Gandy’s Arkaiology: The Deluge and Romantic Climatologies of Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 321-346
Author(s):  
Hans C. Hönes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Robert Southey ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Johann Joachim Winckelmann ◽  
Art And Architecture

ABSTRACTNumerous renowned antiquaries and architects in Georgian Britain were enthralled by a strange craze: they declared the ark of Noah to be the origin and divine model for architecture worldwide. This article analyses the fashion for 'arkaiology’ (as the poet Robert Southey mockingly called it) by focusing on one of its most spectacular exponents, the architect Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843). Taking Gandy’s theories as the starting point to reconstruct a broader debate on climatological thinking about art and architecture, the article shows that the fascination with the deluge is best understood as a reaction against the climatic theory of the origins of architecture associated with Johann Joachim Winckelmann and the implicit cultural relativism that it entailed. The case of Gandy also sheds fresh light on the search for origins in late (Romantic) classicism. Instead of submitting to a climatically determined vernacular tradition, Gandy’s arkaiology allowed him to theorise the distant past as a space for speculative artistic reconstruction of the principles of architecture.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Edward Slingerland
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early China ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Starting Point

The Introduction makes the case that the study of China is still dominated by “neo-Orientialism,” a combination of classic Orientalism with postmodern cultural relativism and a normatively positive view of the exotic East. It would be better to adopt an “embodied” stance that takes as its starting point basic commonalities among human beings and explores cultural difference against this shared background. The idea of a “holistic” early China, seen through the specific lens of mind-body holism, can serve as a good case example of how an embodied, science-humanities integrated approach is more helpful.

scholarly journals From Print to Proposal: Exploring the Urban and Cultural Possibilities of Hataitai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ariana Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Cultural Resilience ◽  
Education Centre ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pedestrian Network ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Art And Architecture

<p>I am interested in the synergy between art and architecture. Art is typically graphic and architecture is typically spatial. This research investigates how an exploration of both graphic and spatial techniques might inform architecture.  I explore this synergy between graphic and spatial within the context of Hataitai, Wellington. This suburb has the opportunity to grow, physically and socially. This research proposes a Continuing Education Centre that promotes a new cultural hub. This proposal responds to the suburb’s car-dependent nature and aims to enhance Hataitai’s cultural resilience  What graphic and spatial opportunities does architecture offer to improve pedestrian infrastructure and enhance cultural resilience?  I use the design proposal as a vehicle to investigate how art-led experimentation could influence the architectural language and design. I use printmaking as a creative starting point to explore the possibilities of art-led experimentation. From the prints, I investigate the ambiguity of depth and flatness, I then develop experimentation through physical modelling, hand drawing and digital modelling. The resulting design expands a weakly-defined pedestrian network and enriches the cultural fabric through an architectural language that explores both spatial and graphic overlaps.</p>

scholarly journals MAKSUR DOME TRADITION IN THE DESIGN OF MALATYA GREAT MOSQUE IN TURKISH ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Alev Erarslan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Central Dome ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Early Islamic

The maksure section was added to Nebev-i Masjid during the era of the Caliph Osman in early Islamic architecture as a private space to ensure the safety and security of the caliphs. The maksure was positioned in the section in front of the mihrab and covered with a dome,  eventually becoming one of the essential elements of Islamic mosque architecture. The “mihrab anterior dome” was at the same time regarded as a symbol of the ruler’s sovereignty and became the fundamental starting point of spatial unity in mosque architecture. One of the most examples of this structure is the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. The same plan layout was also applied to the mosques of Cordoba, Mesjid-i Aksa in Jerusalem, and Kayrevan in Tunisia. The anterior mihrab dome was an essential architectural and liturgical element used in the fabric of Anatolian mosque architecture by the Great Seljuqs outside Anatolia, the early-Anatolian Turkish Principalities, and Anatolian Seljuqs within the confines of Anatolia. After going through another stage of development during the late-Principality era of the 14th century, it was transformed into the central dome in Ottoman Turkish architecture, becoming an essential element in the organization of the entire grammar of Turkish shrine architecture. This paper aims to describe the use of this mihrab anterior dome in the design of the Malatya Great Mosque. Evaluated within the scope of this typology, the Malatya Grand Mosque holds a unique place in the history of Turkish art and architecture, whether for its layout, its dome design, or its embellishment technique and repertoire. In this article, the Malatya Great Mosque, one of the “mihrab anterior dome” mosques in Anatolia, will be evaluated from the aspect of its unique dome plan and rich decorative embellishment program.

