Carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in dogs: Prevalence, associated risk factors and molecular characteristics

This cross-sectional, institutional-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among Babcock University students in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) undergraduate students, 80 females and 40 males, were asked to provide stool specimen in a sterile leak-proof single-use universal bottle with a screw-capped lid. Standard microbiological techniques were used to analyse the stool samples. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and clinical information from participants. The data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). The study showed that there was no occurrence of shigellosis among the study participants (0%), but other enteric pathogens infection were present in all participants (100%). The three most common mono-infections found among the study participants included Staphylococcus aureus (40%), followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%), and Salmonella typhi and Bacillus spp. (3.3%, each). While the most common prevalence of dual-infections included Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (33.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi (3.3%). The proportion of participants who were asymptomatic (66.7%) was significantly higher than the symptomatic ones (33.3%). Identified risk factors of non-Shigella enteric infection included consumption of beef, vegetables, fruits, poultry/poultry products, as well as street foods, poor hand hygiene before eating, anal cleaning, and poor hand hygiene after toileting. Although shigellosis did not exist among undergraduate students of Babcock University, this study highlighted the existence of other enteric infections among the study participants. Therefore, the necessary preventive measures should be ensured and sustained.

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Cefepime Resistance and Associated Risk Factors among Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Chemotherapy ◽

10.1159/000323623 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 134-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Majid Mansouri ◽

Rashid Ramazanzadeh ◽

Parisa Norabadi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Molecular detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-019-0342-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ifeyinwa N. Nwafia ◽

Martin E. Ohanu ◽

Samuel O. Ebede ◽

Uchenna C. Ozumba

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background The use of antibiotic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases has greatly contributed to the decrease in morbidity and mortality, but these great advances in treatment are being undermined by the rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistant organisms. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes hydrolyzing the beta lactam antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins and monobactams but not cephamycins and carbapenems. They pose a serious global health threat and have become a challenge for health care providers. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu and to detect the risk factors for acquisition of the resistant organism. To proffer advice on antibiotic stewardship in clinical practice and public health interventions, to curb the spread of the resistant organisms in the hospital. Results Out of the 200 E. coli isolates, 70 (35.00%) were confirmed positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. Fifty-three (75.7%) were from hospital acquired infections. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol while 68 (97.14%) of the 70 isolates were susceptible to imipenem. BlaTEM, blaSHV and blaTEM were detected in 66 (94%) of the 70 isolates. The ESBL bla genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26; 37.14%), blaTEM (n = 7; 10.00%), blaSHV (n = 2; 2.86%), blaCTX-M/TEM (n = 7; 10.0%), blaCTX-M/SHV (n = 14; 20.0%) and blaCTX-M/TEM/SHV (n = 10; 14.29%). The three bla genes were not detected in 4 (5.71%) of the isolates. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were the associated risk factors to infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Conclusion There is a high rate of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were associated risk factors.

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Extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in broilers and people living and/or working on broiler farms: prevalence, risk factors and molecular characteristics

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dku178 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

pp. 2669-2675 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

P. M. C. Huijbers ◽

E. A. M. Graat ◽

A. P. J. Haenen ◽

M. G. van Santen ◽

A. van Essen-Zandbergen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Extended Spectrum

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Prevalence of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia Coli and Associated Risk Factors in Dug Wells in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-255440/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Babatunde Odetoyin ◽

Olawumi Ogundipe ◽

Adebola Onanuga

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Shannon Diversity Index ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

E Coli ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Dug Wells ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract BackgroundDiarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are common bacterial causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. Waterborne DEC could pose a potential health risk to humans through domestic use of contaminated water. However, epidemiological studies on DEC strains in drinking water are scarce in Nigeria. This study determined the prevalence, diversity and factors associated with the presence of DEC in dug wells in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria.MethodsWe assessed 143 wells for safety by coliform count using the multiple tube technique. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information about the wells and their owners. Contaminating isolates were identified as E. coli by amplifying their 16S rRNA gene. Five DEC pathotypes comprising enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) were detected using two sets of multiplex PCR assays. Isolates diversity was determined by (GTG)5 Repetitive element palindromic PCR and Shannon diversity index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated risk factors. Results Fifty-eight (40.6%) wells were contaminated by diarrhoeagenic E. coli. Wells with dirty platforms, damaged by erosion and sited near septic tanks significantly harboured DEC (p<0.05). There was a preponderance of STEC among the isolates with nine isolates carrying multiple diarrhoeagenic genes and 10 (17.2%) wells contaminated by multiple DEC strains. The (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting assigned all DEC strains into six clades, with an overall Shannon diversity index of 18.87. A diverse profile was obtained among and between the isolates recovered from different sources.ConclusionsThe presence of DEC strains in drinking water highlights the risk to human health associated with the use of untreated water. There was a high degree of genetic diversity among the isolates implying multiple sources of contamination. There is a need for periodic sanitation and inspection of wells for cracks to prevent seepages and possible outbreaks of waterborne diseases.

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Corrigendum: Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli and Associated Risk Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Pig Farms in Great Britain

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.693940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Manal AbuOun ◽

Heather M. O'Connor ◽

Emma J. Stubberfield ◽

Javier Nunez-Garcia ◽

Ellie Sayers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Great Britain ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Horses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02590-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Joost Hordijk ◽

Evangelia Farmakioti ◽

Lidwien A. M. Smit ◽

Birgitta Duim ◽

Haitske Graveland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Horse Population ◽

Nationwide Study ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Potential Risk Factors

ABSTRACT A nationwide study on the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC in nonhospitalized horses in the Netherlands was performed. Molecular characterization was done, and questionnaires were analyzed to identify factors associated with carriage. In total, 796 horse owners were approached; 281 of these submitted a fecal sample from their horse(s), resulting in 362 samples. All samples were cultured qualitatively in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and subsequently on MacConkey agar, both supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (LB+ and MC+). Positive samples were subsequently cultured quantitatively on MC+. Initial extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC screening was performed by PCR, followed by whole-genome sequencing on selected strains. Associations between ESBL/AmpC carriage and questionnaire items were analyzed using a univariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis, followed by a multiple GEE model for relevant factors. In total, 39 of 362 samples (11%) were determined to be positive for ESBL/AmpC. blaCTX-M-1-carrying isolates were obtained from 77% of positive samples (n = 30). Other ESBL/AmpC genes observed included blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32, blaSHV-12, blaCMY-2, and blaACT-10. A high association between the presence of blaCTX-M-1 and IncHI1 plasmids was observed (46% of samples; n = 18). Based on core genome analysis (n = 48 isolates), six Escherichia coli clusters were identified, three of which represented 80% of the isolates. A negative association between ESBL/AmpC carriage and horses being in contact with other horses at a different site was observed. The presence of a dog on the premises and housing in a more densely human-populated region were positively associated. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are widespread in human and animal populations and in the environment. Many different ESBL variants exist. The dissemination of ESBLs within and between populations and the environment is also largely influenced by genetic mobile elements (e.g., plasmids) that facilitate spread of these ESBLs. In order to identify potential attributable ESBL sources for, e.g., the human population, it is important to identify the different ESBL variants, the bacteria carrying them, and the potential risk factors for ESBL carriage from other potential sources. This nationwide study focuses on ESBL carriage in the open horse population and investigated the molecular characteristics, geographical distribution throughout the Netherlands, and potential risk factors for fecal ESBL carriage in horses. These data can be used for future attribution studies in order to reduce potential transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria between sources.

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