Structure of the potato tuber and composition of tuber dry matter

1987 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter

An analysis of growth of the potato crop

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Allen ◽  
R. K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Crops

SummaryLinear relationships between both total and tuber dry-matter yields and the amount of radiation intercepted by potato crops are demonstrated. Their existence suggests that, in the absenceof disease and drought, the essential objective in the production of this crop is to maximize radiation interception. This paper critically assesses the influence of factors which the grower can control on light interception and estimates potential yields for specific environments. The implications of this analysis for growers, breeders, research and the whole industry are discussed.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Tuber Dry Matter and Oxidative Browning in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cobes Gatarira ◽  
Paterne Agre ◽  
Ryo Matsumoto ◽  
Alex Edemodu ◽  
Victor Adetimirin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Water Yam

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a nutritional and medicinal staple tuber crop grown in the tropics and sub-tropics. Among the food yam species, water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is the most widely distributed and cultivated species worldwide. Tuber dry matter content (DMC) and oxidative browning (OxB) are important quality attributes that determine cultivar acceptability in water yam. This study used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay from a diversity arrays technology (DArT) platform for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the two quality traits in a panel of 100 water yam clones grown in three environments. The marker–trait association analysis identified significant SNPs associated with tuber DMC on chromosomes 6 and 19 and with OxB on chromosome 5. The significant SNPs cumulatively explained 45.87 and 12.74% of the total phenotypic variation for the tuber DMC and OxB, respectively. Gene annotation for the significant SNP loci identified important genes associated in the process of the proteolytic modification of carbohydrates in the dry matter accumulation pathway as well as fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisome for enzymatic oxidation. Additional putative genes were also identified in the peak SNP sites for both tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation with unknown functions. The results of this study provide valuable insight for further dissection of the genetic architecture of tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation in water yam. They also highlight SNP variants and genes useful for genomics-informed selection decisions in the breeding process for improving food quality traits in water yam.

Influence of production and storage conditions on subsequent growth and tuber yield of potato (Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Midmore ◽  
J. Roca
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Good Quality Seed ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cool Conditions

SummaryA series of experiments to quantify the response of diverse potato genotypes to production and storage conditions in hot climates was carried out in 1984–87 at three sites in Peru, two of which were characterized by at least one hot season per year. Yield stability and field performance of seed tubers of six clones produced in situ, and stored in diffused light (DLS) or cold stored (CS), were compared with those of good quality seed tubers produced and stored in cool conditions. The yield potential of tubers produced in hot climates and grown as (i) a double crop per year with short DLS (1–4 months) (ii) a single crop per year with long DLS (c. 8 months) and (iii) a single crop per year with long CS (c. 8 months) was compared with that of seed tubers produced in cool conditions and introduced in successive crops.The first replanting of tubers produced in hot climates resulted in lower yield than that of coolproduced tubers. Yield reductions in clones ranged from 30 to 93% when replanted within 4 months, from 10 to 100% when replanted after 7–10·5 months of DLS and from 0 to 82% after similar periods of CS. Reduced yield was often due to poor plant vigour and crop growth leading to inefficient interception of solar radiation. There was, however, no evidence that the efficiency of utilization of intercepted radiation for tuber dry matter production was influenced by storage treatment. Poor sprout growth at planting reduced yield considerably for late clones in double cropping. Low dry matter content of tubers produced in hot climates did not influence emergence rate, but was related to poor plant vigour in the first replant under warmer conditions. Replanting and storage in hot climates did not enhance the initial reduction of tuber dry matter, which was evident after the first hot season. Tuber yields continued to decline, particularly under single cropping with long DLS.For the clones studied, CS would be a feasible storage method for potato production in hot climates if replanted tubers were used on an annual basis. For double cropping, short dormancy is essential; however, poor plant vigour results in additional yield reductions. Our data indicate that clonal selection for maximum production in hot climates should take into account the proposed or existing production and storage schemes.

