Integrated Weed Management Through Tillage and Herbicides for Wheat Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern Pakistan

The authors discuss the importance of wheat as a global food source and describe a novel multi-institutional, public-private partnership between Colorado State University, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, and private chemical and seed companies that resulted in the development of a new herbicide-resistant wheat production system.

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A “Stressed” Alfalfa-Based Cropping System Leads to the Selection of Quizalofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00193.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 683-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Collavo ◽

Silvia Panozzo ◽

Antonio Allegri ◽

Maurizio Sattin

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Ester ◽

Seed Production ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Forage Production ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Quizalofop Ethyl ◽

Selection Of

Italian ryegrass populations investigated in this study were harvested in an alfalfa-based cropping system. In that system, the agronomic practices and chemical weed management, based on the use of aryloxyphenoxy-propionates herbicides (i.e., quizalofop ethyl ester), were optimized to obtain a dual seed–forage production. Five of seven populations tested were confirmed resistant to quizalofop ethyl ester with resistance indexes ranging from 4.5 to >209. Both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were most likely involved. Three allelic variants were detected (Ile-1781–Leu, Trp-2027–Cys, and Ile-2041–Asn) in four resistant populations, whereas no known mutations were found in one resistant population. The herbicide treatment on Italian ryegrass plants at different phenological stages suggested that to control regrowth, it is necessary to use two to fives times the herbicide dose suitable for younger plants. This situation is encountered in fields when Italian ryegrass plants need to be controlled to maximize the alfalfa seed production, and it is comparable to using a sublethal herbicide dose, leading to the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. In such a situation, the cropping system is not sustainable, and integrated weed management should be implemented to deplete the soil weed seed bank and prevent new weed seed production.

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Integrated weed management-A strategy for sustainable wheat production - A review

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.5958/j.0976-0741.34.4.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 243 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bhagat Singh ◽

A.K. Dhaka ◽

R.K. Pannu ◽

Satish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Wheat Production

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Weed response and crop growth in winter wheat–lucerne intercropping: a comparison of conventional and reduced soil-tillage conditions in northern France

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Barilli ◽

M.-H. Jeuffroy ◽

J. Gall ◽

S. de Tourdonnet ◽

S. Médiène

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Living Mulch ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Weed Communities

Changing agricultural practices from conventional to conservation tillage generally leads to increased weed populations and herbicide use. To gain information about the possible use of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cover crop as an alternative and sustainable weed-control strategy for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was performed at Thiverval-Grignon, France, from 2008 to 2010. We compared conventional and reduced tillage as well as the presence and absence of living mulch (i.e. lucerne) on weeds and wheat production. Percentage soil coverage and aboveground biomass of wheat, lucerne and weeds were measured at the end of grain filling. Weed communities were analysed in terms of composition and diversity. During both seasons, wheat biomass did not significantly decrease in reduced-till trials compared with conventional ones (7.0 and 7.2 t ha–1, respectively, in 2008–09; 6.9 and 7.1 t ha–1 in 2009–10). Regardless of soil management, the percentage soil coverage by wheat significantly decreased when it was intercropped, although wheat biomass was not significantly reduced compared with the sole crop. To minimise cash-crop losses, we studied the competition between wheat, lucerne and weeds, testing various herbicide strategies. Early control of lucerne allowed better balance between weed control and wheat development. In addition, weed communities varied among treatments in terms of abundance and composition, being reduced but more varied in plots associated with lucerne. A functional group analysis showed that grasses benefited from reduced-till conditions, whereas problematic weeds such as annuals with creeping and climbing morphologies were substantially reduced. In addition, annual and perennial broad-leaf species with rosette morphology were also significantly decreased when lucerne was used as living mulch. Wheat production in reduced-till conditions intercropped with lucerne living mulch may be useful for integrated weed management, reducing the need for herbicides.

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Weed supression by smother crops and selective herbicides

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000100004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Francisco José Severino ◽

Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Weed Management ◽

Green Manure ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Cropping System ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Weed Species ◽

Arachis Pintoi

Using a smother crop is thought to suppress weed density and to add other beneficial effects in sustainable agricultural systems. Weed suppression ought to be considered an essential component of integrated weed management. However, very little is known about the effects of green manure plants on weeds. This study evaluated the influence of three green manure species on weed suppression and selectivity of herbicides. A field experiment was designed to determine the effect of the green manure species Crotalaria juncea, Arachis pintoi and pigeon pea on the weeds Brachiaria decumbens, guineagrass and hairy beggarticks, and on the natural weed infestation in the inter rows area of an avocado orchard. The weed species were suppressed differently by each green manure species. Soil samples collected from the field experiment presented a residual effect, of at least 30 d, in suppressing weed seed bank recruitment; this residual effect was caused by the residues of the green manure present in the soil. When the green manure was incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil or left on the surface, in a greenhouse experiment, the emergence of weed seeds was significantly inhibited, depending on the species, and on the amount and depth of green manure incorporation. Greenhouse experiments indicate that pre-emergence herbicides cause lower phytotoxicity than post-emergence Arachis pintoi. Smother crops using green manure species, when well established in an area, provide additional weed control to the cropping system and are effective and valuable tools in integrated weed management.

