scholarly journals “Technologies of Reflexivity”: Generating Biopolitics and Institutional Risk to Supplement Global Public Health Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-685
Author(s):  
Mark L FLEAR
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
Organisational Identity ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Multiple Levels

AbstractCritiques of global public health security (GPHS) and proposed solutions tend to overlook the potential of the individuals and groups that are subject to and governed by GPHS – “the governed” – to contribute their “on the ground” knowledge and experience to decision-making in order to improve regulatory responses. This article argues for the development of a more reflexive approach as a way of ensuring the epistemic integration of these knowledges with the scientific-technical knowledges that currently dominate decision-making processes. I identify human rights as the conceptual lens that is most likely to enable reflexivity by the governed and regulators, and understanding and communication between them. The governed can use perceived or actual breaches of human rights to articulate “on the ground” knowledges as institutional risks to reputation and standing and, in turn, threaten the production and legitimation of organisational identity, socio-political orders and projects of rule. The particular sensitivity of regulators to these risks could compel epistemic integration. This more reflexive approach to GPHS promises to improve the knowledge base, efficacy, accountability and legitimacy of decision-making at multiple levels: WHO, EU, national and “on the ground”.

The Proliferation of Human Rights in Global Health Governance

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance Gable
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Levels

As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, threats to global public health continue to proliferate. New and novel risks to health have emerged consistently over the past 30 years. Moreover, our shrinking world now allows health threats to spread more quickly than ever before. Given these realities, efforts to protect and improve global health must be expansive, flexible, and able to take into account the variety of circumstances that may imperil good health. These efforts also must consider the multiple levels and varying contexts in which laws, policies, and other factors govern global health and affect health outcomes.

scholarly journals Public health law and COVID-19: Human rights and global health security

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Petelos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Migrant Populations

Abstract The WHO has highlighted the technical challenges of assessing immunity status, cautioning against immunity passports. Similarly, the ECDC indicated that “current scientific knowledge that exists on the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 (quality, quantity and duration of human antibodies) or the available testing methods (laboratory based and point-of-care)” does not support their use. Accordingly, the European Commission has emphasised the risks compulsory testing, noting that “border control [is not] an effective measure to limit the transmission of the virus, while the Council of Europe raises awareness of the interference of SARS-CoV-2 measures on human rights, underlining that “the major social, political and legal challenge facing our Member States will be their ability to respond to this crisis effectively, whilst ensuring that the measures they take do not undermine our genuine long-term interest in safeguarding Europe's founding values of human rights, democracy and the rule of law”. Nevertheless, immunity passports and immunity registries are being discussed more than ever before, with governments under pressure to find a viable solution. This presentation will examine the GDPR, and current legislation protecting rights vs. legislation allowing testing, quarantine, administration of medicines, recording of immunity vs. vaccination. It will debate the legal nature of immunity passports and the relevance to fundamental European freedoms, linking key concepts to global public health law. Implications regarding the personal right in Health/right of Public Health and legal substance and human rights limitations will also be examined. Criteria and the use of immunity passports as limitations of human rights -prescribed by law, legitimate aim and necessary in a democratic society- with extrapolation in terms of discrimination will be discussed. Finally, the jurisprudential approach and control (national, European, ECHR, global) will be mentioned, along with a brief highlight to the implications for migrant populations and cross-border care.

scholarly journals Corruption and Combating Corruption: A Framework for Peace, Human Rights and Sustainable Development in Post-Independent Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Eric Che Muma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
The Way

Abstract Since the introduction of democratic reforms in post-independent Africa, most states have been battling corruption to guarantee sustainable peace, human rights and development. Because of the devastating effects of corruption on the realisation of peace, human rights and sustainable development, the world at large and Africa in particular, has strived to fight against corruption with several states adopting national anti-corruption legislation and specialised bodies. Despite international and national efforts to combat corruption, the practice still remains visible in most African states without any effective accountability or transparency in decision-making processes by the various institutions charged with corruption issues. This has further hindered global peace, the effective enjoyment of human rights and sustainable development in the continent. This paper aims to examine the concept of corruption and combating corruption and its impact on peace, human rights and sustainable development in post-independent Africa with a particular focus on Cameroon. It reveals that despite international and national efforts, corruption still remains an obstacle to global peace in Africa requiring a more proactive means among states to achieve economic development. The paper takes into consideration specific socio-economic challenges posed by corruption and the way forward for a united Africa to combat corruption to pull the continent out of poverty, hunger and instability, and to transform it into a better continent for peace, human rights and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Design, development, and public health

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Traci Rose Rider ◽  
Margaret Van Bakergem ◽  
Jinoh Park ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
J. Aaron Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Interview Protocol ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Decision Making Processes