scholarly journals Multimodal Modeling: Bridging Biosemiotics and Social Semiotics

Biosemiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Olteanu
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Social Semiotics ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semantic Notion ◽  
Cognitive Semantic

AbstractThis paper explores a semiotic notion of body as starting point for bridging biosemiotic with social semiotic theory. The cornerstone of the argument is that the social semiotic criticism of the classic view of meaning as double articulation can support the criticism of language-centrism that lies at the foundation of biosemiotics. Besides the pragmatic epistemological advantages implicit in a theoretical synthesis, I argue that this brings a semiotic contribution to philosophy of mind broadly. Also, it contributes to overcoming the polemic in linguistics between, loosely put, cognitive universalism and cultural relativism. This possibility is revealed by the recent convergence of various semiotic theories towards a criticism of the classic notion of meaning as double articulation. In biosemiotics, the interest to explicate meaning as multiply articulated stems from the construal of Umwelt as relying on the variety of sense perception channels and semiotic systems that a species has at its disposal. Recently, social semiotics developed an unexplored interest for embodiment by starting from the other end, namely the consideration of the modal heterogeneity of meaning. To bridge these notions, I employ the cognitive semantic notion of embodiment and Mittelberg’s cognitive semiotic notion of exbodiment. In light of these, I explore the possible intricacies between the biosemiotic notion of primary modeling system and concepts referring to preconceptual structures for knowledge organization stemming from cognitive linguistics. Further, Mittelberg’s concept of exbodiment allows for a construal of meaning articulation as mediation between the exbodying and embodying directions of mind.

scholarly journals From Print to Proposal: Exploring the Urban and Cultural Possibilities of Hataitai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ariana Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Cultural Resilience ◽  
Education Centre ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pedestrian Network ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Art And Architecture

<p>I am interested in the synergy between art and architecture. Art is typically graphic and architecture is typically spatial. This research investigates how an exploration of both graphic and spatial techniques might inform architecture.  I explore this synergy between graphic and spatial within the context of Hataitai, Wellington. This suburb has the opportunity to grow, physically and socially. This research proposes a Continuing Education Centre that promotes a new cultural hub. This proposal responds to the suburb’s car-dependent nature and aims to enhance Hataitai’s cultural resilience  What graphic and spatial opportunities does architecture offer to improve pedestrian infrastructure and enhance cultural resilience?  I use the design proposal as a vehicle to investigate how art-led experimentation could influence the architectural language and design. I use printmaking as a creative starting point to explore the possibilities of art-led experimentation. From the prints, I investigate the ambiguity of depth and flatness, I then develop experimentation through physical modelling, hand drawing and digital modelling. The resulting design expands a weakly-defined pedestrian network and enriches the cultural fabric through an architectural language that explores both spatial and graphic overlaps.</p>

Crystal structure images of large gold clusters and growing crystals by HRTEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L.R. Wallenberg ◽  
J.-O. Bovin ◽  
G. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Points Of View

Metallic clusters are interesting from various points of view, e.g. as a mean of spreading expensive catalysts on a support, or following heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic events. It is also possible to study nucleation and growth mechanisms for crystals with the cluster as known starting point.Gold-clusters containing 55 atoms were manufactured by reducing (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene. The chemical composition was found to be Au9.2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl. Molecular-weight determination by means of an ultracentrifuge gave the formula Au55[P(C6H5)3]Cl6 A model was proposed from Mössbauer spectra by Schmid et al. with cubic close-packing of the 55 gold atoms in a cubeoctahedron as shown in Fig 1. The cluster is almost completely isolated from the surroundings by the twelve triphenylphosphane groups situated in each corner, and the chlorine atoms on the centre of the 3x3 square surfaces. This gives four groups of gold atoms, depending on the different types of surrounding.

