The effect of Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels on post-prandial blood glucose levels in non-diabetic rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Coimbra Teixeira ◽  
Luciano Pilla Pinto ◽  
Felix Henrique Paim Kessler ◽  
Lia Knijnik ◽  
Cristiano Pilla Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA HOOK PLANT EXTRACT ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
DEVI M ◽  
KOMAL S ◽  
LOGESHWARI B
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of the whole aerial plant of Portulaca grandiflora Hook on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of STZ (150 mg/kg). Adult male Wister albino rats were divided into five groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), diabetic P. grandiflora H. extract (200 mg/kg), and diabetic P. grandiflora H. extract (400 mg/kg) for 21 days and analyzed for body weight (BW) and blood glucose. Results: The STZ-treated diabetic control rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose with a concomitant decrease in BW. Oral administration of P. grandiflora H. extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) for 21 days showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and elevation in the bodyweight studies as compared to control and glibenclamide-treated rats. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that a potent antidiabetic activity was present in the aerial part of plant P. grandiflora H. extract.

scholarly journals Paradoxical refractoriness developing with the allogeneic transfer of splenic lymphocyte total RNA from animals with treated alloxan diabetes to animals with untreated diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Н.М. Геворкян ◽  
Н.В. Тишевская ◽  
А.Г. Бабаева
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Ранее нами было показано, что препараты аллогенной суммарной РНК, выделенной из лимфоидных и стволовых клеток здоровых животных, вызывают нормализацию уровня глюкозы крови у крыс со стойким аллоксановым сахарным диабетом. Цель исследования -- выяснение влияния суммарной РНК лимфоцитов селезенки крыс, ранее перенесших стойкий аллоксановый диабет, на особенности течения эксперименального аллоксанового диабета у животных. Методика. Эксперимент выполнен на 35 белых беспородных крысах-самках массой 250-280 г: 5 интактных животных, 20 - с экспериментальным аллоксановым сахарным диабетом и 10 животных, ранее перенесших стойкий аллоксановый диабет, у которых уровень глюкозы крови был полностью нормализован введением суммарных РНК клеток костного мозга, селезенки и поджелудочной железы. Диабет у этих животных моделировали однократным подкожным введением полного адъюванта Фрейнда (0,5 мл на крысу) и последующим подкожным введением аллоксана тригидрата в дозе 200 мг/кг. Достигнутая нормогликемия у животных подтверждалась в течение последующих 60 сут. Из селезенок и костного мозга этих животных методом фенол-хлороформной экстракции была выделена суммарная РНК. На 20 крысах с экспериментальным аллоксановым сахарным диабетом изучали эффекты однократного внутрибрюшинного введения полученной суммарной РНК (15 мкг/100 г массы тела животного). Результаты. Обнаружено, что при введении суммарной РНК селезенки крыс, ранее перенесших аллоксановый диабет, животным с аллоксановым диабетом у последних развивалась стойкая и длительная рефрактерность к лечению терапевтическими препаратами РНК. Заключение. 1. Выявлен феномен повышенной чувствительности крыс с аллоксановым диабетом к действию суммарной РНК селезенки животных, ранее перенесших аллоксановый диабет. 2. Предполагаемой причиной рефрактерности является клональный компонент суммарной РНК CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов памяти из селезенки животных, ранее перенесших аллоксановый диабет. 3. Предполагается наличие механизма адресного взаимодействия отдельных компонентов суммарной РНК селезенки крыс, ранее перенесших аллоксановый диабет, с их лимфоцитами-мишенями в организме реципиентов с аллоксановым диабетом. Introduction. Earlier we have shown that preparations of allogenic total RNA from lymphoid and stem cells of healthy animals contribute to normalization of blood glucose levels in white outbred rats with persistent alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to find out whether allogenic total RNA isolated from the spleen of rats treated for alloxan diabetes affects its course, as determined by changes in blood glucose, in animals with persistent alloxan diabetes. Methods. Experiments were performed on 35 white outbred female rats weighing 250-280 g. Rats were divided into intact animals (n=5), rats with experimental alloxan diabetes mellitus (n=20), and rats after persistent alloxan diabetes (n=10) whose blood glucose level had been completely normalized by administrating total RNA of bone marrow, splenic, and pancreatic cells (post-diabetes group). Diabetes mellitus was modeled with a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (0.5 ml) followed by a s.c. injection of alloxan trihydrate (200 mg/kg). Achievement of normoglycemia in animals of the post-diabetes group was confirmed over the next 60 days. Then total RNA was isolated from their spleen and bone marrow by phenol-chloroform extraction, and the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of total RNA (15 μg/100 g body weight) was studied. Results. Administration of splenic total RNA from rats previously treated for alloxan diabetes to animals with alloxan diabetes resulted in development of stable and prolonged refractoriness of diabetic rats to the treatment with therapeutic RNA preparations [11]. Conclusions. This study discovered a phenomenon of hypersensitivity of rats with alloxan diabetes to the diabetogenic effect of total RNA from animals that had previously had alloxan diabetes. Apparently, this refractoriness was caused by the clonal component of the total RNA of CD8 + T memory lymphocytes from the spleen of post-diabetes animals. A mechanism is proposed for the interaction between individual components of splenic total RNA from post-diabetes rats and their target lymphocytes in recipients with alloxan diabetes.