Effects of defoliation and time of harvest on tuber dry-matter percentage of Pentland Crown Potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Main Factor

Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of time and method of crop defoliation and of extending the interval between defoliation and harvest on the relationship between dry-matter percentage and tuber size in Pentland Crown potatoes.Differences in average tuber dry-matter content between seasons and treatments were large, but the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size was always negatively quadratic. The dry-matter content of tubers of all sizes invariably decreased after defoliation, by about 0·6 % on average for each week that harvest was delayed in 1983 and 0·3 % in 1984. The largest decrease was from 22·7 to 16·7 % over the 10-week period following mechanical defoliation in mid-August 1983. In 1984, chemical defoliation in mid-August gave a smaller decrease than the mechanical method (0·25 and 0·38%/week) but their effects were similar when carried out in mid-September. Water uptake was the main factor responsible for the decrease because evidence showed that fresh weights of tubers increased proportionally following defoliation whilst dry weights remained virtually constant.Natural senescence was late in both seasons experiments so that the crops foliage was still mostly alive when defoliation occurred, even in September and early October. Thus, the relatively large effects of late defoliation may have been greater than might be expected where haulm senescence is already well advanced by this time and water uptake has almost ceased. Nevertheless, the decline in dry-matter percentage which may occur between defoliation and harvest can be extremely important where potatoes for processing are concerned. It could make them unacceptable for particular outlets and should be considered when defoliation and harvesting programmes are planned.

Croissance et tubérisation du radis (Raphanus sativus) selon la durée d'éclairement

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Combe ◽  
Ph. Quetin ◽  
G. Decoux
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Trophic Action

Radish tuberization was studied with plants grown in a controlled-environment room at 19 °C day and night, with a daily light duration (radiant flux density, 600 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiations (PAR)) varying from 4 to 24 h at 2 h intervals. Day length did not seem to play a role in the initiation of tuberization: tuber thickening began after about 50 h of cumulative light exposure for all treatments. Moreover, two light treatments with the same daily photosynthetic balance, 8 h a day at high saturating irradiance (600 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and 16 h a day at low irradiance (200 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR), resulted in the same growth and tuberization regardless of day length. When the photoperiod is shorter than 7 h, it can modify leaf area, but for longer photoperiods, age is the main criterion determining foliage area. Cumulative light exposure determines the tuber dry matter to foliage dry matter ratio (tuberization index) if the day length is shorter than 16 h; if it is not, plant age alone determines the tuberization index. Day length has an effect on radish tuberization essentially because of its trophic action by photo-synthetic assimilate allocation to tuber thickening.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF POTATO CULTIVAR FOR GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETER

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Mangesh R. Deshmukh ◽  
Ganesh M. Bansode ◽  
Pallavi Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Emergence

The present investigation on evaluation of varietal performance of various potato varieties under Pune Conditions was initiated in Oct 2012. Potato tubers of Kufri Lauvkar, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Pushkar, Kufri Surya, Kufri Khyati, Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Pukharaj were planted on ridges and furrows. The results revealed that Kufri Surya recorded significantly higher total tuber yield (20.67 t/ha) followed by Kufri Pukharaj (18.45 t/ha). However percent plant emergence and foliage senescence were found non-significant. Whereas results in respect of yield depicted that the variety Kufri Lauvkar produced the lowest tuber yield of 16.23 t/ha. Tuber dry matter (19.69%) was recorded to be the highest in Kufri Surya which was significantly superior in comparison to the remaining varieties. The least incidence of late blight (9.69%) was recorded on Kufri Khyati which was at par with K. Surya (9.74%). The least incidence of early blight (10.29%) was recorded on K. Lauvkar which too was at par with K. Surya. Keeping this in view K. Surya may be recommended as promising variety for Pune region

scholarly journals Patatin, the major protein of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, and its occurrence as genotype effect: processing versus table potatoes

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bárta ◽  
V. Bártová
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Extractable Protein

Patatin relative abundance in SDS-extractable protein and patatin content in dry matter were evaluated in tubers of forty processing and table potato cultivars usually cultivated in the Czech Republic, Germany, and the Netherlands. The patatin characteristics were evaluated over three experimental years. Patatin relative abundance in the processing cultivars achieved on average a significantly higher value (<I>P</I> < 0.001; Tukey HSD test) than patatin relative abundance in the table cultivars, resulting in average values of 25.80% and 21.59%, respectively. A high patatin relative abundance (over 30% in extractable protein) was determined only in the case of two cultivars: Vaneda (average 31.29%) and Tomensa (average 31.24%). Patatin content in tuber dry matter was significantly higher in the processing potato cultivars in all three experimental years (<I>P</I> < 0.001), attaining a mean of 1.28% with the processing cultivars and 1.03% with the table cultivars. The direct effect of the cultivar on patatin relative abundance in SDS-extractable protein was higher (33.1% for processing potato cultivars and 48.1% for table potato cultivars) than the effect of the growing year (15.6% for processing potato cultivar and 22.8% for table potato cultivars).

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