Maintaining the carbon–oxygen balance in residential areas: A method proposal for land use planning

Urban sprawl is a global phenomenon in the contemporary era. It is mostly taking place in the less developed countries due to natural increase and consistent movement of people into the mega cities and large urban centers. The phenomenon has globally gained attention from diverse researchers in the field of urban geography, environmental studies, city and region planning in view of its significant influence on the urban environment. However, the effect of sprawl on urban livability and economy in Nigerian cities is scarcely investigated especially in Northern Nigeria. This research explores the social and economic effects of urban sprawl in Kaduna metropolis. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Technologies were applied for the analysis. The study found that Kaduna metropolis has experienced a progressive increase in the built-up area; in 2006 it had an aerial coverage of 13,980 hectares, a rise of 107.91% from 2001 aerial coverage of 6724 hectares. In 2012, the city had an aerial coverage of 15,808 hectares, an increase of 13.08% from 2006. Conversely, there has been a remarkable decrease in percentage of vegetation (1,458 hectares) and agricultural (11,739 hectares) land areas. In turn, such changes has adversely affected urban facilities or utilities such as pipe-borne water, electricity, health facilities, schools, security, transportation, wastewater infrastructures and fire safety services, which has become overstressed. Economic crisis has manifested in the rise of unemployment and escalating number of urban poor. Residential land use has encroached into open spaces while commercial activities overrun residential areas. Increase in distance and journey time make travel cost unbearable to the common man. These and social fragmentation retard livability in the city. Thus calls for a balance sustainable development in Kaduna metropolis and effective management of urban growth by the Kaduna Capital Development Board Authority. In due course, smart growth policy, growth management, urban containment, effective land use planning and public facility adequacy have been recommended to foster viable urban growth in Kaduna city and elsewhere.

Download Full-text

Transit-Oriented Planning

Travel by Design ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195123951.003.0013 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Marlon Boarnet ◽

Randall C. Crane

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Area ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Transportation Policy ◽

Rail Transit ◽

Transit Oriented Development ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Commercial Development ◽

Regulatory Issues ◽

Land Use Policies

There has been a boom in American rail transit construction in the past two decades. That new investment has prompted the question of what planners can do to support rail transit. One popular answer has been transit-oriented development (TOD), increasingly described as a comprehensive strategy for rail-based land-use planning throughout an urban area. This is most clearly illustrated by Bernick and Cervero’s (1997) description of how such projects can link together to create “transit metropolises” where rail is a viable transportation option for many of the region’s residents. In addition, TOD provides an opportunity to examine the regulatory issues discussed in chapter 6, both because it is an explicit attempt to use urban design as transportation policy and because the intergovernmental issues are especially stark in relation to these developments. Having discussed how travelers behave in the first part of this book, we now ask what we know about how cities behave. Stated in general form, the question is rather broad. It concerns the process by which cities and other land-use authorities decide where to put streets, how to structure the local hierarchy of streets, when to develop more or less densely, how to position employment centers relative to residential areas, and so on. Still, the feasibility of land-use plans with transportation goals depends critically on how such authorities behave. Any discussion of the effectiveness of these strategies must address both how communities plan for transportation and how travelers respond to those plans. The primary transportation goal of TOD generally, as currently practiced, is to coordinate land-use policies to support rail transit. In particular, focusing both residential and commercial development near rail transit stations is aimed at increasing rail ridership (e.g., Bernick, 1990; Bernick and Hall, 1990; Calthorpe, 1993; Cervero, 1993; Bernick and Cervero, 1997). Some evidence suggests that residents near rail transit stations are two to five times more likely to commute by rail when compared with persons living elsewhere in the same urban area (Pushkarev and Zupan, 1977; Bernick and Carroll, 1991; Cervero, 1994d).

Download Full-text

Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran

GeoScape ◽

10.2478/geosc-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 104-119

Author(s):

Navid Forouhar ◽

Amir Forouhar ◽

Mahnoosh Hasankhani

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Commercial Development

Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.

Download Full-text

PENGEMBANGAN FUNGSI HUNIAN BERDASARKAN IDENTITAS LOKAL PADA AREA WATERFRONT DI PASAR LAMA TANGERANG

ATRIUM - Jurnal Arsitektur ◽

10.21460/atrium.v4i2.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 101-116

Author(s):

Louis Osvaldo Xavier ◽

Felia Srinaga ◽

Alvar Mensana

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Research Study ◽

Local Identity ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Literature Study ◽

