Time budget of daily activity of Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi) in disturbance habitat

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1715-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Yang ◽  
Zhang Minghai ◽  
Ma Jianzhang ◽  
Wu Ankang ◽  
Wang Shuangxi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Trachypithecus Francoisi

A Model of Students' Daily Activity Patterns

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Tomlinson ◽  
N Bullock ◽  
P Dickens ◽  
P Steadman ◽  
E Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Diary Methods ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Made In

A model is described whose purpose is to predict the distribution of students in different activities and locations during the course of a typical day, depending on the effective restrictions imposed by the spatial distribution of buildings and sites, and by administrative and social constraints on the timing of activities. The model is of an entropy-maximising type; the data against which it is tested are drawn from time budget surveys made in two universities, using diary methods. A series of exploratory experiments made with the model are reported; these are designed to test the effects of alternative planning and administrative policies on activity patterns and the use of facilities.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF THE TIME BUDGET AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF COMMON EIDER SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA DURING INCUBATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRIGORI M. TERTITSKI ◽  
EVGENY V. SEMASHKO ◽  
ALEXANDER E. CHERENKOV ◽  
VLADIMIR Y. SEMASHKO
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Common Eider ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
The Common

In the Common Eider Somateria mollissima, only females incubate the clutch over a period of 25–28 days. Determining their schedule of nest absence, how long they are away, how often, and where they go can be problematic. They must also avoid nest predation while tending to their own needs. We used geolocators to investigate the behavior of incubating females on forested islands in Dolgaya Guba Bay (65°03′N, 035°47′E), White Sea, Russia. Data were obtained for 12 females: three in 2015 and 2016, four in 2017, and two in 2018. During the entire incubation period, females left their nests for the sea 12–28 times. The average duration at sea was 331.0 ± 53.8 min, including 261.1 ± 47.9 min during the darkest hours in otherwise 24-hour daylight. The patterns are similar to those of eiders nesting in lower, nonpolar latitudes, where nights are dark.

scholarly journals Compositional data analysis for physical activity, sedentary time and sleep research

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3726-3738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Dumuid ◽  
Tyman E Stanford ◽  
Josep-Antoni Martin-Fernández ◽  
Željko Pedišić ◽  
Carol A Maher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
International Study ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Log Ratio

The health effects of daily activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary time and sleep) are widely studied. While previous research has largely examined activity behaviours in isolation, recent studies have adjusted for multiple behaviours. However, the inclusion of all activity behaviours in traditional multivariate analyses has not been possible due to the perfect multicollinearity of 24-h time budget data. The ensuing lack of adjustment for known effects on the outcome undermines the validity of study findings. We describe a statistical approach that enables the inclusion of all daily activity behaviours, based on the principles of compositional data analysis. Using data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment, we demonstrate the application of compositional multiple linear regression to estimate adiposity from children’s daily activity behaviours expressed as isometric log-ratio coordinates. We present a novel method for predicting change in a continuous outcome based on relative changes within a composition, and for calculating associated confidence intervals to allow for statistical inference. The compositional data analysis presented overcomes the lack of adjustment that has plagued traditional statistical methods in the field, and provides robust and reliable insights into the health effects of daily activity behaviours.

scholarly journals Rutting behaviour in an enclosured group of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.)

Rangifer ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilpo Kojola
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Adult Females

The rutting behaviour of wild forest reindeer {Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) was studied 1981 - 83 in a 15 ha enclosure located in Kivijärvi, Central Finland (63° N). The group consisted of two old stags, 6-9 hinds and their calves and yearlings. The main sections of the study were social structure, social signals, time budget and daily activity. In early September the aggressiveness of the stags towards females concentrated on those individuals which had last dominated them. Adult females were more aggressive to young females than to each other. The proposed aggressiveness of the hinds towards yearlings may be explained by the lower predictability of the hierarchial status of the young animals. The main character of observable social signals seemed to be similar to those described in earlier studies concerning the genus Rangifer. Stags often made snapping-like movements with their mouths during agonistic behaviour. Low-stretch displays and investigation of the urine of the females concentrated on the estrous hind during the day preceeding the pre-copulatory period (which commenced when the hind did not yet avoid the stag). The stag always sniffed at the vulva of the female after copulation. The harem stag did not stop grazing during the peak of the rut. Differences in the time budget between the dominant and subdominant stag as between estrous and anestrous hinds were clear. Mating occurred most often during the 3 hours after sundown. In the dark the old stags often sparred and their activity towards females seemed to be weaker than in the daylight hours. During the peak rut the stags were observed to spar only while the females were resting.

scholarly journals Time budget of daily activity of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
M A Akbar ◽  
D Perwitasari-Farajallah ◽  
Rizaldi ◽  
A Mardiastuti ◽  
Y Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Trachypithecus Cristatus