scholarly journals Potential of karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) fraction against kidney damage in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Mgs Irsan Saleh ◽  
Rachmat Hidayat ◽  
Geri Febriyanto ◽  
Nita Parisa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Summary Introduction: Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) is Indonesian native plant that contains high anti-oxidant compounds with the potential to suppress oxidative stress activity in cells. This study is the first research to specifically explore the role of the karamunting fraction in protecting kidney damage due to the formation of AGEs in the renal glomerulus in diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of karamunting on blood glucose profile, HbA1c, insulin profile and kidney condition (AGEs expression, TNF-α and kidney histology) in diabetic rats. Methods: The karamunting extraction process was carried out by maceration with ethanol. Induction of diabetes mellitus was carried out using streptozotocin. Thirty male rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain weighing between 200–250 grams were the subject in this study. HbA1c, insulin, TNF-α, AGEs levels were evaluated in the kidney tissue. Histological assessment of the kidney was carried out. Results: Karamunting can improve blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. This improvement in blood glucose levels causes an improvement in the level of HbA1c. Administration of karamunting fraction can prevent AGEs deposition in renal tissue, which in turn will inhibits the inflammation and prevents further damage of kidneys. Conclusion: Karamunting fraction can improve blood glucose regulation so that it can prevent further damage and complications of kidney organs in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Effect of turmeric on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Mugdha Rajeeva Padhye ◽  
Sangita Devrao Jogdand
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism characterised by hyperglycaemia. Long standing diabetes mellitus leads to various complications affecting multiple organ systems. Management of diabetes mellitus includes lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus includes a wide variety of drugs that help in achieving adequate glycaemic control. Anti-diabetic medications are however associated with several adverse effects. Phytochemicals are being used extensively for the treatment of various diseases. Use of phytochemicals would minimize adverse effects due to various anti-diabetic drugs and improve patient compliance. In the present study, authors studied the effect of turmeric on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats.Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180 - 250grams were utilized for the present study. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. Ethanolic extract of turmeric was administered to diabetic rats daily orally for duration of 28 days. Blood glucose levels were monitored using glucometer before and after intervention with turmeric.Results: Statistically significant reduction in mean blood glucose levels (p value <0.05) was seen after intervention with turmeric in diabetic rats. There was a significant reduction in mean blood glucose levels.Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of turmeric showed antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats.

Effect of 24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Experimental Diabetic Rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Katoh ◽  
Y. Maeda ◽  
H. Yamato ◽  
T. Hirai ◽  
T. Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Bone Calcium

