scholarly journals The Influence of Marital Status and Gender on Financial Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
Jing Geng
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Financial Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Research consistently documents gender differences in financial status in later life, and some also examine marital status in this regard. However, the subjective aspects of financial well-being are less well-explored, especially as this relates to both gender and marital status in the U.S. Using a gender-sensitive approach, this study examines the extent to which gender and marital status affect the financial well-being of older American adults. Different from previous studies that use only objective measures of financial well-being, this study also takes a subjective assessment in terms of financial satisfaction into account so that the role of marital status and gender in both objective measures and subjective assessments can be identified. This study uses the 2014 Health and Retirement Study and employs ordinary least squares regressions and ordinal logistic regression analyses. Examining those aged 65 and over, the sample varies from N=10,325 (financial well-being) to 4,280 (financial satisfaction). Differences in gender and marital statuses across all objective measures of financial well-being show up, with women being disadvantaged while the married (regardless of gender) being advantaged. Concerning financial satisfaction, being divorced and separated were negatively related to financial satisfaction for both men and women. These findings indicate that both marital status and gender are important indicators of financial well-being in later life.

Leisure Activities and the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in Croatia

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan ◽  
Tihana Brkljačić ◽  
Zvjezdana Prizmić Larsen ◽  
Andreja Brajša-Žganec ◽  
Renata Franc
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Financial Status

Abstract. Research shows that engagement in leisure activities promotes well-being among older adults. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between subjective well-being (flourishing) and leisure activities (total number of different activities in the previous year) in a sample of older adults in Croatia, thereby considering the variables of sex, marital status, financial status, and self-perceived health. The differences in the examined variables between the groups of older adults who reported to be engaged in new activities with those who did not were also examined. The sample of N = 169 older adults aged 60 years and above was drawn from a convenience sample of adult internet users in Croatia. Participants reported their self-perceived health and the number of leisure activities they engaged in over the previous year as well as completing the Flourishing Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that older adults who were engaged in more various leisure activities, who perceived better financial status, and who were married reported higher levels of flourishing. A comparison of the two groups of older adults with and without engagement in leisure activities showed that those engaged in at least one leisure activity were more likely to be women, reported higher levels of flourishing, and perceived their own financial status as better. This study indicated that engaging in leisure activities in later life might provide beneficial effects for the well-being of older adults.

The Trajectory of Subjective Well-Being: A Partial Explanation of the Marriage Advantage

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Alfred DeMaris ◽  
Gary Oates
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
And Gender

Although several studies have documented a distinct marriage advantage in well-being, it is still unclear what it is about marriage that renders this benefit. We hypothesize that it is due to factors theorized to accrue to matrimony, such as elevated financial status and specific social psychological supports. We examine the trajectory of subjective well-being for 1135 respondents from the three-wave 2010 GSS panel survey utilizing linear mixed-effects modeling. We find that about two-fifths of the marriage advantage in subjective well-being is accounted for by a mixture of control variables, finances, and emotional factors, with most of this due to elements that are associated with the marital context. Higher annual income, enhanced interpersonal trust, greater sociability, and less of a sense of loneliness and isolation appear to be responsible for a substantial component of the marital advantage. We further find that the marriage advantage is invariant to both race and gender.

Intergenerational Coresidence and Depressive Symptoms of Rural and Urban Older Adults in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1306
Author(s):  
Jinyu Liu ◽  
Lydia Li ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intergenerational Coresidence

Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether gender and marital status of coresiding adult children are associated with depressive symptoms of Chinese older adults. Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, linear regression analysis was conducted to identify longitudinal associations of intergenerational coresidence with depressive symptoms in rural and urban older Chinese. Results: Both rural and urban older adults living with unmarried sons had significantly higher depressive symptoms at four-year follow-up than those who did not live with children. Living with married sons was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at four-year follow-up among rural elders only. Discussion: This study sheds light on the heterogeneity in the relationship between intergenerational coresidence and Chinese older adults’ psychological well-being by the gender and marital status of coresiding children. Further research is needed to understand the complex and dynamic household structures and health outcomes in later life.

