Raphael's Platonic Vision

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-430
Author(s):  
JOHN BIGELOW ◽  
MARTIN LECKEY
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Deep Significance

AbstractThe four frescoes by Raphael in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican Museum visually embody close approximations of several numerical ratios that are of deep significance in the material grounding of musical harmonies in the physics of natural harmonics. Of special significance is the Pythagorean musical frequency ratio of 9:8, the (discordant) whole tone interval, which in Plato's Timaeus is called the epogdoôn (‘and an eighth’).

Lattice Imaging of Grain Boundaries in Ceramics

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
D. R. Clarke ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Refractory Ceramics

Grain boundaries have long held a special significance to ceramicists. In part, this has been because it has been impossible until now to actually observe the boundaries themselves. Just as important, however, is the fact that the grain boundaries and their environs have a determing influence on both the mechanisms by which powder compaction occurs during fabrication, and on the overall mechanical properties of the material. One area where the grain boundary plays a particularly important role is in the high temperature strength of hot-pressed ceramics. This is a subject of current interest as extensive efforts are being made to develop ceramics, such as silicon nitride alloys, for high temperature structural applications. In this presentation we describe how the techniques of lattice fringe imaging have made it possible to study the grain boundaries in a number of refractory ceramics, and illustrate some of the findings.

The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Strength Of Excitation ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

ABCs of the Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Egor A. Yesyunin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Development History ◽  
The People ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Revolution

The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.

Феномен «путешествия в поисках знания» в османской культуре

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Krayushkin
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Direct Spread ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Abstract In the 16th and 17th centuries Ottoman Turks conquered most countries of the Middle East and North Africa and reached Vienna. As а result, the power of Istanbul was established in the heterogeneous spaces of the Mediterranean. The seized territories in Europe became part of Dar al-Islam, increasing the area of direct spread of the Arab-Muslim spiritual tradition. In this context, the journey in search for knowledge (rihla) acquired special significance it contributed to the intensification of cultural and intellectual life of the Ottoman society and establishment of its ideological unity. The author examines the materials from the treatises of Medina theologian Muhammad Kibrit, Istanbul explorer Evliya Celebi and Damascus Sufi Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi, who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century, to explore the main pilgrimage routes and cultural centers of the region. The goal of this article is to analyze the content of civilizational exchange and to identify basic characteristics of new Ottoman cultural experience.

Waterborne disease incidences in the Mediterranean region as a function of microbial pollution and T90

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kocasoy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Coastal Tourism ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Sea Pollution ◽  
High Season ◽  
Polluted Waters

Among the different impacts of coastal tourism on the environment, its effect on public health has a special significance. The large increase in population during the high season usually results to an increase in the amount of wastewater produced. If the necessary infrastructure - which most of the time the developing countries lack - for handling these wastes is not available, the sea is polluted causing serious problems. To investigate the effects of sea pollution onpublic health a survey has been conducted in Bodrum and Çeşme; the two most important touristic resorts in Turkey. A questionnaire about the health problems which tourists suffer as well as their culinary habits, swimming habits etc. was distributed. At the same time the pollution level in the sea was determined in the form of coliform concentration. As a result, it was proved that those swimming in polluted waters suffer from gastro-intestinal diseases more than others. Furthermore foreigners and children had been proved to be more susceptible to pollution due to the lack of immunity. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the rate of pollution as well as of the microbial self purification capacity (T90) on public health.

A Substantive Theory of Transnational Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Substantive Theory ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
Differential Performance

Social scientists have theorized the rise of transnational private authority, but knowledge about its consequences remains sparse and fragmented. This chapter builds from a critique of “empty spaces” imagery in several leading paradigms to a new theory of transnational governance. Rules and assurances are increasingly flowing through global production networks, but these flows are channeled and reconfigured by domestic governance in a variety of ways. Abstracting from the case studies in this book, a series of theoretical propositions specify the likely outcomes of private regulation, the influence of domestic governance, the special significance of territory and rights, and several ways in which the content of rules shapes their implementation. As such, this theory proposes an explanation for differences across places, fields, and issues, including the differential performance of labor and environmental standards.

scholarly journals Hsp70 Interacts with the TREM-1 Receptor Expressed on Monocytes and Thereby Stimulates Generation of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Active against MHC-Negative Tumor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6889
Author(s):  
Tatiana N. Sharapova ◽  
Elena A. Romanova ◽  
Olga K. Ivanova ◽  
Denis V. Yashin ◽  
Lidia P. Sashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocyte ◽  
Negative Tumor

The search for and analysis of new ligands for innate immunity receptors are of special significance for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of immune response. Here we show that the major heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can bind to and activate TREM-1, the innate immunity receptor expressed on monocytes. The Hsp70–TREM-1 interaction activates expression of TNFα and IFNγ mRNAs in monocytes and stimulates IL-2 secretion by РВМСs. Moreover, incubation of РВМСs with Hsp70 leads to an appearance of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulations active against the MHC-negative tumor cells. In addition, both the CD4+ Т-lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes are necessary for the Hsp70 signal transduction and a consequent activation of the cytotoxic lymphocytes. We believe that data presented in this study will broaden the views on the involvement of Hsp70 in the antitumor immunity.

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