scholarly journals Empirical Law and Economics Scholarship in China: Methodologies and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoying CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Law And Economics ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Empirical Law ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Analyze Data

AbstractProviding a survey of empirical law and economics scholarship in China, this paper shows the binary categories of quantitative versus qualitative studies are inadequate. Instead, two paths for future research in empirical law and economics in China are identified, namely studies based upon individual cases and studies that apply social scientific tools to analyze data, such as statistical and experimental tools. This paper also emphasizes the unique value of empirical law and economics for Chinese scholars in the increasingly globalized academic world.

scholarly journals A meta-ethnographic study of fathers’ experiences of caring for a child with a life-limiting illness

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921632097915
Author(s):  
Gianina-Ioana Postavaru ◽  
Helen Swaby ◽  
Rabbi Swaby
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Limiting Condition

Background: There is a growing body of qualitative studies examining parents’ experiences of caring for a child with a life-limiting condition, coinciding with recent evidence that indicates an increasing incidence of paediatric life-limiting conditions. However, research focusing on fathers’ needs remains sparse and is often diluted among a predominant ‘mother’s voice’, raising questions about whether practices in clinical settings meet fathers’ needs. Aim: To provide an in-depth assembly of the current state of knowledge around fathers’ experiences of caring for their children diagnosed with life-limiting conditions and understand the implications for healthcare services and policies. Design: A meta-ethnography was conducted to synthesise findings from existing qualitative studies exploring fathers’ experiences of caring. Data sources: Four electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Science Direct) were searched up until April 2020. Qualitative studies exploring fathers’ care experience and published in English language were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was employed for study quality appraisal. No temporal limits were used. Results: Sixty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty life-limiting conditions were included. Based on responses from 496 fathers, a conceptual model was developed which translates key experiences within the fathers’ caregiving journeys. The overarching concepts identified were: the paradox of support, challenges in the caring process, ‘nobody thinks of men’, impact on family life and the fall of the curtain: an irrevocably altered world. These and associated sub-concepts are discussed, with recommendations for future research and practice provided. Conclusion: The findings indicate the value of a family-oriented approach to develop psychosocial interventions and support channels for fathers, thus empowering them whilst reducing the care-giving burden on the family unit.

scholarly journals Perception of Gamblers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Wöhr ◽  
Marius Wuketich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

AbstractIt is generally assumed that gamblers, and particularly people with gambling problems (PG), are affected by negative perception and stigmatisation. However, a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the perception of gamblers has not yet been carried out. This article therefore summarises empirical evidence on the perception of gamblers and provides directions for future research. A systematic literature review based on the relevant guidelines was carried out searching three databases. The databases Scopus, PubMed and BASE were used to cover social scientific knowledge, medical-psychological knowledge and grey literature. A total of 48 studies from 37 literature references was found. The perspective in these studies varies: Several studies focus on the perception of gamblers by the general population, by subpopulations (e. g. students or social workers), or by gamblers on themselves. The perspective on recreational gamblers is hardly an issue. A strong focus on persons with gambling problems is symptomatic of the gambling discourse. The analysis of the studies shows that gambling problems are thought to be rather concealable, whereas the negative effects on the concerned persons‘ lives are rated to be quite substantial. PG are described as “irresponsible” and “greedy” while they perceive themselves as “stupid” or “weak”. Only few examples of open discrimination are mentioned. Several studies however put emphasis on the stereotypical way in which PG are portrayed in the media, thus contributing to stigmatisation. Knowledge gaps include insights from longitudinal studies, the influence of respondents‘ age, culture and sex on their views, the relevance of the type of gambling a person is addicted to, and others. Further studies in these fields are needed.

Racial and Political Dynamics of an Approaching “Majority-Minority” United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 677 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Craig ◽  
Julian M. Rucker ◽  
Jennifer A. Richeson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Projected Changes

Do demographic shifts in the racial composition of the United States promote positive changes in the nation’s racial dynamics? Change in response to the nation’s growing diversity is likely, but its direction and scope are less clear. This review integrates emerging social-scientific research that examines how Americans are responding to the projected changes in the racial/ethnic demographics of the United States. Specifically, we review recent empirical research that examines how exposure to information that the United States is becoming a “majority-minority” nation affects racial attitudes and several political outcomes (e.g., ideology, policy preferences), and the psychological mechanisms that give rise to those attitudes. We focus primarily on the reactions of members of the current dominant racial group (i.e., white Americans). We then consider important implications of these findings and propose essential questions for future research.