Parenthood, Marital Status, and Well-Being in Later Life: Evidence from SHARE

2012 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Hank ◽  
Michael Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being

Personal Projections of the Arctic North Inhabitants in Assessing the Limits of Punishment Humanization

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
E.A. Naumenko ◽  
◽  
О.A. Naumenko ◽  
A.G. Abdullin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Psychology ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
And Gender

The article presents the results of the study of personal projections in assessing the limits of punishment humanization in the practice of criminal justice. The topic relevance is determined by the discussions held in various social institutions in recent years. Public opinion is a particularly important component of such discussions (We understand public opinion as the opinion of citizens who are the direct subjects of determining the measure of punishment). It is necessary to note the degree of scientific novelty of the proposed study. The problems of psychological justification of the norms, measures and limits of criminal punishment, the perception of its mechanisms, forms of influence and subjective meanings are poorly studied both in the framework of general and legal psychology. The authors attempt to study the personal characteristics of respondents who assess the limits of punishment humanization in criminal proceedings, depending on the characteristics of regional living conditions. For the study the authors have chosen the areas of the Arctic North, these areas are of particular interest for research owing to its climatic, ethno-cultural, socio-economic identity, reflected in the formation and implementation (projections) of personal characteristics. The study involved respondents from the Arctic North: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The study sample was represented by four groups of respondents, divided by age and gender. The study covers three projections of personality, emotional, intellectual and intuitive. For this, a well-adapted and sufficiently verified methodological toolkit was selected. In accordance with the purpose of the study, we determined the subjective assessment of the respondents about the degree of criminal punishment for various types of crimes. The range of assessment was in the range of values "humanization - dehumanization". The result of the study was the conclusion that the personal projection in assessing the limits of criminal punishment humanization for the inhabitants of the Arctic North has a number of specific features. For example, respondents with an intellectual projection of personality reject the idea of humanizing criminal punishment. Subjective assessments of actual punishment are perceived by them as underestimated, not meeting their expectations. The assessments of respondents with emotional personality projection are considered to be the most underestimated in the field of environmental crimes. The group of respondents with an intuitive personal projection determines the most smoothed multidirectional subjective assessments. The possibility of humanizing criminal punishment is currently rejected by all respondents in the sample under study. Respondents of all groups with different personal projections (male and female samples) assess the existing level of criminal punishment as insufficiently effective, as not meeting their personal expectations.

scholarly journals Adult Personal Network Characteristics Associated with Early Life Adversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 924-924
Author(s):  
Janae Briggs ◽  
Stephanie Child
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Close Family

Abstract Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with poor health through social and economic pathways. ELA also shapes cognitive and emotional development, including self-perception, social attachment and mental well-being. As such, ELA may shape later life health through social relationships, yet few studies have examined these associations. Data from the UC Berkeley Social Network Study were used to examine ELA measured retrospectively and current personal network characteristics among young (21-30 years) and older adults (50-70 years). ELA was operationalized as a summary of six experiences occurring before age 18 (e.g., parents’ divorce/separation, violence/drug use in the home, etc.). Personal network characteristics included objective measures, such as the number of ties who provide or receive various types of support, and subjective assessments about the adequacy of support received. Multivariate regression models adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity, and level of education. Among young adults, ELA was associated with more ties who rely upon the ego for support (b=0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.28, p=0.02). Among older adults, ELA was associated with more ties named as either an advisor (b=0.14, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21, p=0.02) or difficult/demanding (b=0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21, p<0.01). Furthermore, ELA was associated with less confidence in family support available (b= -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.03, p<0.01) and fewer emotionally close family members (b= -0.18, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.03, p=0.02) among older adults. In conclusion, clear differences emerged in network characteristics by exposure to ELA, particularly among older adults. The findings highlight potential pathways through which ELA patterns later life health.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: MARITAL STATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S919-S919
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Yeonjung Jane Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Social relationships are a well-established correlate of late-life well-being. Extensive research finds social support is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, yet few studies distinguish fine-grained types of support from spouse, children, other family and friends, nor whether these linkages differ by gender and marital status. Studies exploring coarse associations between support and well-being may conceal gender and marital status differences. We use data from two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2006 and 2010) to study fine-grained linkages between diverse types of relationship strain and support and depressive symptoms (CESD) among adults aged 51+. The results show that the association between support/strain and depressive symptoms varies based on the source of support. For instance, among married/partnered older adults, spousal support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas friend strain is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Among widowed respondents, friend support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These marital status patterns differed by gender however, such that the impact of friend strain on depressive symptoms was especially large for divorced men. Our results suggest that no single form of social support (or strain) is uniformly protective (or distressing), so services and interventions to enhance late-life mental health should more fully consider older adults’ social location, including gender and marital status. For current cohorts of older adults, who have lower rates of marriage and childbearing than their predecessors, it is critically important to understand both the levels and impacts of alternative sources of support from other kin and friends.