Abstract Primate’s time budgets are the important aspect to investigate their ecological influences in their habitat. This study collected data on daily activities in a group of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from August 2018 – July 2019, using instantaneous scan sampling method with 10-min intervals. This study analyzed the activity of wild silvery lutungs in study site, with emphasis on the age-sex differences and montly changes in their activity budget. This group spent most of time resting in their daily activity (average 47.50% of the total daytime resting), then followed by moving, feeding, grooming and other activities (conflict, nursing, urinating-defecating, playing, etc.). Resting peaked simultaneously in the morning and peaked back in the afternoon while moving and feeding decreased in this period. Their time budgets showed significant monthly variation: they spent a higher value of time feeding from September - Oktober 2018. They also differed among different sex-age classes: nursing females spent more time for actively moving, whereas adult male and single females devoted more time to resting, feeding, and grooming. These differences in their time budgets may reflect fundamental differences in reproductive biology, parental investment and development among the different age-sex classes.

POLA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DALAM KELUARGA JAMA’AH TABLIGH DI DESA BOLANG KECAMATAN DAYEUHLUHUR KABUPATEN CILACAP

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Kholid Mawardi ◽  
Cucu Nurzakiyah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
The Village

The results of the study found that the responsibility of religious education of children in the family of Tablighi Jama'ah differed in terms of several conditions, namely first, when parents were not going to khuruj where both parents were responsible for children's education; secondly, when the father goes khuruj, then the mother is responsible for everything including children's education; third, when both parents go khuruj, then the responsibility of the child is left to other family members such as grandparents or their first adult children; and fourth, when the child goes to khuruj, where parents are responsible for children's religious education both mother and father. The pattern of the religious education in the Tablighi Jama'ah family in the village of Bolang is formed from several similarities held in the implementation of religious education, one of which is the daily activity that is carried out by the Tablighi Jama'at family. Al-Qur'an becomes one of the material given to children in the ta'lim. Children are taught how to read the Qur'an and memorize short letters such as Surat al-Falaq, al-Ikhlas, and so on. In addition to al-Qur'an, in this ta'lim there is a special study in the Tablighi Jama'ah, which is reading the book of fadhilah ‘amal, and the last is mudzakarah six characteristics.

Roulette Wheel Selection based Heuristic Algorithm for the Orienteering Problem

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4127-4145
Author(s):  
Madhushi Verma ◽  
Mukul Gupta ◽  
Bijeeta Pal ◽  
Prof. K. K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Triangle Inequality ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Hamiltonian Path ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Orienteering Problem ◽  
Complete Graphs ◽  
Roulette Wheel Selection ◽  
Roulette Wheel

Orienteering problem (OP) is an NP-Hard graph problem. The nodes of the graph are associated with scores or rewards and the edges with time delays. The goal is to obtain a Hamiltonian path connecting the two necessary check points, i.e. the source and the target along with a set of control points such that the total collected score is maximized within a specified time limit. OP finds application in several fields like logistics, transportation networks, tourism industry, etc. Most of the existing algorithms for OP can only be applied on complete graphs that satisfy the triangle inequality. Real-life scenario does not guarantee that there exists a direct link between all control point pairs or the triangle inequality is satisfied. To provide a more practical solution, we propose a stochastic greedy algorithm (RWS_OP) that uses the roulette wheel selectionmethod, does not require that the triangle inequality condition is satisfied and is capable of handling both complete as well as incomplete graphs. Based on several experiments on standard benchmark data we show that RWS_OP is faster, more efficient in terms of time budget utilization and achieves a better performance in terms of the total collected score ascompared to a recently reported algorithm for incomplete graphs.

Leading with Pedagogical Tact- a Challenge in Children's Sports in Sweden

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krister Hertting
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Youth Politics ◽  
Pedagogical Tact ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Voluntary Commitment

Leading with Pedagogical Tact- a Challenge in Children's Sports in Sweden The purpose of this article is to elucidate and problemize meetings between children and leaders in children's sport. The competitive sport is high valuated in the Swedish society and sport for children is central in the Swedish youth politics. The foundation in Swedish sport, as well as in the other Nordic countries, has for a long time relied on voluntary commitment. Approximately 650 000 people are voluntary engaged as leaders in sport in Sweden and 70% of children between 7 and 14 years compete in sports clubs. There is, however, a tension in the Swedish sport system. The sports for children has double missions - ‘association nurturing’ and ‘competition nurturing’, missions which are not always in harmony. In the daily activity it is the voluntary leaders who have to deal with these missions, which creates a field of tension. In this article I argue for a bridge between these missions by a leadership based on pedagogical tact. The empirical outlook is a narrative based on statements from leaders, children and parents in a study dealing with voluntary leadership within children's football. In the end I argue that focusing on this bridge is a win-win situation, both for children and sports.

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