scholarly journals Epistemology of Experimental Physics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Mills Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
Made In

This Element introduces major issues in the epistemology of experimental physics through discussion of canonical physics experiments and some that have not yet received much philosophical attention. The primary challenge is to make sense of how physicists justify crucial decisions made in the course of empirical research. Judging a result as epistemically significant or as calling for further technical scrutiny of the equipment is one important context of such decisions. Judging whether the instrument has been calibrated, and which data should be included in the analysis are others. To what extent is it possible to offer philosophical analysis, systematization, and prescriptions regarding such decisions? To what extent can there be explicit epistemic justification for them? The primary aim of this Element is to show how a nuanced understanding of science in practice informs an epistemology of experimental physics that avoids strong social constructivism.

scholarly journals Información mecanística en la evaluación de riesgos. Una aproximación desde las explicaciones basadas en mecanismos

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan B. Bengoetxea ◽  
José L. Luján ◽  
Oliver Todt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Information Risk ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Made In

RESUMENDesde la década pasada, en la evaluación de riesgos se ha propuesto utilizar la información mecanística con un doble propósito: seleccionar guías de inferencia y realizar extrapolaciones inter-químicas para establecer categorías de tóxicos. En este trabajo se utilizan aportaciones procedentes del análisis filosófico de las explicaciones mecanísticas para analizar el concepto de información mecanística utilizado en la evaluación de riesgos. Categorizamos la información mecanística de los modos de acción en términos de explicaciones etiológicas que emplean bosquejos de mecanismos. El grado de detalle que ha de incorporar la información mecanística en la evaluación de riesgos dependerá, entre otros factores, de consideraciones pragmáticas respecto del uso posterior de dicha información.PALABRAS CLAVEINFORMACIÓN MECANÍSTICA, EVAVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS, MODELO, BOSQUEJO, EXPLICACIÓN.ABSTRACTSince the 2000s, in risk assessment studies it is usual to use mechanistic information with a double aim: to select inference guidelines and to make inter-chemical extrapolations to categorize toxics. Here, we use the contributions made in philosophical analysis of mechanistic explanations to analyze the concept of mechanistic information used in the risk assessment. We classify mechanistic information, specifically that concerning modes of action, in terms of etiological explanations employing sketches of mechanisms. The grade of the details that mechanistic information must incorporate to risk assessment depends on, among other factors, pragmatic considerations on the further use of such information.KEYWORDSMECHANISTIC INFORMATION, RISK ASSESSMENT, MODEL, SKETCH, EXPLANATION.

Talking Up Country: Language, Natureculture and Interculture in Australian Environmental Education Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Philosophical Argument ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Interface ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Made In

AbstractAustralia is an old continent with an immensely long history of human settlement. The argument made in this paper is that Australia is, and has always been, a natureculture. Just as English was introduced as the dominant language of education with European colonisation, so arrived an ontological premise that linguistically divides a categorised nature from culture and human from “the” environment. Drawing on published work from the Australian tropics, this paper employs a socionature approach to make a philosophical argument for a more nuanced understanding of language, the cultural interface and contemporary moves towards interculture in Australian environmental education practice.

scholarly journals Kewenangan Notaris dalam Pembuatan Akta Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Perseroan Terbatas di Kabupaten Badung

Acta Comitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Karina Diantari
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Empirical Research Methods ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Made In