Discovering Grace at the Table? Prayers at Mealtime, Marital Status, and Life Satisfaction in Later Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752198909
Author(s):  
Jong Hyun Jung ◽  
Christopher G. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Marital Partner ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

This study examines the effects of prayers at mealtime on change in life satisfaction among older U.S. adults. In addition, it assesses the ways that marital status conditions these psychological effects of prayers at mealtime. Using two waves of longitudinal data from the Religion, Aging, and Health Survey (2001–2004), a representative sampling of adults aged 65 and older, the analyses reveal that the frequency of prayers at mealtime is associated with an increase in life satisfaction over time. Further, the positive effects of prayers at mealtime on change in life satisfaction are greater for nonmarried older adults than their married counterparts. The findings in the study reinforce claims of the beneficial effects of religion on mental well-being in later life. Moreover, they elaborate on the resource substitution thesis by showing that religion provides greater psychological benefits for older adults who do not have alternative resources for well-being—a marital partner.

scholarly journals Risk Readiness as an Adaptive Resource: Subjective Assessments of the Adult Population of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Elena Shlykova
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Adaptive Resource ◽  
The Relationship

The article attempts to deepen scientific knowledge about the role of risk preparedness as an adaptive resource at different stages of the process of adaptation to uncertainty. Based on analysis of the scientific literature, the essence of risk readiness is shown as a rational choice of the method of interaction with uncertainty, based on the assessment of the situation by the adaptant, his own capabilities and the consequences of the decision made. The approach to measuring risk readiness through a subjective assessment of its sufficiency / lack / neutrality as an adaptive resource is substantiated. The theoretical basis is the position of the sociology of adaptations by L. V. Korel about the differentiation of adaptation resources according to their relationship with the speed and level of adaptation of the subject. An empirical interpretation of the speed of adaptation is proposed through the adaptive capacity and the level of adaptability, and the success / failure of adaptation through selfassessment of social well-being. The hypothesis of the relationship between the risk readiness of the adult population of Russia with the indicators of the speed and success of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by transformational processes in modern society is subjected to empirical testing on the basis of “RLMSHSE” data analysis. Socio-demographic factors differentiating respondents by subjective assessment of risk readiness, such as gender and age, are recorded. It has been established that a high subjective assessment of risk readiness associated with high assessments of adaptive capacity and adaptability level determines a high rate of adaptation. The relationship between the subjective assessment of risk readiness and the level of social well-being is shown. Risk readiness is justified as a specific adaptive resource that ensures the speed of the adaptation process and its result “at the exit” – the success or failure of adaptation to uncertainty conditions.

scholarly journals An integrated model of financial well-being: The role of financial behavior

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rr. Iramani ◽  
Lutfi Lutfi
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
The Government

One of the main goals of every individual or household is to achieve financial well-being. Previous research has shown that various factors influence financial well-being. This research aims to develop an integrated family financial welfare model by examining various factors that affect it. This study uses data of 1,158 households taken using an online survey. The data is analyzed using a structural equation model. The results show that financial experience, financial knowledge, financial status, and marital status directly affect financial well-being. Financial behavior significantly mediates the influence of financial behavior, financial knowledge, and locus of control on financial well-being. Furthermore, marital status strengthens the effect of financial knowledge on financial well-being, but it does not strengthen the effect of financial experience on financial well-being. This study suggests that the Government and financial authorities need to improve further the effectiveness of financial literacy and financial inclusion programs and campaign for a more frugal life among households to avoid financial difficulties.

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