As awareness of the built environment’s impact on individual and community health spreads through design and construction, different stakeholders are engaging in conversations of strategies and metrics. This paper explores the structure, methodology, and findings of research supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation addressing how multifamily developers conceptualize, discuss and implement health strategies in their projects. Framed in a Critical Theory perspective, this research first explores the traditional multifamily development decision-making process, specifically targeting how early adopters in multifamily development are discussing health and wellness in their projects. By unpacking the discussions around health and wellbeing in design, real estate development, and public health, aligned concepts are identified to operationalize these concepts for further exploration. Using a comparative case study strategy addressing how and why (Yin 2017), five developers positioned as early adopters were engaged to better understand how they each conceptualize, implement and measure health strategies in their multifamily projects. Two-day in-depth interviews were held in two initial developers’ home offices, addressing their standard design and decision-making processes and evolving into specific consideration of various health strategies. Four additional developers were engaged either over the phone or in person. Interview protocol ensured that discussion topics were standardized at the outset, with the following topics addressed with each partner: (1) company mission, (2) organizational structure, (3) differentiation in the market, (4) company evaluation metrics, (5) assessment scales, (6) decision-making processes, (7) market trends, (8) use of evidence-based data, (9) internal health discussions, and (10) investor relationships. Cyclical data collection, transcription, and analysis allowed the interview protocol to be modified for emergent topics. Site visits, website analysis, and clicks through national online real estate databases also contributed to a holistic perspective of this complex problem. Findings indicate that multifamily developers are focusing on upfront, marketable strategies that are likely to foster mental and social health, but with little regard of applying any form of evaluative metrics. Rating systems addressing health are of little help. When asked directly about choices to influence the health of residents, participants heavily cited (1) location, emphasizing access to community amenities; (2) place making, for community building and social and mental wellbeing; and (3) physical fitness opportunities through fitness spaces. Even those developers viewed as early adopters are uncomfortable discussing health strategies using a public health lens. This research intends to highlight interdisciplinary conversations surrounding health in multifamily real estate, contributing to more rigorous adoption of health strategies in this challenging building type. These findings can be valuable to stakeholders in design, development, private investment, property management, public health, community design, and policy.   

The right to health supports global public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-290
Author(s):  
Carmel Williams ◽  
Alison Blaiklock ◽  
Paul Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Supportive Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Overseas Development

In this chapter, we explain how human rights, including the right to health, are important for global public health. We introduce key human rights concepts and principles, and illustrate three approaches to the right to health: judicial, policy, and empowerment. We propose that human rights and public health are natural allies with a complementary and supportive relationship. We describe the meaning of the right to the highest attainable standard of health and its place in international, regional, and national laws. We outline ten key elements of the right to health and how the right can be operationalized in public health practice. We demonstrate this with two case studies of critically important global public health issues—climate change and children’s health, and overseas development assistance—as well as one of an emerging challenge in health, the digitization of health through Big Data.

scholarly journals The Use of Research Evidence in Public Health Decision Making Processes: Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e21704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Orton ◽  
Ffion Lloyd-Williams ◽  
David Taylor-Robinson ◽  
Martin O'Flaherty ◽  
Simon Capewell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Health Decision Making ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Use Of Research

Global Public Health Security

JAMA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 298 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268
Author(s):  
Joan Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Security

scholarly journals Health, security and foreign policy

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN McINNES ◽  
KELLEY LEE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The West ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Internal Instability ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
Failing States

Over the past decade, health has become an increasingly important international issue and one which has engaged the attention of the foreign and security policy community. This article examines the emerging relationship between foreign and security policy, and global public health. It argues that the agenda has been dominated by two issues – the spread of selected infectious diseases (including HIV/AIDS) and bio-terror. It argues that this is a narrow framing of the agenda which could be broadened to include a wider range of issues. We offer two examples: health and internal instability, including the role of health in failing states and in post-conflict reconstruction; and illicit activities. We also argue that the relationship between global public health, and foreign and security policy has prioritised the concerns of the latter over the former – how selected health issues may create risks for (inter)national security or economic growth. Moreover the interests of the West are prominent on this agenda, focusing (largely though not exclusively) on how health risks in the developing world might impact upon the West. It is less concerned with the promotion of global public health.

scholarly journals Regulating lobbyists in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liam Alexander Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Lobbying Activity ◽  
Decision Making Processes

<p>Lobbying is a vital aspect of democratic governance and is for the most part beneficial to society. However, recent high-profile instances of lobbying activity in New Zealand have damaged governmental integrity and appear to have diminished public confidence in government decision-making processes. The Lobbying Disclosure Bill was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament in 2012 in the hope that transparency mechanisms could dissuade harmful lobbying without impeding ordinary activity. The Bill was rejected at the select committee stage due to a number of drafting deficiencies. These shortcomings made the Bill difficult to implement, and imposed a disproportionate limit on a number of human rights. Despite these failings, it is both possible and desirable to regulate lobbying activity in New Zealand. Drawing from overseas experiences, this paper suggests modifications to the Lobbying Disclosure Bill which would discourage harmful lobbying while also mitigating the concerns raised by critics of the Bill.</p>

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