Residential Design ◽

Residential Neighborhood ◽

Residential District ◽

Market Areas

Title: The Development of Residential District based on Local Identity on Waterfront Area at Pasar Lama Tangerang The waterfront edges along Cisadane river considered as one of the environmental assets in the area of Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) in the city of Tangerang. However, such valuable asset is neglected due to current urban planning issues specifically on the placement of residential district and land-use planning within Pasar Lama adjacent context. This might caused disintegration between the residential and the commercial areas as the objective of a city to create a sense of place– it’s also diminished the identity of Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) as a Chinatown on the banks of the Cisadane River. This research study aim to raise several questions, namely: what are the criteria for a proper residential neighborhood in the context of the waterfront area, what is the function of residential district that has its own particular identity and how does it suitable for the particular context of waterfront area in Pasar Lama (Old Town Market), and how does the concept of identity could be applied on the waterfront area, in the Tangerang’s Pasar Lama (Old Town Market). This research study based on data collected from literature studies, field observations and on-site interview. The literature study discuss the functions of identity for a residential district, waterfront area and Pasar Lama (Old Town Market). Field observation studies were carried out to examine the theory and analyze the function of residential neighborhood, building accessibility, supporting facilities for residential areas, and Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) identity. The results of this study are finding the residential functions in which aligned with the parameters on residential design in the waterfront area and the local identity of the Tangerang Pasar Lama (Old Town Market). It aims to make the Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) areas to create and establish the local identity reflecting tourism, commercial and residential neighborhood, in addition to the mixed-use development on the waterfront area around the banks of the Cisadane river. Lastly, this research study also attempt to re-configure the land- use planning as well as strategize on how to locate the residential district that supports the relationship to its adjacent commercial areas.

Download Full-text

Integrasi Kawasan Industri Millennium Kecamatan Tigaraksa Kabupaten Tangerang dengan Wilayah Sekitar Menuju Kota Industri

Desa-Kota ◽

10.20961/desa-kota.v2i1.31744.1-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Kokoh Widyastoro ◽

Paramita Rahayu ◽

Erma Fitria Rini

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Central Area ◽

Residential Areas ◽

High Concentration ◽

Industrial City ◽

Industrial Estates ◽

Industrial Estate

The Government of Tangerang Regency has a plan to develop an industrial city in Tangerang Regency. An industrial city is an integrated city that combines industrial estates, residential areas, and commercial areas with a high concentration of population activities. The development of industrial city has several elements that need to be integrated including the separation of industrial land use, land-use connectivity, accessibility, infrastructure and settlements in the surrounding industrial estate. The Millennium industrial estate is the largest industrial estate which develops in central area of Tangerang Regency. The purpose of this study is to what extent the Millennium industrial Estate is integrated with surrounding areas towards fulfilling the concept of industrial city. This research uses quantitative methods using descriptive analysis with Guttman Scale. The analyzes are performed on each sub-variable supported by space syntax analysis, GIS and VCR analysis to confirm the value into Guttman Scale. The results of the analysis showed that the Millennium industrial estate has been integrated in terms of land use planning, accessibility, availability of public green space, and industrial infrastructures. While the elements of availability of industrial separation zones, connectivity and location of settlements are still not integrated Based on the theory, issues and analysis, the results obtained that the integration of the Millennium industrial Estate with the surrounding areas has fulfilled 50% of requirements to develop an integrated industrial city.

Download Full-text

The Challenge of Social Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Land Use Changes for Sustainable Urban Planning—Case Studies: Developing Cities in Romania

Land ◽

10.3390/land11010017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Camelia Sabina Botezan ◽

Andrei Radovici ◽

Iulia Ajtai

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Case Studies ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Specific Vulnerability ◽

Agricultural Areas

Urban growth triggers massive changes in land use cover, exacerbating extreme natural and technological events. In order for land use planning to be efficient, it requires the integration of comprehensive risk and vulnerability assessment. This paper aims to create a bridge between the existing vulnerability theories and their implementation in land use planning policies and proposes an innovative approach to determine whether the changes in the territorial dynamics of cities draw considerable changes in communities’ social vulnerability. The methodology identifies and selects three case studies from the Urban Atlas inventory, representative of the dynamics of large Romanian cities, taking into consideration the following hazards: earthquakes, floods, and technological hazards. Vulnerability was then assessed by assigning each land use class a specific vulnerability level. The methodology involved assessing the level of vulnerability specific to the situation in 2018 compared to 2006. The results showed that major changes in land use are related to the transition of areas with a low level of vulnerability to areas with a higher level of vulnerability as a result of the urban areas expansion to the detriment of natural and agricultural areas. This is generally translated into a higher degree of vulnerability due to an increased density of artificial elements and of population in the residential areas. The findings of the study of territorial dynamics in the proximity of large industrial operators did not reveal a tendency that differed from the general trend. Although many territorial changes have been observed in the period 2006–2018, it is necessary to extend the analysis, with the issue of the new versions of the Urban Atlas, to confirm the identified trends and to express the up-to-date situation.

Download Full-text

Oil Drilling in the City

Southern California Quarterly ◽

10.1525/scq.2015.97.3.267 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 267-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah S. Elkind

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

World War Ii ◽

Local Control ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Residential Areas ◽

World War ◽

Oil Drilling ◽

Oil Development ◽

The City

Oil development in residential areas was first argued on the basis of conflicting property rights. Later, environmental concerns focused the issue on community interests. World War II brought the issue of local control of land-use planning to the fore.