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Influence of annual forages on weed dynamics in a cropping system

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p98-098 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 187-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Allison Schoofs ◽

Martin H. Entz

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Community Composition ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Weed Dynamics

Alternatives to herbicides are needed for weed control. Field studies were conducted in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 to investigate the nature of forage crop-weed dynamics and to test the effect of single year forage crops on the density and community composition of annual weeds in a following field pea (Pisium sativum L.) test crop. Five spring-seeded forage treatments were compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain crops (with or without herbicides for grassy and broadleaved weeds): winter triticale (Triticosecale) (simulation grazed); spring triticale (silage); spring/winter triticale intercrop (silage, then simulation grazed); alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (hay); sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × Sorghum sudanese [Piper]) (hay); and a weedy fallow (silage). A fall rye (Secale cereale L.) grain crop and a sweet clover (Melilotis officinalis L.)/winter triticale double crop (hay, then simulation grazing) were included in the 1995/1996 trial. All forage systems were at least as effective as the sprayed wheat control in suppressing wild oat (Avena fatua L.); however, effects on other weeds, especially broadleaved species, were variable. Biennial crops provided the best early season weed control, while long-season systems such winter triticale and the triticale intercrop provided the best late season weed control. Forages shifted the weed community composition away from wild oat and green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) to a similar or greater extent than herbicide-treated wheat. Forage systems that did not provide season-long crop competition tended to have more broadleaved weeds. Some forage systems increased pea grain yield the following year (relative to the sprayed wheat control); however, forages alone did not eliminate the need for herbicides in the pea crop. Annual forages may play an important role in integrated weed management, especially for wild oat, however further research to refine forage-based weed management systems is needed. Key words: Integrated weed management, alfalfa, intercropping, double cropping, organic farming

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A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps18-12.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 56-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Carroll Johnson

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Organic Production ◽

Integrated System ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Peanut Production ◽

Certified Organic ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

ABSTRACT Organic peanut production is a high-risk cropping system, largely due to difficulties in managing weeds using methods acceptable for certified-organic production. In contrast with conventional peanut production that relies heavily on synthetic herbicides, organic peanut production must use an integrated system to manage weeds. The foundation for an integrated weed management system is cultural weed control which is a system of production practices that promote uniform peanut growth to suppress weeds. Cultural weed control includes practices that promote vigorous early-season peanut growth and lessen chances for weed escapes. Mechanical weed control is based on repeated cultivation using a tine weeder and sweep cultivator to control weeds before they emerge. However, weed control consistency from cultivation is affected by rainfall that can delay scheduled cultivations and hinder implement function. Handweeding is also a form of mechanical weed control that is used to supplement other weed control efforts by controlling escapes. Herbicides derived from natural products and thermal weed control using propane flaming have limited value in organic peanut production due to limited weed control spectra, specifically poor control of annual grasses and perennial weeds. Successful weed management in certified organic peanut production will depend on an integrated system, not a single form of weed control.

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Integrated Weed Management: The Rationale and Approach

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00027512 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 657-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 234

Author(s):

Clarence J. Swanton ◽

Stephan F. Weise

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Cropping System ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Major Influence ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

The Government

A growing awareness of environmental issues in Canada has had a major influence on government policies. An initiative was launched by the government of Ontario to promote research toward the development of an integrated weed management (IWM) system. Research in IWM must take all aspects of the cropping system into consideration and evolve in a progressive manner. This approach must encompass the role of conservation tillage, knowledge of the critical period of weed interference, alternative methods of weed control, enhancement of crop competitiveness, modeling of crop-weed interference, influence of crop rotation and seed bank dynamics, and education and extension of the findings. The complexity involved in addressing these issues requires a multi-disciplinary approach.

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U.S. Grower Views on Problematic Weeds and Changes in Weed Pressure in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn, Cotton, and Soybean Cropping Systems

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-040.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 162-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Greg R. Kruger ◽

William G. Johnson ◽

Stephen C. Weller ◽

Micheal D. K. Owen ◽

David R. Shaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

The State ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Management Tactics

Corn and soybean growers in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, Nebraska, and North Carolina, as well as cotton growers in Mississippi and North Carolina, were surveyed about their views on changes in problematic weeds and weed pressure in cropping systems based on a glyphosate-resistant (GR) crop. No growers using a GR cropping system for more than 5 yr reported heavy weed pressure. Over all cropping systems investigated (continuous GR soybean, continuous GR cotton, GR corn/GR soybean, GR soybean/non-GR crop, and GR corn/non-GR crop), 0 to 7% of survey respondents reported greater weed pressure after implementing rotations using GR crops, whereas 31 to 57% felt weed pressure was similar and 36 to 70% indicated that weed pressure was less. Pigweed, morningglory, johnsongrass, ragweed, foxtail, and velvetleaf were mentioned as their most problematic weeds, depending on the state and cropping system. Systems using GR crops improved weed management compared with the technologies used before the adoption of GR crops. However, the long-term success of managing problematic weeds in GR cropping systems will require the development of multifaceted integrated weed management programs that include glyphosate as well as other weed management tactics.

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Integrated weed management on the processing tomato crop and tomato for consumption in natura

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/952016285 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. O. Castro ◽

S. D. Cavalieri ◽

M. P. Santos ◽

A. Golynski ◽

A. R. Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Control Measure ◽

Cropping System ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Preventive Control ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Single Method

Weeds cause direct and indirect damage to processing tomato and tomato for consumption in natura. The coexistence period is decisive for the intensity of damage, although the economic cost is also considered for decision making when to control the weeds. There are similarities between processing tomato and tomato for consumption in natura cropping system and peculiarities. This causes the management has adopted its common applications and its variables within each system. As control alternative, the farmer has basically the preventive control, mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical. The application of a single method is not recommended. Ideally, the methods needs to be integrated in order to combat weeds, highly evolved populations and resistant to unfavorable conditions. Consider weed management taking only one control measure is to underestimate the evolutionary ability of such species. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the various methods available to the weed interference not impede the tomato production.

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