General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), in principle, is made in the form of an original deed carried out in front of a notary or included in the meeting minutes in the form of a deed under the hand wherein the deed is converted into an authentic deed. This study uses empirical research methods by conducting interviews with Notaries based on their experience in making the statement deed, so the formulation of the problem made to limit and make more focus in conducting research is about the notary's responsibility in making deeds related to the general meeting of shareholders, as well as reviewing aspects of protection obtained by a notary public regarding the deed. The conclusion obtained from the research is that according to Article 15 of Act Number 2 of 2014 concerning Notary Position, a Notary has the authority to make Deed of Decision of Limited General Meeting of Shareholders and will be an authentic deed if made in the form of a notarial deed called Decree of Decision General Meeting of Shareholders. Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS), pada pokoknua dibuat dalam bentuk akta asli yang dibuat didepan seorang notaris atau disertakan pada notulensi rapat berupa akta dibawah tangan dimana selanjutnya akta tersebut diubah menjadi akta otentik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris dengan cara melakukan wawancara kepada Notaris berdasarkan pengalamannya dalam membuat akta pernyataan tersebut dengan demikian rumusan masalah yang dibuat untuk membatasi dan membuat lebih fokus dalam pelaksanaan penelitian adalah mengenai tanggung jawab notaris dalam hal pembuatan akta terkait dengan rapat umum pemegang saham, serta mengkaji aspek perlindungan yang diperoleh seorang notaris terkait pembuatan akta tersebut. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah bahwa menurut Pasal 15 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris,  Notaris mempunyai kewenangan dalam membuat Akta Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat Umum Pemegang SahamPerseroan Terbatas dan akan menjadi akta otentik jika dibuat kedalam bentuk akta notariil yang disebut Akta Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham.

Studentischer Radikalismus: Politische Sozialisation oder Generationskonflikt? / Student Radicalism: Political Socialization or Conflict of Generations? Vorschlag zur Relativierung der Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung über studentischen Protest aufgrund einer Sekundäranalyse / Proposal to relativize the results of a study on student protest due to a secondary analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Sahner
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Student Protest ◽  
Social Decisions ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Politische Sozialisation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Made In

AbstractAccording to a widespread understanding of science, theories cannot be empirically founded, but rather require methodologically regulated social decisions which should be confronted with continuous criticism (critical rationalism). In the field of the empirically-oriented social sciences, the validity of theories is not determined within a competitive „scientific community“ but rather on an highly individual basis. One possibility to satisfy the meta-theoretical postulate of intersubjective control, that is to intensify criticism and to come to social decisions about theories, is seen in the method of secondary analysis. An attempt to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach shall be made in a critical discussion of several hypotheses presented by Klaus Allerbeck in his study „Zur Soziologie radikaler Studentenbewegungen“. The results of (a) an immanent critique and (b) a secondary analysis lead to a reformulation of Allerbeck’s conclusions. Finally the uncritical reception of Allerbeck’s study is discussed and an attempt is made to integrate the seemingly conflicting results.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Social Constructivism in Political Science: Past to Present

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401983270
Author(s):  
Hoyoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
International Relation ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

This article aims to illuminate how social constructivism has evolved as a mainstream international relation (IR) paradigm within a short period of time. To be specific, I navigated core tenets of constructivism in terms of its ontology, epistemology, and methodology, respectively. I also explored the growing body of constructivist empirical research and ensuing theoretical refinement as well as the strengths and weaknesses of a constructivist approach. Through these discussions, this article argues that constructivist approaches, since its emergence, have hugely contributed to the development of the study of IRs, providing novel insights and distinct ways of understanding of social and international reality with its own added value, by focusing on the role of ideas, identity, and norms in shaping state preferences and world politics.

scholarly journals Secret Government

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kogelmann
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Made In

Among politicians and policy-makers it is almost universally assumed that more transparency in government is better. Until now, philosophers have almost completely ignored the topic of transparency, and when it is discussed there seems to be an assumption (shared with politicians and policy-makers) that increased transparency is a good thing, which results in no serious attempt to justify it. In this book Brian Kogelmann shows that the standard narrative is false and that many arguments in defence of transparency are weak. He offers a comprehensive philosophical analysis of transparency in government, examining both abstract normative defences of transparency, and transparency's role in the theory of institutional design. His book shows that even when the arguments in favour of transparency are compelling, the costs associated with it are just as forceful as the original arguments themselves, and that strong arguments can be made in defence of more opaque institutions.

