research laboratories using cyclic triaxial testing with advanced on-sample strain measurement. This apparatus is considered too complicated for routine commercial use; hence, the implementation of laboratory performance evaluation for routine pavement foundation design is potentially limited. A previous program of cyclic triaxial testing on clay subgrades indicated a series of useful correlations between strength and permanent deformation behavior (via a threshold stress) and material resilient modulus at this threshold. The previous work is reviewed; with these correlations, data from tests performed on three different clay materials to develop simplified equipment and procedures for the routine measurement of the required design parameters are presented. Simple pseudostatic tests can measure a subgrade modulus for a simplified performance-based design. The previous data (in the light of the recent work) were reevaluated to show a boundary correlation that may allow a shear strength–based parameter to control (in design) the onset of permanent deformation, and the ways long-term subgrade water content changes can be accommodated are detailed.

Repeated compressive loading of a sand

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Gaskin ◽  
G. P. Raymond ◽  
F. Y. Addo-Abedi ◽  
J. S. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Stress ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Failure Strength ◽  
Stress Cycles ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
Static Failure

Twelve repeated load drained triaxial tests to at least 105 cycles on a sand are reported. A threshold stress of about 50% of the static failure strength was found. Below the threshold stress, the permanent deformation and resilient modulus reached constant values. Above the threshold stress, the permanent deformation began to increase rapidly and the resilient modulus to decrease as the number of stress cycles increased. The importance of keeping the traffic stress in the pavement below the threshold stress is outlined.

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