Quantification of PCDD/F concentrations in animal manure and comparison of the effects of the application of cattle manure and sewage sludge to agricultural land on human exposure to PCDD/Fs

Chemosphere ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L Stevens ◽  
Kevin C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure

Agricultural practices and diffuse nitrogen pollution in Denmark: empirical leaching and catchment models

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans E. Andersen ◽  
Brian Kronvang ◽  
Søren E. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
N Removal

An empirical leaching model was applied to data on agricultural practices at the field level within 6 small Danish agricultural catchments in order to document any changes in nitrogen (N) leaching from the root zone during the period 1989-96. The model calculations performed at normal climate revealed an average reduction in N-leaching that amounted to 30% in the loamy catchments and 9% in the sandy catchments. The reductions in N leaching could be ascribed to several improvements in agricultural practices during the study period: (i) regulations on livestock density; (ii) regulations on the utilisation of animal manure; (iii) regulations concerning application practices for manure. The average annual total N-loss from agricultural areas to surface water constituted only 54% of the annual average N leached from the root zone in the three loamy catchments and 17% in the three sandy catchments. Thus, subsurface N-removal processes are capable of removing large amounts of N leached from agricultural land. An empirical model for the annual diffuse N-loss to streams from small catchments is presented. The model predicts annual N-loss as a function of the average annual use of mineral fertiliser and manure in the catchment and the total annual runoff from the unsaturated zone.

scholarly journals Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Catalina Iticescu ◽  
Puiu-Lucian Georgescu ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Adrian Rosu ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture decreases the pressure on landfills. In Romania, massive investments have been made in wastewater treatment stations, which have resulted in the accumulation of important quantities of sewage sludge. The presence of these sewage sludges coincides with large areas of degraded agricultural land. The aim of the present article is to identify the best technological combinations meant to solve these problems simultaneously. Adapting the quality and parameters of the sludge to the specificity of the land solves the possible compatibility problems, thus reducing the impact on the environment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fermented sludge were monitored and optimal solutions for their treatment were suggested so as to allow that the sludge could be used in agriculture according to the characteristics of the soils. The content of heavy metals in the sewage sludge was closely monitored because the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer does not allow for any increases in the concentrations of these in soils. The article identifies those agricultural areas which are suitable for the use of sludge, as well as ways of correcting some parameters (e.g., pH), which allow the improvement of soil quality and obtained higher agricultural production.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

scholarly journals Response of vegetative growth and chemical properties in tomato plant (Tariz) for organic fertilization.

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Halemah M. Amhamed ◽  
Ahmed. I. Sharaf ◽  
Salaheddin B. Elbelazi ◽  
Moftah A. Assofal ◽  
Amal E. Alhishni
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The experiment was carried out in agricultural land in Sorman between 4 - 2017 to 7 - 2017, in the design of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to study the response of vegetative traits and chemical properties in the tomato plant of Tariz for organic fertilization, by 6 treatments and 3 replicates, For SPSS statistical analysis at a significant level of LSD 0.05). The experiment included four types of semi-decomposed organic fertilizer (sheep manure, cattle manure, camel manure, horse manure) in 6 treatments, in addition to the control treatment, which included four treatments for each type of organic fertilizer as: fertilizer: soil by ratio (1: 3) that is 5Kg of fertilizer : 15 kg of soil, mixed treatment of fertilizer : soil (1: 1) (10 kg of fertilizer: 10 kg of soil), and double treatment (3: 1) (15 kg of fertilizer: 5 kg soil). The seedlings were planted in experimental units of 7.20 m2. The seedlings were treated in biological control using the garlic extract for insect protection after 15 days of planting, as well as the addition of simple proportions of hay as a cover to reduce the growth of herbs. The experiment showed that the treatment of cattle manure significantly increased most of the studied morphological traits (length of root, plant length, number of flowers, number of leafy branches), as well as significant increase in fresh and dry weight of leaves and average weight of five fruits.. There were significant differences in the content of the N, P in leaves and NPK elements in the fruits, while there was a significant increase in vitamin C content in fruits for all treatments.

Leaching of Phosphorus From Ashes of Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Wood

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pettersson ◽  
Bengt-A˚ke Andersson ◽  
Britt-Marie Steenari ◽  
Lars-Erik A˚mand ◽  
Bo Leckner
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Phosphorus Sources

Municipal sewage sludge has a high concentration of phosphorus, which should be recovered because phosphorus is a limited natural resource. In this work, sewage sludge was co-fired with wood in a FBC boiler. The aim of the investigating was to study the solubility of phosphorus in the ashes, by leaching as an alternative to the phosphorous recovery method of using the ashes directly on farmlands. The fly ashes from the boiler’s secondary cyclone and bag filter were leached at various pH-values and the release of phosphorus was measured. Only acidic leaching was applied. The ashes precipitated with Al2(SO4)3 released nearly all phosphorus at a pH-value of 1, whereas the ashes precipitated with Fe2(SO4)3 did not release all phosphorus even at the very low pH of 0.5. The concentrations of phosphorous in the leachate must be compared with liquid phosphorus sources such as human urine or liquid animal manure used as fertilisers. This may result in that the leachate has to be processed further. A continuation of the work to investigate to what extent the leachate is contaminated with toxic trace elements is necessary.

scholarly journals Optimizing Soil Fertility Management Strategies to Enhance Banana Production in Volcanic Soils of the Northern Highlands, Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akida I. Meya ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Kelvin M. Mtei ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Roel Merckx
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
N Dose

Banana is an important crop in high altitude areas of Tanzania, grown widely both as a food staple and as the main source of income. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility, a result of gradual nutrient mining by the crop. Currently, soil fertility management in banana-based farming systems in the country relies mainly on applications of animal manure. However, the amount of manure produced in most farms is not enough to replenish soil fertility due to the small number of animals kept by smallholder resource-poor farmers who are the major producers in the country. Field experiments were conducted at three sites with varying soil types and contrasting weather conditions along the altitudinal gradients on the slopes of the volcanic mountains of Kilimanjaro and Meru, northern Tanzania to (1) investigate the effect of mineral nitrogen (mineral N) fertilizer applications on the growth and yield of Mchare banana (Musa spp., AA, a traditional East African highland cooking banana sub-group), at the four levels of 0, 77, 153, and 230 kg N ha−1 year−1 as a starter strategy to improve the current soil fertility management strategies, and (2) evaluate the effect of the combined use of inorganic and organic N sources on growth and banana fruit production as an alternative strategy to manage soil fertility and minimize animal manure requirements. The treatment factors were trial sites (Tarakea, Lyamungo, and Tengeru) as the main factor and N fertilization strategies (as urea alone, sole cattle manure, and in combination with urea, sole common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) haulms as well as in combination with urea) as a sub factor. Bean haulms and cattle manure were applied each year for two years. Fertilization at 153 kg N ha−1 year−1 derived solely from urea significantly (p < 0.001) resulted in high yield increment of up to 42% relative to the control. However, the increase was highest (52%) with the same N dose derived from cattle manure in combination with urea at 50% substitution. Sole bean haulms resulted in a smaller yield increment, the same as the lowest N dose from the sole urea fertilization treatment. The study concludes that soil fertility management in smallholder banana-based farming systems should not solely rely on animal manure and mineral fertilizers.

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