scholarly journals The Role of Notary and PPAT in Making Inheritance Deed for Non-Muslim Heirs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adri Aulia Rahman ◽  
Shalim HS ◽  
Muhaimin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
Made In

The problem of inheritance is still a complex matter in Indonesia. In general, the transfer of inheritance is carried out in several ways, namely inheritance, grant and will. Provisions regarding inheritance are regulated in the Civil Code, KHI and various jurisprudences which can be used as a foundation. In carrying out the distribution of inheritance is also inseparable from the role of Notary and PPAT which by Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position and Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning PPAT Position Regulations, the regulation is given the authority to make deeds. The method used in the study is the empirical research method. In order to find out the position of non-Muslim heirs in Islamic inheritance, and to find out how the role of Notary and PPAT and the form of deed made in the distribution of the inheritance.

scholarly journals Globalization Vs. Territorial Markets: Selling Typical Products On The Internet

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Andreini
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
International Markets ◽  
International Management ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Virtual Business ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Made In

Technology, and most of all Internet, is considered the most important tool for the ongoing economic globalization process, allowing the commercialization of standardized products on a large international scale (Levitt, 1983). Internet is also the real opportunity for micro companies to reach foreign markets at affordable costs (Hoffman and Novak, 1996).This paper focuses on the case of sales of gastronomic typical products on the Internet, probably one of the best e-commerce applications. In fact, no any other old goods can suit so naturally to the virtual market as typical products do. Two are the fundamental characteristics of typical, made in products: first of all, they have to be specialty goods, differentiated from their competitors; then they have to be regional goods, that means having deep roots in their original territory. In the second part of the paper it will be interpreted how typical products find in Internet the way to valorize their local and regional diversities on international markets: this way Internet has reversed the famous international management postulate think global, act local into a new one: think local, act global. Moreover, a partial empirical research about Italian companies selling gastronomic products on the Internet will be illustrated in order to verify quantitatively and qualitatively the state of art of this virtual business.

scholarly journals From the traditional philosophy of science towards the contemporary philosophy of science

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-35
Author(s):  
Svetozar Sindjelic
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Drastic Change ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Traditional Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Revolution

The aim of this paper is to present the character and reason of the drastic change in the understanding of science that happened in the twentieth century. To do this, author describes the main points of the traditional philosophy of science: then, he argues that reason of the revolution in the philosophy of science used to be the careful philosophical analysis of the great scientific revolutions from 1905. Finally, he concludes that the consequence of mentioned analysis was a number of antagonistic views being the contemporary philosophy of science. To give a monolitic and integral presentment of this philosophy, author enumerated and explained the points shared by the majority of contemporary philosophers of science. In brief, he describes the traditional philosophy of science, the reasons of its fall, and the main tenets of the contemporary philosophy of science.

scholarly journals Everyday encounters with difference in urban parks: forging ‘openness to otherness’ in segmenting cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Barker ◽  
Adam Crawford ◽  
Nathan Booth ◽  
David Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Cultural Differentiation ◽  
Social Polarisation ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

AbstractIn a context of hyper-diversity and social polarisation, it has been suggested that public parks constitute crucial arenas in which to safeguard deliberative democracy and foster social relations that bind loosely connected strangers. Drawing on empirical research, we offer a more circumspect and nuanced understanding of the – nonetheless vital – role that parks can play in fostering civic norms that support the capacity for living with difference. As ‘spaces apart’, parks have distinctive atmospheres that afford opportunities for convivial encounters in which ‘indifference to difference’ underpins ‘openness to otherness’. As places in which difference is rendered routine and unremarkable, the potency of parks for social cohesion derives from fleeting and unanticipated interactions and the weak ties they promote, rather than strong bonds of community that tend to solidify lines of cultural differentiation. Both by design and unintentionally, regulation and law can serve to foster or constrain the conditions that sustain conviviality.

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