The results are presented of a controlled study in male Wistar rats into the effects of 24 R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on blood glucose levels, bone calcium content and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose levels were shown to be decreased by 10 μg/kg 24 R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The reduced bone calcium content associated with diabetes mellitus was returned to normal levels with both 1 and 10 μg/kg 24 R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. It was also shown to exhibit dose-dependent anti-platelet activity. The data suggest that 24 R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 might have potential as a mild therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis and platelet hyperactivity associated with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Changes in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats: Role ofAlhagi maurorumExtracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sheweita ◽  
S. Mashaly ◽  
A. A. Newairy ◽  
H. M. Abdou ◽  
S. M. Eweda
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Alhagi maurorum(camel thorn plant) is a promising medicinal plant due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds as major contents of its constituents. No previous study has been conducted before onA. maurorum extractsas an antioxidative stress and/or antidiabetic herb in STZ-induced DM in rats. Therefore, four groups of rats were allocated as control (C), STZ-induced DM (D), and STZ-induced DM supplemented with 300 mg/kg BW of either aqueous extract (WE) or ethanolic extract (EE) ofA. maurorum. The plasma levels of glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C, MDA, and bilirubin and the activities of transaminases and GR were significantly increased in the diabetic group. Also, diabetic rats showed severe glucose intolerance and histopathological changes in their livers. In addition, levels of insulin, total proteins, GSH, and HDL-C and the activities of SOD, GPx, and GST were significantly decreased in the diabetic rats compared to those of the control group. The ingestion ofA. maurorumextracts lowered the blood glucose levels during the OGTT compared to the diabetic rats and restored all tested parameters to their normal levels with the exception of insulin level that could not be restored. It is concluded thatA. maurorumextracts decreased elevated blood glucose levels and hyperlipidemia and suppressed oxidative stress caused by diabetes mellitus in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of leptin on spatial learning, memory and blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in male wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Archita C. Joshi ◽  
Chetna R. Patel ◽  
Naresh D. Kantharia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Spatial Learning Memory

Background: Diabetes mellitus is known to cause cognitive impairment that can be possibly attributed to deficient levels of leptin in diabetic animals. This study was undertaken to study the effect of administration of leptin on spatial learning, memory and blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups. The first group was the control group. Diabetes was induced in groups 2 and 3 by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 2 received saline while group 3 received leptin (0.1 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 10 days from 4th day of STZ administration. Behavioural assessment was done in T maze after 21 days of the last injection of leptin. Blood glucose levels were also analysed.Results: The number of correct arm entries decreased while time spent being immobile and time spent to reach the correct arm increased in the diabetic group when compared to the control group and correct arm entries increased while time spent immobile and time spent to reach the correct arm decreased with leptin treatment when compared to the diabetic control rats. Blood glucose levels increased in the diabetic rats while leptin administration reduced blood glucose levels in the group 3.Conclusions: Our study suggests that leptin can improve learning and memory while also producing a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals The effect of Ferulago angulata (Schelchet) Boiss on blood glucose levels and suppression of diabetes in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Parsamehr ◽  
Somayeh Bohlouli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Liver Enzyme Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Medicinal plant Ferulago angulata has anti-oxidant properties. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of F. angulata on the blood glucose level and liver enzyme activity in diabetic male rats. Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into eight groups, including normal and diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 40 mg·kg-1 body weight. Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of the extract for three weeks. At the end of the experimental period, fasting blood samples were collected, and blood glucose and liver enzyme activity were measured. This study demonstrated that serum glucose levels in diabetic groups treated with F. angulata were significantly lower than those in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase levels in diabetic rats treated with F. angulata were significantly decreased compared to diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase levels in diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg·kg-1 F. angulata were significantly decreased compared to diabetic rats (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the serum levels of blood glucose and liver enzymes in the normal group treated with different doses of the extract. These results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of F. angulata might be effective in the treatment of diabetes and consequently alleviate the liver damage caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. This effect might be due to the presence of flavonoids and their antioxidant features.

scholarly journals Effect of Flaxseed Extract on the Liver Histological Structure in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad M. Al-Ani ◽  
Ahmed N. Abired ◽  
Basma E. Mustafa ◽  
Emad N. Abdel Wahab ◽  
Marwan S. Azzubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flaxseed Extract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has become a serious warning to mankind health all over the world. The management goal of diabetes is to keep blood glucose levels as close as possible to healthy individuals. Medications used to treat diabetes are usually associated with complications and may cause different side effects. Many traditional anti-diabetic plants have become popular in the management of diabetes mellitus. Flaxseed has been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of flaxseed extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.). The rats were divided into five groups of 8 rats each. Group NC, normal control rats; Group NF, normal rats treated with flaxseed extract (400 mg/kg); Group DC, diabetic control rats; Group DG, diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg); Group DF, diabetic rats treated with flaxseed extract (400 mg/kg); for 4 weeks. Results: There were significant increase in relative liver weight, blood glucose levels in DC group comparing to NC group (p<0.05). The disturbance of these parameters was ameliorated in DF and DG groups. Histological observation revealed congestion of central veins, degeneration of hepatocytes, and reduced glycogen granules in DC group. These pathological changes were ameliorated in the flaxseed extract and glibenclamide treated rats. Conclusion: Flaxseed extract may represent a candidate alternative treatment to control diabetes mellitus and its related hepatopathy.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic effect of Centella asiatica extract (whole plant) in streptozotocin nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwin Muhlishoh ◽  
Brian Wasita ◽  
Adi Magna Patriado Nuhriawangsa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
One Way Anova

