scholarly journals Disrupting Cultures of Harassment in Archaeology: Social-Environmental and Trauma-Informed Approaches to Disciplinary Transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disciplinary Culture ◽  
Environmental Model ◽  
Exclusionary Practices ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Social Environmental

This article is the second in a two-part series that analyzes current research on harassment in archaeology. Both qualitative and quantitative studies, along with activist narratives and survivor testimonials, have established that harassment is occurring in archaeology at epidemic rates. These studies have also identified key patterns in harassment in archaeology that point to potential interventions that may prevent harassment, support survivors, and hold perpetrators accountable. This article reviews five key obstacles to change in the disciplinary culture of archaeology: normalization, exclusionary practices, fraternization, gatekeeping, and obstacles to reporting. Two public health paradigms—the social-environmental model and trauma-informed approaches—are used to identify interventions that can be taken at all levels of archaeological practice: individual, relational, organizational, community, and societal.

scholarly journals The generative relationship between job quality, innovation, and employment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186
Author(s):  
Christopher Mathieu ◽  
Susanne Boethius
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners

Recent qualitative and quantitative research on the interrelationships between innovation, job quality and employment shows a strong association between job quality and product, process, and to a lesser extent organizational innovation. This is theorized as the interaction of two systems – job quality and innovation systems. Increased employment and improved job quality are found to result from innovation, while specific employment dimensions are found to impact innovation and job quality. Much of the evidence for this recursive interaction between innovation, job quality and employment derives from qualitative and quantitative studies carried out under the Horizon 2020 project QuInnE that specifically targeted these interrelations for analysis. Findings largely support the skill-biased technical change thesis, leading to the conclusion that while innovation tends to improve job quality, it will exacerbate societal inequalities. Strong evidence is also presented from several studies that higher innovation results from higher job quality, in line with previous research. None of these relationships are found to operate in a deterministic manner, and the actions of management, workers and the social partners play important mediating roles.

scholarly journals The impact of J. D. Bernal’s thoughts in the science of science upon China: Implications for today’s quantitative studies of science

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Jian Du ◽  
Yishan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Science Of Science ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Science Planning

John Desmond Bernal (1901–1970) was one of the most eminent scientists in molecular biology and is also regarded as the founding father of the science of science. His book The social function of science laid the theoretical foundations for the discipline. In this article, we summarize four chief characteristics of his ideas in the science of science: the sociohistorical perspective, theoretical models, qualitative and quantitative approaches, and studies of science planning and policy. China has constantly reformed its scientific and technological system based on research evidence of the science of science. Therefore, we analyze the impact of Bernal’s science-of-science thoughts on the development of China’s science of science, and discuss how they might be usefully taken still further in quantitative studies of science.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Complex Social, Environmental, and Behavioral Factors on Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Hammad Akram ◽  
Gohar Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Asif Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is a prominent global phenomenon of this century related to the several chronic diseases and associated mortality. Social determinants and environmental factors could play an important role among humans in the adoption of certain behaviors leading to the obesity and related health issues. This makes obesity a complex public health issue dependent on several physiological, pathobiological and psychological phenomena. This manuscript is an attempt to examine the complex interrelationship between the social environment, social determinants, and behavioral factors and their role in the development of the adverse health outcomes. The article also describes a few examples examining the impact of selected public health interventions on behavioral modifications among study samples/populations that could lead to the healthier lifestyles and decrease in obesity.

A Tale of Two Cultures

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Goertz ◽  
James Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Worldview ◽  
Different Cultures

Some in the social sciences argue that the same logic applies to both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This book demonstrates that these two paradigms constitute different cultures, each internally coherent yet marked by contrasting norms, practices, and toolkits. The book identifies and discusses major differences between these two traditions that touch nearly every aspect of social science research, including design, goals, causal effects and models, concepts and measurement, data analysis, and case selection. Although focused on the differences between qualitative and quantitative research, the book also seeks to promote toleration, exchange, and learning by enabling scholars to think beyond their own culture and see an alternative scientific worldview. The book is written in an easily accessible style and features a host of real-world examples to illustrate methodological points.