Two isoprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus activate AMPK, stimulate glucose uptake, inhibit glucose production and lower glycemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3687-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aphrodite T. Choumessi ◽  
Manuel Johanns ◽  
Claire Beaufay ◽  
Marie-France Herent ◽  
Vincent Stroobant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Structural Isomer ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Starting Point

Root extracts of a Cameroon medicinal plant, Dorstenia psilurus, were purified by screening for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in incubated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Two isoprenylated flavones that activated AMPK were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as artelasticin by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 2D-NMR while its structural isomer, compound 2, was isolated for the first time and differed only by the position of one double bond on one isoprenyl substituent. Treatment of MEFs with purified compound 1 or compound 2 led to rapid and robust AMPK activation at low micromolar concentrations and increased the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. In oxygen consumption experiments on isolated rat liver mitochondria, compound 1 and compound 2 inhibited complex II of the electron transport chain and in freeze–thawed mitochondria succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited. In incubated rat skeletal muscles, both compounds activated AMPK and stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, these effects were lost in muscles pre-incubated with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965, suggesting AMPK dependency. Incubation of mouse hepatocytes with compound 1 or compound 2 led to AMPK activation, but glucose production was decreased in hepatocytes from both wild-type and AMPKβ1−/− mice, suggesting that this effect was not AMPK-dependent. However, when administered intraperitoneally to high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, compound 1 and compound 2 had blood glucose-lowering effects. In addition, compound 1 and compound 2 reduced the viability of several human cancer cells in culture. The flavonoids we have identified could be a starting point for the development of new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes.

Overview of Current Approaches to Aural Rehabilitation for Adults With Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187
Author(s):  
Rachel Glade ◽  
Erin Taylor ◽  
Deborah S. Culbertson ◽  
Christin Ray
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Aural Rehabilitation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Hearing Health

Purpose This clinical focus article provides an overview of clinical models currently being used for the provision of comprehensive aural rehabilitation (AR) for adults with cochlear implants (CIs) in the Unites States. Method Clinical AR models utilized by hearing health care providers from nine clinics across the United States were discussed with regard to interprofessional AR practice patterns in the adult CI population. The clinical models were presented in the context of existing knowledge and gaps in the literature. Future directions were proposed for optimizing the provision of AR for the adult CI patient population. Findings/Conclusions There is a general agreement that AR is an integral part of hearing health care for adults with CIs. While the provision of AR is feasible in different clinical practice settings, service delivery models are variable across hearing health care professionals and settings. AR may include interprofessional collaboration among surgeons, audiologists, and speech-language pathologists with varying roles based on the characteristics of a particular setting. Despite various existing barriers, the clinical practice patterns identified here provide a starting point toward a more standard approach to comprehensive AR for adults with CIs.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

The Solidarity of Distance1

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wicklund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Contact ◽  
Emotional Distance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Shared Emotions ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Full Interaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Incompetence

Abstract: Solidarity in the classic sense pertains to a cohesion among humans that entails physical contact, shared emotions, and common goals or projects. Characteristic cases are to be found among families, close friends, or co-workers. The present paper, in contrast, treats a phenomenon of the solidarity of distance, a solidarity based in fear of certain others and in incompetence to interact with them. The starting point for this analysis is the person who is motivated to interact with others who are unfamiliar or fear-provoking. Given that the fear and momentary social incompetence do not allow a full interaction to ensue, the individual will move toward solidarity with those others on a symbolic level. In this manner the motivation to approach the others is acted upon while physical and emotional distance is retained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document