<p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><strong>Latar belakang:</strong> Pegagan (<em>Centella asiatica</em>) telah digunakan untuk pengobatan diabetes mellitus. Namun dosis efek anti diabetes ini belum diteliti.</p><p><strong>Tujuan:</strong> Untuk menguji pengaruh variasi dosis ekstrak pegagan (seluruh bagian tanaman) terhadap kadar gula darah, asupan makanan, dan berat badan pada tikus model diabetes mellitus yang diinduksi Streptozotocin Nicotinamide.</p><p><strong>Metode:</strong> Tiga puluh enam tikus Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan berbeda: kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, kontrol obat (metformin 45 mg/KgBB/hari), ekstrak pegagan 300 mg/KgBB/hari, 600 mg/KgBB/hari, 1200 mg / KgBB / hari. Pemberian ekstrak pegagan (seluruh bagian tanaman) dan metformin dilakukan selama 28 hari. Kadar gula darah dianalisis menggunakan Glucose Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrina Peroxidase (GOD-PAP) sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Berat badan dan asupan makanan diukur setiap satu minggu. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Pemberian variasi dosis ekstrak pegagan dan metformin secara signifikan menurunkan kadar gula darah, meningkatkan berat badan dan memperbaiki asupan makanan (p = 0,00). Kadar gula darah dan asupan makanan pada kelompok ekstrak pegagan (seluruh bagian tanaman) dosis tinggi (1200 mg / KgBB / hari) lebih baik dibanding kelompok dosis rendah (300 mg / KgBB / hari) dan kelompok dosis sedang (600 mg / hari), dan memiliki efek yang sama dengan tikus yang diobati dengan metformin 45 mg / KgBB / hari.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> Dosis tinggi ekstrak pegagan (1200 mg/KgBB/hari) memiliki efek anti-diabetes yang lebih baik dibanding dosis lain, dan memiliki efek yang sama dengan kontrol obat.</p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI:</strong> gula darah, diabetes, pegagan, Streptozotocin nicotinamide</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong> Background:</strong> <em>Centella </em>asiatica has been used for healing diabetes mellitus. The dosage of this anti diabetic effect was yet to be explored.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To examine the effect of the variation in the dosage of C. asiatica extract (whole plant) on blood glucose levels, food intake, and body weight in Streptozotocin Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty-six male Wistar rat were divided into six different groups of treatments: negative control, positive control, medication control (metformin 45 mg/KgBW/day), extract of<em> C. asiatica</em> 300 mg/KgBW/day, 600 mg/KgBW/day, 1200 mg/KgBW/day. Treatments of <em>C. asiatic</em>a extract (whole plant) and metformin was done for 28 days. Blood glucose was analyzed using the Glucose Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrina Peroxidase (GOD-PAP) before and after treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured every one week. The data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA with 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The administration of the variation in the dosage of <em>C. asiatica</em> extract and metformin significantly decrease blood glucose levels, increase body weight and improve food intake (p =0.00). Blood glucose level and food intake among high dosage of <em>C. asiatica</em> extract (whole plant) group (1200 mg/KgBW/day) is better than the low dosage group (300 mg/KgBW/day) and moderate dosage group (600 mg/KgBW/ day), and have the same effect with the rats treated with metformin 45 mg/KgBW/day.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> High dosage of <em>C. asiatica</em> extract (1200 mg/KgBW/day) had a better anti-diabetic effe than other dosages, and had the same effect with the medication control.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> blood glucose,<em> Centella asiatica,</em> diabetes, nicotinamide, Streptozotocin</p>

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