One health approach to genetic relatedness in SCCmec between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates from companion dogs with pyoderma and their owners

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are being implemented in many countries for the beneficial effects they have on humans. Patients involved in AAI are often individuals at greater risk of acquiring infections, and these activities involve close contact between humans and animals, as is the case with humans living with a pet. The spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales is a serious problem for human health; an integrated One Health strategy is imperative to combat this threat. Companion dogs can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and animal-to-human transmission could occur during AAI sessions. The aim of this review was to collect the available data on the carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in companion dogs and in an AAI context. Several papers have generally addressed the issue of microbial transmission during AAIs. Studies on the intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and/or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales have mainly been conducted in companion animals while few data are available on the carriage in dogs participating in AAI sessions. This review aims to draw attention to the antibiotic resistance problem in a One Health context and to the importance of extending infection control measures to this human–animal interface, to keep the balance of benefits/risks for AAIs shifted towards the benefits of these activities.

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Prevalence of fosfomycin resistance and gene mutations in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

10.21203/rs.2.23289/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Chien Lee ◽

Pao-Yu Chen ◽

Jann-Tay Wang ◽

Shan-Chwen Chang

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Protein A ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Staphylococcal Protein A ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Fosfomycin Resistance

Abstract Background: Fosfomycin exhibits excellent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Increasing fosfomycin resistance among clinical MRSA isolates was reported previously, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance.Methods: All MRSA isolates, collected in 2002 and 2012 by the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program, were used in this study. Susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents, including fosfomycin, was determined by broth microdilution. Genetic determinants of fosfomycin resistance, including fosB carriage and murA, glpT and uhpT mutations, were investigated using PCR and sequencing of amplicons. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing was also performed to determine the genetic relatedness of MRSA isolates.Results: A total of 969 MRSA strains, 495 in the year 2002 and 474 in the year 2012, were analyzed. The overall in vitro susceptibility was 8.2% to erythromycin, 18.0% to clindamycin, 29.0% to tetracycline, 44.6% to ciprofloxacin, 57.5% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 86.9% to rifampicin, 92.9% to fosfomycin and 100% to linezolid and vancomycin. A significant increase in the fosfomycin resistance rate was observed from 3.4% in 2002 to 11.0% in 2012. Of 68 fosfomycin-resistant MRSA isolates, 12 harbored the fosB gene, and expression of murA, uhpT, and glpT mutations was noted in 11, 59, and 66 isolates, respectively. Combination of mutations of uhpT and glpT genes (58 isolates) was the most prevalent resistant mechanism. The vast majority of the fosfomycin-resistant MRSA isolates belonged to spa type t002.Conclusions: An increased fosfomycin resistance rate of MRSA isolates was observed in our present study, mostly due to mutations in the glpT and uhpT genes. Clonal spread probably contributed to the increased fosfomycin resistance.

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72 A One-health Perspective on S. aureus Induced Mastitis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 39-40

Author(s):

Xin Zhao ◽

Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu ◽

Pierre Lacasse

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

One Health ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Health Concern ◽

Effective Control ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Bovine mastitis, commonly caused by bacteria, is one of the most devastating diseases for the dairy industry worldwide, with high economic, social, and public health impacts. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading pathogens in most countries. Success rate of antibiotic treatment is low such that effective control of S. aureus induced mastitis is currently only possible through prevention of new infections and culling of infected animals. The infection is usually subclinical, causing elevated somatic cell counts but no detectable changes in milk or the udder. S. aureus persists in mammary glands, teat canals, and teat lesions of infected cows and is transmitted to other cows during milking. The direct evidence of cross-species transmission of S. aureus is still scarce. Nevertheless, accumulating indirect evidence supports the zoonotic potential for S. aureus from bovine mastitis to humans. In addition to direct contact, aerosol exposures may also be an important mechanism for the transmission. While animal-adapted livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been known for many years, most S. aureus isolated from mastitic milk in Canada are methicillin-sensitive. S. aureus induced mastitis is a common reason for therapeutic and/or prophylactic use of antibiotics on dairy farms. Occurrence of multidrug resistant, especially methicillin-resistant, S. aureus has been a major public health concern. In this talk, we will address the pathogenesis and strain spectrum of S. aureus induced bovine mastitis, review existing evidence for inter-species transmission, and discuss possible transmission of methicillin-resistance determinants. This talk aims to emphasize the need for the one-health approach for prevention and treatment of S. aureus induced mastitis, in order to provide safe and nutritious milk and milk products to consumers.

