Reconciling objective and subjective assessments of linguistic-colour associations: exploring the relationships between linguistic-colour synaesthesia and self-related sensing, body lateralization, and gender

The article presents the results of the study of personal projections in assessing the limits of punishment humanization in the practice of criminal justice. The topic relevance is determined by the discussions held in various social institutions in recent years. Public opinion is a particularly important component of such discussions (We understand public opinion as the opinion of citizens who are the direct subjects of determining the measure of punishment). It is necessary to note the degree of scientific novelty of the proposed study. The problems of psychological justification of the norms, measures and limits of criminal punishment, the perception of its mechanisms, forms of influence and subjective meanings are poorly studied both in the framework of general and legal psychology. The authors attempt to study the personal characteristics of respondents who assess the limits of punishment humanization in criminal proceedings, depending on the characteristics of regional living conditions. For the study the authors have chosen the areas of the Arctic North, these areas are of particular interest for research owing to its climatic, ethno-cultural, socio-economic identity, reflected in the formation and implementation (projections) of personal characteristics. The study involved respondents from the Arctic North: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The study sample was represented by four groups of respondents, divided by age and gender. The study covers three projections of personality, emotional, intellectual and intuitive. For this, a well-adapted and sufficiently verified methodological toolkit was selected. In accordance with the purpose of the study, we determined the subjective assessment of the respondents about the degree of criminal punishment for various types of crimes. The range of assessment was in the range of values "humanization - dehumanization". The result of the study was the conclusion that the personal projection in assessing the limits of criminal punishment humanization for the inhabitants of the Arctic North has a number of specific features. For example, respondents with an intellectual projection of personality reject the idea of humanizing criminal punishment. Subjective assessments of actual punishment are perceived by them as underestimated, not meeting their expectations. The assessments of respondents with emotional personality projection are considered to be the most underestimated in the field of environmental crimes. The group of respondents with an intuitive personal projection determines the most smoothed multidirectional subjective assessments. The possibility of humanizing criminal punishment is currently rejected by all respondents in the sample under study. Respondents of all groups with different personal projections (male and female samples) assess the existing level of criminal punishment as insufficiently effective, as not meeting their personal expectations.

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Correlation between Facial Morphology and Esthetics in Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/07-143.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. A. Russell ◽

B. Tompson

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Visual Analog Scales ◽

Subjective Assessments ◽

And Gender ◽

2D And 3D

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were correlations between anthropometric nasolabial measurements and subjective assessments of nasal esthetics in individuals with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Participants: The sample consisted of 28 individuals with repaired CUCLP and 20 age- and gender-matched individuals without clefts. Outcome Measures: Nasolabial morphology was assessed using 2D and 3D measurements made on frontal photographs, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and plaster nose casts. A panel of orthodontists rated nasal esthetics from frontal, lateral, three-quarter, and basal view photographs and plaster nose casts using visual analog scales, and they also order ranked the nose casts. Based on the nasal esthetics ratings and rankings, two groups that had the best and the worst esthetics representing the extremes of nasolabial esthetics were statistically identified. Measurements were compared between the cleft and noncleft and the best and worst groups using t tests and analysis of variance. Results: Differences in anthropometric measurements between the groups were identified. The columellar width and nose base and nasolabial angles significantly differed between the best and worst groups (p < .05). Differences in panel ratings of nasolabial esthetics between the best and worst groups were statistically detected using lateral and three-quarter view photographs (p < .05). Conclusions: Although morphologic differences between the cleft and noncleft and between the best and worst groups were identified, the slight morphologic differences noted were not sufficient to explain the subjective esthetic evaluation by the panel.

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The Influence of Marital Status and Gender on Financial Well-Being

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 356-356

Author(s):

Jing Geng

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Financial Satisfaction ◽

Financial Status ◽

Subjective Assessments ◽

And Gender

Abstract Research consistently documents gender differences in financial status in later life, and some also examine marital status in this regard. However, the subjective aspects of financial well-being are less well-explored, especially as this relates to both gender and marital status in the U.S. Using a gender-sensitive approach, this study examines the extent to which gender and marital status affect the financial well-being of older American adults. Different from previous studies that use only objective measures of financial well-being, this study also takes a subjective assessment in terms of financial satisfaction into account so that the role of marital status and gender in both objective measures and subjective assessments can be identified. This study uses the 2014 Health and Retirement Study and employs ordinary least squares regressions and ordinal logistic regression analyses. Examining those aged 65 and over, the sample varies from N=10,325 (financial well-being) to 4,280 (financial satisfaction). Differences in gender and marital statuses across all objective measures of financial well-being show up, with women being disadvantaged while the married (regardless of gender) being advantaged. Concerning financial satisfaction, being divorced and separated were negatively related to financial satisfaction for both men and women. These findings indicate that both marital status and gender are important indicators of financial well-being in later life.

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Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2097-2108

Author(s):

Robyn L. Croft ◽

Courtney T. Byrd

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

The Self ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-19-0047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 4001-4014

Author(s):

Melanie Weirich ◽

Adrian Simpson

Keyword(s):

Parental Involvement ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Spontaneous Speech ◽

First Year ◽

Space Size ◽

Vowel Space ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Phonetic Features ◽

And Gender ◽

Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

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Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (7) ◽

pp. 2054-2069

Author(s):

Brandon Merritt ◽

Tessa Bent

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Identification Accuracy ◽

Rating Task ◽

Gender Identification ◽

Identification Task ◽

Male And Female ◽

Perceptual Evaluation ◽

Speech Training ◽

And Gender ◽

Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

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Sex and Gender

ASHA Leader ◽

10.1044/leader.in1.23022018.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 4-4

Keyword(s):

Sex And Gender ◽

And Gender

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Client Safety and Telepractice in a Clinic or Home Setting

Perspectives on Telepractice ◽

10.1044/teles3.2.41 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

Lyn Tindall

Keyword(s):

Communication Disorders ◽

Speech Pathology ◽

Professional Issues ◽

Efficacy Data ◽

Home Setting ◽

Safe Environment ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Available Technology ◽

And Gender

Telepractice is an exciting addition to the arsenal of speech-language pathologists for delivering services. Efficacy data continues to emerge proving the benefit of using available technology to provide assessment and treatment for persons with a variety of communication disorders, ages, and gender. In addition to providing assessment and treatment using telepractice technology, several professional issues have arisen which must be addressed before implementation of this service delivery system. Licensure and reimbursement have been at the forefront, as well they should. However, client safety is another issue that should also be addressed. Providing speech pathology services in a safe environment is a concept which may not have been considered before technological advances made it possible to provide services to someone while not being physically present.

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