Download Full-text

MODEL OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE CHANGES IMPACT ON WATER SECURITY IN AMBON CITY, INDONESIA

Geoplanning Journal of Geomatics and Planning ◽

10.14710/geoplanning.4.1.97-108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roland Alexander Barkey ◽

Muh Faisal Mappiasse ◽

Munajat Nursaputra

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Water Availability ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Water Security ◽

Forest Area ◽

Residential Areas ◽

The Impact

Ambon City is the center of national activities in Maluku province, established under Presidential Decree 77 issued in 2014 about spatial planning of Maluku Islands. Ambon is a strategic region in terms of development in agriculture and fisheries sectors. Development of the region caused this area to be extremely vulnerable to the issues on water security. Seven watersheds which are Air Manis, Hutumury, Passo, Tulehu, Wae Batu Merah, Wae Lela and Wae Sikula affect the water system in Ambon City. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of climate and land use change on water availability in seven watersheds in Ambon City. The analysis was performed using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model in order to analyze climate changes on the period of 1987-1996 (past), of 2004-2013 (present) and climate projection on the period 2035s (future) and equally to analyze land use data in 1996 and 2014. The results of the research indicated that land use in the study area has changed since 1996 to 2014. Forest area decreased around 32.45%, while residential areas and agriculture land increased 56.01% and 19.80%, respectively. The results of SWAT model presented the water availability amount to 1127.01 million m3/year on the period of 1987-1996. During the period of 2004-2013, it has been reduced to 1,076.55 million m3/year (around 4.48% decrease). The results of the prediction of future water availability in the period of 2035s estimated a decrease of water availability around 4.69% (1,026.09 million m3/year). Land use and climate change have greatly contributed to the water availability in seven watersheds of Ambon City. Ambon City is in need of land use planning especially the application of spatial plan. The maintenance of forest area is indispensable. In built-up areas, it is essential to implement green space and water harvesting in order to secure water availability in the future.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Land-Use Type and Daily Concentration and Variability of PM10 in Metropolitan Cities: Evidence from South Korea

Land ◽

10.3390/land11010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Heechul Kim ◽

Sungjo Hong

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Air Pollution ◽

South Korea ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Metropolitan Cities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mixed Land Use

Since urban areas with high air pollution are known to have higher mortality rates compared to areas with less air pollution, accurately understanding and predicting the distribution of particulate matter (PM) in cities is important for urban planning policies that seek to emphasize the health of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between PM and land use in metropolitan cities in South Korea using the land-use regression model. We use daily data from the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in seven cities in South Korea for the year 2018. For analysis, K-means clustering is employed to identify the land-use pattern surrounding the AQMSs and two log-lin regression models are used to investigate the effects of each land-use type on PM. The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, thus verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy. Moreover, microclimatic, seasonal, and regional factors affect PM concentration and variability. Finally, to minimize exposure to PM, various policies such as mixed land use need to be established and implemented differently, depending on the season and time.

Download Full-text

Municipal community gardens in the metropolitan area of Milano. Assessment and planning criteria

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2016.509 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 82 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giulio Senes ◽

Natalia Fumagalli ◽

Paolo Stefano Ferrario ◽

Daniele Gariboldi ◽

Roberto Rovelli

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Open Space ◽

Community Gardens ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Urban Open Space ◽

The Road ◽

Adequate Coverage

A community garden (CG) can generally be defined as a piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people that grow their produce on shared lots that have been divided into smaller plots. Some gardens are grown collectively, are divided into different plots for individual and family use; CGs are usually located in urban or peri-urban areas. As a growing portion of the urban open space network, CGs are contributing to land preservation, access to open space, and sustainable re-use of vacant land. They promote healthy communities and provide food security for many. In this context, the object of the study are the municipal community gardens (MCGs), a specific typology of CGs provided for land-use planning legislation and practice as an urban service with social function, made available to the community by the municipalities and assigned to be cultivated to citizens (usually seniors/retired people). In particular, the study aimed: i) to evaluate the presence of MCGs in the città metropolitana di Milano (the former province of Milano); and ii) to define criteria for new MCGs settlement, using existing geo-database and geographical information system to make it replicable in other settings. For the first topic the 133 municipalities of the former province of Milano (excluded the city of Milano) were analysed. Only 59 municipalities had presence of MCGs. The average area per capita of MCGs is 0.68 sq.m/inhab. (if we exclude Rodano, an outlier with 35 sq.m/inhab.). An overlay with land use map has permitted to define the relationships between the MCGs and their surrounding territory. The major part of MCGs are included in urban or suburban areas. For the second goal, the land area to be allocated for new MCGs was assessed for each municipality, comparing area of existing MCGs and a minimum required area (calculated on the basis of the inhabitants number). Finally a method was proposed to locate the new MCGs areas. Criteria used to identify suitable areas for new MCGs were: proximity to the road network inside residential areas, suitable land use, not high land capability. In this way it has been defined for each municipality the number of MCGs to be realized and their area, and located the potentially suitable sites. Choosing between the identified suitable areas, the new MCGs were homogeneously located on the territory of each municipality in order to ensure adequate coverage of residential areas; the degree of coverage has been verified through a service area analysis. The proposed method seems to be useful for the MCGs settlement at metropolitan/provincial level.

Download Full-text