Father’s Bonding With an Infant Born Prematurely: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110029
Author(s):  
Nisreen Alnuaimi ◽  
Audrey Tluczek
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Foster Father ◽  
The Relationship

There is no current theory that explains the process of a fathers’ bonding with their infants born prematurely. Through meta-synthesis of 19 qualitative studies, we developed a conceptual framework to illustrate how fathers perceive the relationship with their premature infant formed over the first 18 months of life. It details the contextual factors that contribute to that process. Findings reveal a complex process comprised of five stages, derived from five core themes and related subthemes. Fathers progress through five sequential stages to establish their role as fathers and form emotional connections with their child. Stages include: (a) feeling alien and lacking emotional connection to the infant, (b) caregiving engagement and claiming the role as a father, (c) claiming the infant as their own, (d) adjusting to having the infant home, and (5) normalizing family life. This conceptual framework can inform future research and clinical interventions designed to foster father−infant bonding.

Adolescent Girls’ Perceptions of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Méabh Corr ◽  
Jennifer McSharry ◽  
Elaine M. Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
Competing Priorities

Objective: To synthesize evidence from qualitative studies relating to adolescent girls’ perceptions of physical activity participation. The protocol for this review is registered with PROSPERO (ID no. CRD42017054944). Data Source: PubMed, Sports Discus, Academic Search Complete, and Education Resources Information Centre. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies reporting qualitative data that explored the views/opinions/perceptions of adolescent girls (>12 and <18 years old) published between 2001 and 2016 were included. Studies not in English, those focusing on school physical education or specific sports, and those including special populations were excluded. Extraction: Study characteristics and results were extracted to a form developed by the authors and managed using NVivo 10 (QSR International’s NVivo 10 software). Data were extracted by 1 reviewer, and a sample (25%) was checked by a second reviewer. Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a thematic network and managed using NVivo 10. The validity of the included studies was assessed using the “Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2018)” checklist. The ENTREQ and PRISMA statement was followed when reporting this qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 1818 studies identified in the search strategy, 24 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Global themes were identified using a thematic network. These themes were “Gender Bias in Sport,” “Motivation and Perceived Competence,” “Competing Priorities during Adolescence,” and “Meeting Societal Expectations.” Conclusions: The results of this review provide insights into adolescent girls’ views on physical activity. Future research is needed to investigate the potential impact of alternative activity programs on adolescent girls with appropriate follow-up. Researchers and individuals working with young girls must consider the role of perceived motor competence in participation and how this can impact their perceptions.

scholarly journals The Chinese-perspective of Intercultural Competence Models Revisited

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Yoon Huat Chong ◽  
Halina Grzymała-Moszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Western Perspective ◽  
Competence Models

Abstract Most intercultural competence models have been developed by Western experts based on Western theory and Western cultural values, and they are not culturally specific models. The lack of non-Chinese researchers to study and contribute to the construction of intercultural competence from a Chinese-perspective is a serious shortcoming, and most of the models developed by Chinese scholars are a replica of the Western models. A Chinese-perspective of intercultural competence model is indeed needed to reinterpret concepts and theories that are coined in the West, which are then widely used and generalized without any concrete-solid bases of their universality. This paper deployed empirical study methods to analyze the content of the literature to understand the construct of Chinese-perspective intercultural competence models. Eight Chinese-perspectives of intercultural competence models formulated by Chinese scholars between 1998 and 2013 have been identified, two of them are researched in English, while six others are in Chinese. As a result, there are no significant differences in the components of those eight models, as most Chinese scholars agree that cognitive ability, emotional management and communication skills are three of the major components which constitute the Chinese version of intercultural competence models. This research is timely, and is worth conducting, due to increased Chinese investments throughout the world, and the power and influence of China as the world’s largest economy. The results could be used as a guiding operational scheme to prepare business partners from both sides for successful cooperation. However, one should recommend, in future research, that there be a comparison of Chinese-perspective models with Western-perspective models in order to delve deeper into the construct of the models to examine the degree to which the Chinese and Western-perspective of intercultural competence are complementary and compatible with each other.

scholarly journals How Do Home Computer Users Browse the Web?