Cases of social innovations implemented in the public health sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1600-1621
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Subject. The article discusses medical and demographic processes in Russia and Finland. Objectives. I evaluate cases of social innovations implemented for the preservation and strengthening of public health in Finland under the auspices of The Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods. Methodologically, the study relies upon the ideology of the GDB Project, which rests on the DALY (the Disability Adjusted Life Year). Results. I analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates, DALY in Russia and Finland, determined what mainly triggers the risk (environmental, behavioral, metabolic) fueling some public health degradation. The article provides the insight into the efficiency of some social innovations implemented in Finland and suggests what should be done to outline medical and demographic programs in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. The medical and demographic situation in Russia requires new tools to find innovative solutions for the social policy and, inter alia, the use of the GBD technique, which proved to be effective. Referring to evidence from Finland, demographic challenges in Russian can be handled through a systems approach, i.e. socio-economic actions, improvement of the healthcare and social security, wellness propaganda.

COGNITIVE MODELING AS A METHOD TO CONTROL MIGRATION TEMPERATURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Oleg Patlasov ◽  
Oleg Luchko ◽  
Svetlana Mukhametdinova
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Expert Assessments

The research describes one of the approaches to designing a productive mechanism for migration temperature control considering it as an integral qualitative and quantitative indicator of the social and economic problems level associated with migration processes. The analysis of various approaches to studying migration processes impact on socioeconomic situation in recipient countries has been carried out. Some cognitive models have been developed basing on the questionnaire results’ analysis, expert assessments, statistical data. A series of simulation experiments have been carried out using software specially developed to automate the cognitive modeling processes.In the course of our experiments, some changes in the target factor. i.e., in migration temperature, have been detected as a result from different intensity impulses impacting on individual controlling factors. Within the developed models framework, several proposals have been put forward concerning the productive mechanism for migration temperature control.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Play ◽  
The World ◽  
Right Wing Populism

This section contends with a central irony: Americans are among the most competitive people in the world, and yet we are among the least likely to play competitive sports in adulthood. This exercise gap is usually treated as a public health problem; the goal of this section is to treat it as a social and cultural concern. The conclusion therefore investigates the social and political implications of an American tendency to outsource physical play to experts: higher levels of fear, increased preoccupation with success at all costs, decreased creativity, and increasing rigidity of perspective and position. Specifically, the conclusion maintains that a neglect of fair play has dire consequences for democracy, a suggestion born out by the recent swing toward right-wing populism in politics.

scholarly journals Are Norwegian Municipality policies enabling intersectoral collaboration in migration health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nordström ◽  
B Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Intersectoral Action ◽  
The Social

Abstract Issue Sporadic accounts of initiatives, interventions and good practices in Migrant Health at the Municipality level account for Norways' lower score on “Measures to achieve change” in the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). While the structure and organization at the municipality level should enable intersectoral action (as all under one umbrella), the municipal counties say lack of intersectoral collaboration is one of the main barriers for long-term public health work. Description of the Problem 51 municipalities have an immigrant population larger than the national average 17,8% (2019). In a recent Country Assessment (part of Joint Action on Health Equity Europe), limited inter-sectoral action on the social determinants of health including migration was observed. Although multiple agencies are engaged in attempts to address these issues. While there is a drive to promote public health and primary health care in municipalities, these initiatives do not pay special attention to migrants. In the first stage of this project, we have reviewed municipal policy documents to map policy and measures on public health, migrant health and intersectoral collaboration. In the second stage, municipalities will be contacted to engage them in the implementation of intersectoral actions. Results The desk review and mapping show that only 8 of the “top” 32 municipalities mention “intersectoral” in the municipal master plan (5 were not available online), its mentioned in 9 action program/budgets, but not necessarily by the same municipalities. 15 of the municipalities mention migrants, but rarely in relation to health. We observe that, the size of the municipality, financial resources and support from the County are factors that may play a significant role in prioritising migrant health and intersectoral collaboration. Lessons Advocating for and supporting the local/municipal level for intersectoral action is highly relevant, timely and essential. Key messages Intersectoral action on the social determinants of migrants’ health needs to be implemented through municipal policies to reduce inequities in migrants’ health. Implementation on the local level is the main arena for good public health work and is crucial to ensure good health for migrants.

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