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Epidemiologic typing and delineation of genetic relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by macrorestriction analysis of genomic DNA by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.30.10.2599-2605.1992 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 2599-2605 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

M J Struelens ◽

A Deplano ◽

C Godard ◽

N Maes ◽

E Serruys

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Pulsed Field

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus Displaying Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and High Biofilm-Forming Ability

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526521666210217151807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Paula Dier-Pereira ◽

Isabella Ramos Trevizani Thihara ◽

Felipe Crepaldi Duarte ◽

Raquel Soares da Silva ◽

Jussevania Pereira Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Meca Gene ◽

The Other ◽

Type I ◽

Abiotic Surface ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

Background: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is one of the most frequently coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from healthcare-associated infections, mainly those related to implanted medical devices. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and biofilm forming capacity of S. haemolyticus isolated from bloodstream infections. Methods: A total of 40 S. haemolyticus isolates were characterized according to their genetic relatedness by repetitive element sequence based-PCR (REP-PCR), antimicrobial susceptibility profile, SCCmec typing, ability to form biofilm on abiotic surface and occurrence of putative genes related to biofilm formation. Results: One S. haemolyticus was susceptible to all antimicrobials. The other isolates (n=39) were resistant to cefoxitin; and among them 34 (87.2%) harbored the mecA gene into the SCCmec type I (5.9%), type III (29.4%), type IV (5.9%) and type V (20.6%); and 38.2% isolates were designated as NT. Apart from cefoxitin, 94.9% of the isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial classes, and 32.5% displayed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values higher than 4.0 µg/mL for vancomycin. All isolates formed biofilm on polystyrene surface and were classified as strong biofilm-producers, except for one isolate. All isolates were negative for icaA gene, and the prevalence of the other genes was as follows: atl, 100%; fbp, 92.5%; aap, 90.0%; and bap, 20.0%. Conclusion: This study reports a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus displaying decreased susceptibility to vancomycin with the ability to form strong biofilms on abiotic surface. The results support the importance of controlling the adequate use of antimicrobials for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.

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Comparative Molecular Analysis of Community- or Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.47.1.196-203.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 196-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 202

Author(s):

P. D. Fey ◽

B. Saïd-Salim ◽

M. E. Rupp ◽

S. H. Hinrichs ◽

D. J. Boxrud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Health Concern ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Type Iv ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽

Mrsa Strains ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a growing public health concern that has been associated with pediatric fatalities. It is hypothesized that the evolution of CA-MRSA is a recent event due to the acquisition of mec DNA by previously methicillin-susceptible strains that circulated in the community. This study investigated the genetic relatedness between CA-MRSA, hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), and nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (nmTSS) isolates. Thirty-one of 32 CA-MRSA isolates were highly related as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and spa typing yet were distinguishable from 32 HA-MRSA strains. The 31 related CA-MRSA isolates produced either staphylococcal enterotoxin B (n = 5) or C (n = 26), and none made TSS toxin 1. All CA-MRSA isolates tested contained a type IV staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element. In comparison, none of the HA-MRSA isolates (n = 32) expressed the three superantigens. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were different between the CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA isolates; CA-MRSA was typically resistant only to β-lactam antibiotics. Six of twenty-one nmTSS isolates were indistinguishable or highly related to the CA-MRSA isolates. MnCop, an nmTSS isolate obtained in Alabama in 1986, was highly related to the CA-MRSA isolates except that it did not contain an SCCmec element. These data suggest that CA-MRSA strains may represent a new acquisition of SCCmec DNA in a previously susceptible genetic background that was capable of causing nmTSS. CA-MRSA poses a serious health risk not only because it is resistant to the antibiotics of choice for community-acquired staphylococcal infections but also because of its ability to cause nmTSS via superantigen production.

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