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kyle Crichton ◽  
Nicolas Christin ◽  
Lorrie Faith Cranor
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Home Computer ◽  
Security Behavior ◽  
Browsing Behavior ◽  
The Web ◽  
Analyze Data

With the ubiquity of web tracking, information on how people navigate the internet is abundantly collected yet, due to its proprietary nature, rarely distributed. As a result, our understanding of user browsing primarily derives from small-scale studies conducted more than a decade ago. To provide an broader updated perspective, we analyze data from 257 participants who consented to have their home computer and browsing behavior monitored through the Security Behavior Observatory. Compared to previous work, we find a substantial increase in tabbed browsing and demonstrate the need to include tab information for accurate web measurements. Our results confirm that user browsing is highly centralized, with 50% of internet use spent on 1% of visited websites. However, we also find that users spend a disproportionate amount of time on low-visited websites, areas with a greater likelihood of containing risky content. We then identify the primary gateways to these sites and discuss implications for future research.

scholarly journals Support of Workplace Diversity Policies: The Role of Race, Gender, and Beliefs about Inequality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scarborough ◽  
Danny Lambouths ◽  
Allyson Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Workplace Diversity ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Analyze Data

Workplace diversity policies are more effective when they are supported by managers and workers, but there is little direct evidence on how people feel about these policies or why they hold certain opinions. In this study, we analyze data from a survey experiment designed to assess public opinion about a range of workplace diversity policies. We examine how support for these policies among employed respondents varies by race, gender, and by the targeted population (i.e. whether the policies aim to improve the workplace representation of women or racial minorities). Using OLS regression models to analyze a diverse sample of employed persons participating in the survey, we find that women, blacks, and Latina/os are more supportive of diversity policies than men and whites, and a substantial portion of these gender/race differences can be explained by group-differences in the belief that discrimination causes inequality. In addition, we find that respondents report lower levels of support for workplace policies when these policies are framed as a mechanism to increase diversity than when they are framed as being needed to address discrimination or if no justification is given for the policy. Our findings highlight the role of inequality beliefs in shaping worker support for diversity policies, suggesting directions for future research on how such beliefs are developed.

scholarly journals Entre l’individuel et le social : les motivations d’usage de pornographie

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Lecompte ◽  
Simon Corneau ◽  
Kim Bernatchez
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivations

Background  Although pornography use is widespread, motivations for use may differ depending on certain identity categories.Analysis  This article presents the motivations related to pornography use identified following a metasynthesis as a methodological framework. Using theoretical notions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, the metasynthesis allowed us to combine results derived from thirteen qualitative studies that examined motivations for pornography use among various audiences.Conclusions and implications  The motivations identified are: entertainment, sexual satisfaction, fantasy and identity exploration, creation and strengthening of social or emotional ties, learning and information, transgression, and protection. Our results demonstrate that pornography use can be motivated by both social and personal considerations, and suggest that future research should consider the importance of gender and sexual orientation.Contexte  Bien que l’usage de pornographie soit répandu, les motivations pour son usage peuvent différer en fonction de certaines catégories identitaires.Analyse  Cet article présente les motivations d’usage de pornographie documentées au moyen d’une métasynthèse comme cadre méthodologique. Utilisant les notions théoriques de motivation intrinsèque et extrinsèque, la métasynthèse a permis la mise en commun des résultats de treize études qualitatives réalisées auprès de publics variés.Conclusions et implications  Les motivations recensées sont : le divertissement, la satisfaction sexuelle, l’exploration fantasmatique et identitaire, la création et le renforcement de liens sociaux ou affectifs, l’apprentissage et l’information, la transgression et la protection. Les résultats montrent que l’usage de pornographie peut être motivé tant par des considérations sociales que personnelles et soulèvent l’importance de considérer le sexe et l’orientation sexuelle dans les recherches futures.

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